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光学与光电技术 2010年第2期8卷 1-6页

作者： erich Kasper 德国斯图加特大学半导体研究所

作为微电子材料，硅具备许多优良的电学特性．采用硅材料的器件集成度能够比其他材料高几个数量级。然而．硅是一种间接带隙材料，其光学跃迁过程会引入大量低能的声子造成跃迁几率很低．导致其光学特性（发射与吸收）远不如Ⅲ/Ⅴ族半... 详细信息

作为微电子材料，硅具备许多优良的电学特性．采用硅材料的器件集成度能够比其他材料高几个数量级。然而．硅是一种间接带隙材料，其光学跃迁过程会引入大量低能的声子造成跃迁几率很低．导致其光学特性（发射与吸收）远不如Ⅲ/Ⅴ族半导体材料。

关键词：硅芯片光电子学微电子材料半导体材料电学特性带隙材料光学特性跃迁几率

Fractal Characteristics of Microporous Adsorbents

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第8期8卷 603-613页

作者： Vladimir V. Kutarov Eva Schieferstein Yuriy Leonidovych Zub erich Robens Research Institute of Physics I. I. Mechnikov National University Odesa Ukraine Fraunhofer Institute UMSICHT Oberhausen Germany Chujko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine Battelle-Institut e.V. Frankfurt am Main Germany (formerly) Schlesierstr. 5 Friedrichsdorf Germany

The traditional version of the theory of volume filling of micropores was used for the estimation of the fractal dimension of microporous solids. For this purpose, the Dubinin’s integral equation was solved for infinite and limited integration limits. The results were applied to the adsorption of nitrogen (T = 78 K) on coal samples and Davisil F silica and to the adsorption of water (Т = 293 К) on lunar soil sample and on rice starch.

关键词： Pore Structure Micropores Fractal Dimension Dubinin’s Equation Mathematical Analysis

Unusual Acute Onset of Symptomatic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Skull: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2013年第3期3卷 44-47页

作者： Paul E. Kaloostian Han Chen Franklin Westhout erich Marchand Department of Neurosurgery University of New Mexico Albuquerque USA Johns Hopkins University Medical Center Baltimore USA

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the proliferation of specialized bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells (LCs) and mature eosinophils, resulting in solitary or few, indolent and chronic, lesions of bone or other organs called eosinophilic granulomas. Calvarial LCH is quite rare and an underappreciated differential etiology of skull lesions. We present a most unusual case of a young child with hyperacutely symptomatic langerhans histiocytosis of the skull. Method: A 7-year-old male presented with a history of increasing (progressive) frontal headaches of 8 days duration, unaccompanied by associated nausea, vomiting, or diplopia. His only additional complaint was a hard bump on his forehead. MRI and CT done in the ER identified a right fronto-parietal lesion with associated skull erosion. Nuclear medicine and SPECT studies confirmed an erosive skull lesion without significant metabolic activity. A right frontal craniectomy and excision was performed. Results: A soft, rubbery well-circumcised mass coming from the diploic layer of the skull with involvement of bone was identified. The mass had eroded both the outer and inner table of the skull, and the involved area of the right frontal bone was resected. Intra-operative histo-pathologic analysis of the lesion revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis without involvement of the dura. The patient experienced no neurological worsening as a result of the resection. He was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion: LCH lesions of the skull are common findings, however, this focal hyperacute symptomatic presentation is most rare and should not deter us from anticipating an erosive bony tumor and planning timely surgical management.

关键词： Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Histiocytosis X Letterer Siwe Eosinophilic Granuloma Skull Neoplasms

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非对称磁透镜物镜的数字计算

电子显微学报 2003年第4期22卷 358-361页

作者：孙占峰 Michael Rauscher erich Plies 张永明中国科学院北京科学仪器研制中心中国科学院研究生院北京100039 德国Tuebingen大学应用物理研究所

采用数字化电子光学设计软件计算了扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)物镜的光学特性并能在满足给定的条件下优化物镜设计。本文通过采用已发表的通用数据和用软件计算实际透镜得到的数据来计算电子束斑直径 ,研究非对称透镜物镜的光学特性。

关键词：扫描电子显微镜球差色差衍射束斑尺寸物镜计算

The Prospect of Application of Extractive Reference Substance of Chinese Herbal Medicines

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Chinese Medicine 2013年第4期4卷 125-136页

作者： Peishan Xie Shuangcheng Ma Pengfei Tu Zhengtao Wang erich Stoeger Daniel Bensky Independent Scholar Seattle USA Macao University of Science and Technology Macao China Guangdong UNION Biochemical Development Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China National Institute for Food and Drug Control Beijing China Peking University Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing China Plantasia GmbH Oberndorf Austria Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China

The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.

