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Asymmetrical mate preference in recently adapted White Sands and black lava populations of Sceloporus undulatus

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 20-30页

作者： Kayla m. HARDWICK Jeanne m. ROBERTSON erica Bree ROSENBLUm Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 USA Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Speciation can proceed rapidly when natural and sexual selection act in concert. For example speciation can be ac- celerated when traits that confer a selective advantage in a particular habitat also influence mate preference. Studying parallel but evolutionarily independent instances of ecological divergence can illuminate the interaction between natural and sexual selection during speciation. Locally adapted populations of the eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus have recently evolved in three different habitats in the Chihuahuan desert： blanched color morphs occur on the gypsum dunes of White Sands, melanic color morphs occur on the Carrizozo lava flow, and brown color morphs occur in the surrounding desert scrubland. In addition to dif- ferences in cryptic dorsal coloration, populations also differ in the size and color of ventral patches used for social signaling. This system therefore provides an opportunity to investigate the interplay of natural and sexual selection during rapid ecological speci- ation. We used mate preference experiments to determine whether locally adapted populations may exhibit the early stages of be- havioral reproductive isolation. We observed an asymmetrical mate preference in this system; White Sands males preferentially courted local females, while males from dark soils and black lava populations did not exhibit a preference for local mates. We also found that female behavior and ventral patch phenotype were associated with male courtship. Our results suggest that the observed preference for local mates evolved at White Sands, and we discuss the possible link between local adaptation and traits involved in mate preference in this system [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 20-30, 2013].

关键词： Eastem fence lizard magic trait Ecological speciation Sexual signaling Courtship mate preference asymmetry

Upper Cretaceous trench deposits of the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone： Jiachala Formation from Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in Tibet, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1204-1220页

作者： Hanpu FU Xiumian HU erica m. CROUCH Wei AN Jiangang WANG Eduardo GARZANTI State Key Laboratory of mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China GNS Science PO Box 30368 Lower Hurt 5040 New Zealand School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Bering 100029 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Universita di Milano-Bicocca Milano 20126 Italy

The history of convergence between the India and the Asia plates, and of their subsequent collision which triggered the Himalayan orogeny is recorded in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Exposed along the southern side of the suture, turbidites of the the Jiachala Formation fed largely from the Gangdese arc have long been considered as post-collisional foreland-basin deposits based on the reported occurrence of Paleocene-early Eocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages. Because magmatic activity in the Gangdese arc continued through the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, this scenario is incompatible with U-Pb ages of detrital zircons invariably older than the latest Cretaceous. To solve this conundrum, we carried out detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological, paleontological, and provenance analyses in the Gyangze and Sajia areas of southern Tibet,China. The Jiachala Formation consists of submarine fan deposits that lie in fault contact with the Zongzhuo *** petrography together with U-Pb ages and Hf isotope ratios of detrital zircons indicate provenance from the Gangdese arc and central Lhasa terrane. Well preserved pollen or dinoflagellate cysts microfossils were not found in spite of careful research, and the youngest age obtained from zircon grain was ～84 ma. Based on sedimentary facies, provenance analysis and tectonic position, we suggest that the Jiachala Formation was deposited during the Late Cretaceous(~88–84 ma) in the trench formed along the southern edge of Asia during subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.

关键词： Provenance analysis Trench deposits Late Cretaceous Neo-Tethyan oceanic subduction Yarlung Zangbo suturezone Tibet of China

Does variable stand structure associated with multi-cohort forests support diversity of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities in the central Nearctic boreal forest？

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1191-1202页

作者： erica P. Barkley Jay R. malcolm Sandy m. Smith m. Isabel Bellocq Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto 33 Willcocks Street Toronto ON M5S 3B3 Canada Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución IEGEBA(CONICET-UBA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

multi-cohort management （mCm） that retains a range of stand structures （age and size class） has been proposed to emulate natural disturbance and improve management in the Nearctic boreal forest. Although mCm forests contain both single- and multi-aged stands of mixed tree sizes, little is known about how variable stand structure affects associated fauna and biodiversity. Here, we examine the relationship between ground beetle （Coleoptera, Carabidae） communities and stand characteristics across a range of forest structure （=cohort classes）. Given that mCm classes are defined by the distribution of their tree-stem diameters, we ask whether parameters associated with these distributions （Weibull） could explain observed variation in carabid communities, and if so, how this compares to traditional habitat variables such as stand age, foliage complexity or volume of downed woody debris. We sampled carabids using weekly pitfall collections and compared these with structural habitat variables across a range of cohort classes （stand structure and age since disturbance） in 18 sites of upland mixed boreal forests from central Canada. Results showed that richness and diversity of carabid communities were similar among cohort classes. Weibull parameters from the diameter distribution of all stems were the strongest predictors of variation in carabid communities among sites, but vertical foliage complexity, understory thickness, and percentage of deciduous composition were also significant. The abundance of several carabid forest specialists was strongly correlated with tree canopy height, the presence of large trees, and high vertical foliage complexity. Our results demonstrate that variable forest structure, as expected under mCm, may be useful in retaining the natural range of ground beetle species across the central Nearctic boreal forest.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Boreal forest Carabidae Forest structure Ground beetles multi-cohortmanagement Tree diameter distribution

Real-world treatment attrition rates in advanced esophagogastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第39期26卷 6027-6036页

作者： erica S Tsang Howard J Lim Daniel J Renouf Janine m Davies Jonathan m Loree Sharlene Gill Department of medicine BC CancerVancouver V5Z 4E6Canada Division of medical Oncology University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 4E6Canada

BACKGROUND Over the last decade,multiple agents have demonstrated efficacy for advanced esophagogastric cancer(EGC).Despite the availability of later lines of therapy,there remains limited real-world data about the treatment attrition rates between lines of *** To characterize the use and attrition rates between lines of therapy for patients with advanced *** We identified patients who received at least one cycle of chemotherapy for advanced EGC between July 1,2017 and July 31,2018 across six regional centers in British Columbia(BC),***,treatment,and outcomes data were *** Of 245 patients who received at least one line of therapy,median age was 66 years(IQR 58.2-72.3)and 186(76%)were male,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status 0/1(80%),gastric vs GEJ(36%vs 64%).Histologies included adenocarcinoma(78%),squamous cell carcinoma(8%),and signet ring(14%),with 31%HER2 positive.72%presented with de novo disease,and 25%had received previous *** was a high level of treatment attrition,with patients receiving only one line of therapy n=122,50%),two lines n=83,34%),three lines n=34,14%),and four lines n=6,2%).Kaplan-meier analysis demonstrated improved survival with increasing lines of therapy(median overall survival 7.7 vs 16.6 vs 22.8 vs 40.4 mo,Pmultivariable Cox regression,improved survival was associated with better baseline ECOG and increased lines of therapy(Pmet need for more efficacious early-line treatment options for patients with advanced EGC.

关键词： Esophagogastric cancer Gastric cancer Treatment attrition Systemic therapy Treatment outcomes Real-world evidence

Non-invasive digestion monitoring with an FDA-cleared wearable biosensor:further validation for use in tracking food ingestion

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第5期9卷 475-477,I0003页

作者： erica R.Cohen mayra Lopez Brennan m.R.Spiegel Christopher V.Almario Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education(CS-CORE) Los AngelesCAUSA Division of Health Services Research Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Health Policy and management UCLA Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Informatics Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Introduction Obesity affects one-third of the US population and accounts for$200 billion/year in expenditures[1].Diet and exercise form the cornerstone of management,yet are often ineffective[2].mobile health applications(mHealth apps)can augment traditional strategies;Gill and Panda[3]demonstrated that obese patients can modify their eating behavior and lose weight using an mHealth app to track food *** promising,these apps typically require active data input and currently lack passively collected,physiologic input to support sustained behavior change.

关键词：生物传感器消化功能食物摄入

Evaluation of disinfection byproducts for their ability to affect mitochondrial function

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 295-304页

作者： George William Kajjumba Rachael E.Bokota matias Attene-Ramos erica J.marti Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashington DCUSA

In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in water;evaluating each compound is practically impossible and very time consuming. A bioanalytical approach could be an answer to this challenge. In this work, the response of four major classes of DBPs toward mitochondrial membrane potential( Δψm) and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate(C-ATP) was investigated with human carcinoma(Hep G2) cells. Within 90 min of cell exposure, only the haloacetic acid(HAA) mixture caused a cytotoxic response as measured by C-ATP. All four groups(haloacetonitriles(HANs), trihalomethanes(THms), nitrosamines(NOAs), and HAAs) responded well to Δψm, R 2 > 0.70. Based on the half-maximum concentration that evoked a 50% response in Δψm, the response gradient was HANs >> HAAs ~ THm > NOAs. The inhibition of the Δψm by HANs is driven by dibromoacetonitrile(DBAN), while dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN) did not cause a significant change in the Δψm at less than 2000 μm. A mixture of HANs exhibited an antagonistic behavior on the Δψm compared to individual compounds. If water samples are concentrated to increase HAN concentrations, especially DBAN, then Δψm could be used as a biomonitoring tool for DBP toxicity.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Toxicity mitochondrial membrane potential Dose-response curve In vitro bioassay Emerging contaminants