关键词： Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) ERS R & D Strategy Holistic Quality Control

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史前文明的奥秘

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The Effect of Pre-Exercise Cooling on Performance Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

1000年

作者： erich Von Daniken 徐兴译

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 117-141页

作者： erich Hohenauer Rahel Stoop Peter Clarys Ron Clijsen Tom Deliens Jan Taeymans Research Rehabilitation 2rLab Department of Business Economics Health and Social Care University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Landquart Switzerland THIM University of Applied Sciences Landquart Switzerland Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Health Department Bern University of Applied Sciences Berne Switzerland

Exercising in high environmental temperatures may cause precocious hyperthermia induced fatigue resulting in a decreased athletes’ performance output. This systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the possible effects of pre-exercise cooling on performance output. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO-model was used to establish the research question. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the validity of the included studies. Study eligibility was given when the studies compared the effects between any kind of pre-cooling and non-cooling strategies prior to exercise on performance output. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Risk of bias was high or unclear but the performance bias was low. The estimated standardized mean difference revealed that external pre-cooling (21 studies) enhanced performance (Hedges’ g = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.33 to 0.64]), with the main effect observed in endurance cycling or running. Internal (7 studies) and mixed-method (5 studies) pre-cooling failed to significantly affect performance parameters. However, the main output parameter, evaluated in these studies, was peak power output. Subgroup analysis for different outcome measures was not possible because meaningful grouping was not plausible. Limitations of this meta-analysis were the high or unclear risk of bias and the comparability of the included studies. Future studies should also determine the effects of different pre-cooling applications on female and untrained participants. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, it can be concluded that there is some evidence in favour of external pre-cooling to avoid precocious hyperthermia induced fatigue in endurance athletes exercising in hot environments.

关键词： Performance Cooling Precooling Core Temperature Exercise Meta-Analysis

Shark Cognition and a Human Mediated Driver of a Spate of Shark Attacks

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 263-269页

作者： Marie Levine Ralph S. Collier erich Ritter Moustafa Fouda Vincent Canabal Shark Research Institute Princeton USA Global Shark Attack File Princeton USA Shark Research Committee Chatsworth USA Nature Conservation Sector Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Cairo Egypt

Five unprovoked shark attacks are reported from Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt, between 30 November and 5 December 2010. Three of the five attacks are attributed to an oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharinus longimanus with a distinctive crescent-shaped notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin. The shark was observed during the first attack on a snorkeler and photographed underwater during the second shark attack on a swimmer. In a video taken several months prior to the attacks, the same shark is hand-fed underwater by a divemaster with additional fish in a pack over his buttock. The shark can be seen swimming behind the divemaster while he removed additional fish from this pack. In Victims 1, 2 and 5, the shark removed an extensive amount of tissue from the victims’ buttock. The three victims also lost a hand and/or a portion of their forearm, suggesting the injuries were inflicted by a shark conditioned to associating food with hand-feedings and the human form. The remaining two attacks, Cases 3 and 4, were attributable to the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. This was determined from a unique dental pattern of the right side of the upper jaw due to a prior injury. This same “misalignment” dental pattern was observed in the injuries sustained by Victims 3 and 4. We conclude that the shortfin mako shark was responsible for the attacks on Victims 3 and 4, and the oceanic whitetip shark was the causal species of attacks on Victims 1, 2, and 5.

关键词： Forensic Science Red Sea Sharks Shark Attack Shark Cognition

Exploring water and ion transport process at silicone/copper interfaces using in-situ electrochemical and Kelvin probe approaches

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第5期64卷 203-213页

作者： B.Munirathinam J.P.B.van Dam A.Herrmann W.D.van Driel F.De Buyl S.J.F.erich L.G.J.van der Ven O.C.G.Adan J.M.C.Mol Delft University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentDelftThe Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Applied PhysicsEindhovenThe Netherlands Signify High Tech CampusEindhovenThe Netherlands Delft University of Technology Electronic ComponentsTechnology and MaterialsFaculty of Electrical EngineeringDelftThe Netherlands Dow Silicones Belgium s.p.r.l. Belgium

In general,packaging materials which encapsulate light emitting diodes(LEDs)and microelectronic devices offer barrier protection against several environmental hazards such as water and ionic ***,these encapsulants may provide pathways for water and ionic contaminants to reach the metal/polymer interfaces and provoke local corrosion of electronics,which is a major reliability concern for polymer encapsulated LEDs and *** the water and corrosive constituents play a crucial role in their reliability,water uptake kinetics,interfacial ion transport and delamination behaviour of silicone coated copper model system,mimicking a typical microelectronics packaging system,is explored in the present *** impedance spectroscopy(EIS)integrated with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy studies revealed that water diffusion inside the silicone network is Fickian in nature and the evolution of the observed time constants are related to the diffusion and interfacial reactions.A decrease of impedance magnitude with time was observed in EIS measurements concurrently with water absorption bands shifting towards lower wavenumber in ATR-FTIR measurements,implying the growth of strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules and the silicone *** estimated diffusion constant of water using the capacitance method was in the order of 7×10^(-12)m^(2)s^(-1)and the water absorption volume fraction was in the range of 0%to 0.30%.Scanning Kelvin probe studies elucidated the ion transport process occurring at the silicone/copper interface in a humid *** interfacial ion transport process is controlled by the interfacial electrochemical reactions at the cathodic delamination front and the estimated average delamination rate is 0.43 mm h^(-1/2).This work demonstrates that exploring ion and water transport in the silicone coating and along the silicone/copper interface is of pivotal importance as

关键词： Silicone Impedance Water transport Scanning Kelvin probe Delamination

Shear Thickening and Shear Induced Band Formations in Solutions of Wormlike Micelles

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Shear Thickening and Shear Induced Band Formations in Soluti...