Econometric modeling and model Falsification

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Advances in Pure mathematics 2019年第9期9卷 762-776页

作者： George m. Lady carlisle E. moody Department of Economics Temple University Philadelphia PA USA Department of Economics College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA

A recent literature on qualitative analysis has shown that its successful application in testing the consistency of the sign patterns of a proposed structure and an estimated reduced form was far less restricted than a previous literature had proposed. A frequent example used in this demonstration was the qualitative analysis of Klein’s model I. For this, the proposed structural sign pattern was falsified by the sign pattern of the estimated reduced form. As a result, the subsequent application two-stage least squares would always find quantifications of the structure that could not possibly have resulted in the sign pattern of the estimated reduced form. We view this result as a diagnostic calling for further analysis. We show that the Klein model fails standard over identification tests. We make modest amendments to the model that resolves this problem but find that the resulting estimated reduced form still falsifies the structure, calling for further developmental effort. Our point is that qualitative falsification should be viewed as a diagnostic in developing a model, rather than a criterion for entirely dismissing the model.

关键词： Econometric modeling Falsification Qualitative Analysis

Seasonal influence and local factors affecting macroinvertebrate structure in a high-altitude Andean stream

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1374-1386页

作者： SCHEIBLER erica E FERNáNDEZ CAmPóN Florencia LAGOS SILNIK Susana WELLNITZ Todd Laboratorio de Entomologia IADIZACCT CONICET MendozaAvenida Ruiz Leal s/nParque Gral.San MartinCC 5075500MendozaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET) Avenida Rivadavia 1917C1033AAJCABAArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de CuyoPadre Jorge Contreras 1300M5502JMA MendozaArgentina Biology Department University o f Wisconsin-Eau Claire105 Garfield Avenue54701Eau ClaireWisconsinUSA

Small water bodies are critical for maintaining freshwater biodiversity,but are among the least investigated aquatic *** examined physical and chemical variables at two reaches in Arroyo Tambillos,a small,high-elevation Andean stream,in NW mendoza province,Argentina,across four seasons to examine how local factors and seasonality affected the structure of the macroinvertebrate *** Arroyo Tambillos community was numerically dominated by ephemeropterans(mainly massartellopsis irarrazavali)while the dipteran Chironomidae were the most species *** macroinvertebrate abundance was highest in summer,driven mainly by taxa that were secondary in dominance(Austrelmis *** Andesiops peruvianus),while richness did not differ between ***,benthic composition was different in Fall 2013(march)compared to other seasons,largely because of the increased abundance of *** correspondence analysis discriminated Chironomidae species distributions in Fall 2013 by substrate type(i.e.,big and small boulder substrate).By contrast,discharge,velocity,and depth were the variables which most affected the macroinvertebrate abundance and *** to our expectations,most community changes observed occurred in fall instead of ***-kryal stream communities like the one described here have become increasingly important for conserving mountain stream biodiversity as anthropogentic impacts and climate change increasingly impact lower stream ***,monitoring high-altitude streams like the Arroyo Tambillos may be critical for preventing the future loss of unique and sensitive stream biota.

关键词： Ephemeroptera dominance Chironomidae richness mountain small stream Physical variables Biodiversity Ecosystem

Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in Populus trichocarpa

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 581-597页

作者： John Lagergren mirko Pavicic Hari B.Chhetri Larry m.York Doug Hyatt David Kainer erica m.Rutter Kevin Flores Jack Bailey-Bale marie Klein Gail Taylor Daniel Jacobson Jared Streich Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Department of Applied mathematics University of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA Department of mathematics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Plant phenotyping is typically a time-consuming and expensive endeavor,requiring large groups of researchers to meticulously measure biologically relevant plant traits,and is the main bottleneck in understanding plant adaptation and the genetic architecture underlying complex traits at population *** this work,we address these challenges by leveraging few-shot learning with convolutional neural networks to segment the leaf body and visible venation of 2,906 Populus trichocarpa leaf images obtained in the *** contrast to previous methods,our approach(a)does not require experimental or image preprocessing,(b)uses the raw RGB images at full resolution,and(c)requires very few samples for training(e.g.,just 8 images for vein segmentation).Traits relating to leaf morphology and vein topology are extracted from the resulting segmentations using traditional open-source image-processing tools,validated using real-world physical measurements,and used to conduct a genome-wide association study to identify genes controlling the *** this way,the current work is designed to provide the plant phenotyping community with(a)methods for fast and accurate image-based feature extraction that require minimal training data and(b)a new population-scale dataset,including 68 different leaf phenotypes,for domain scientists and machine learning *** of the few-shot learning code,data,and results are made publicly available.

关键词： networks neural image