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Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第28期18卷 3627-3634页

作者： eric R Kallwitz Section of Hepatology University of Illinois Chicago IL 60612 United States

The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis c and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.

关键词： Liver transplantation Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemias Hypertension Metabolic syndrome X Obesity Hypertension Immunosuppression

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A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello eric Lugada cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan P.Joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA college of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPc)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for *** program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to *** program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPc,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPc for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPc *** program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPc for the cOVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations capacities

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Dissemination of Resistance Integrons and Genes coding for Blse and cabapenemases in the Urban Drainage Network in cote d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 268-286页

作者： coulibaly Kalpy Julien Diaby Aboubakar Sidik Vakou N’dri Sabine M’bengue Gbonon Valérie carole claon Jean Stephane Yao Kouamé eric Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice Yéo Yéfougnini Bagré Issa Djaman Allico Joseph Dosso Mireille Pasteur Institute of Ivory coast Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Fé lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide. Environment, particularly the water environment, has long been overlooked as a player in the antibiotic resistance cycle, although its role remains unclear. These can provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, as they are frequently affected by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study was to establish a diffusion map of resistance integrons used as genetic markers of resistance associated with antibiotic resistance conferring genes (ARGs). Total DNA extracts from non-cultivable bacterial communities were used for the analyses. These communities were obtained from wastewater samples from 14 sites upstream and downstream of drainage channels or effluents in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké, and Yamoussoukro. The results obtained correspond to the number of positives among the treated samples (n = 39). Among the genetic markers of dissemination, class 1 integrons were the most evident in 94.8% of samples in Abidjan (93.3%), Bouaké (100%) and Yamoussoukro (91.6%). class 2 integrons and class 3 integrons were found respectively in 41% and 51% of all samples. Genes coding for β-lactamases and blaTEM was identified in almost all samples at a rate of 97.4%. A co-presence of the three genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blacTX-M is also remarkable in the sites of the city of Yamoussoukro. Among the genes coding for carbapenemases, only blaKPc 17.94%, blaNDM 30.76% and blaOXA48 38.46% were detected in the samples.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Wastewater Resistance Integrons (RIs) Resistance Genes

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A ruptured recurrent small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumour causing hemoperitoneum

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第1期9卷 108-111页

作者： eric.c.H. Lai Kam Man chung Stephanie H.Y. Lau Wan Yee Lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China Dr. K.M. chung's clinic Rm 807 Hang Seng Tsimshatsui Building 18 Carnarvon Road Tsimshatsui Hong Kong SAR China Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China

Hemoperitoneum is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of GIST. We reported a 54- year-old man who developed disseminated intra-abdominal recurrence from a previously resected gastrointestinal stromal tumour （GIST） of the small bowel, and the patient presented with hemoperitoneum. Emergent debulking surgery was performed. A high dose imatinib was prescribed. Despite the presence of residual disease, the patient was well clinically 8 months after the operation. Even though, there is no evidence to support the routine use of debulking surgery in the management of GIST. In our patient, disease progression after second line targeted therapy and the absence of alternative treatment options for spontaneous rupture and hemoperitoneum prompted us to treat the patient aggressively. Resection of the ruptured GIST was carried out for control of bleeding and to prevent recurrent bleeding in this patient with good surgical risks. During the treatment decision-making, the patient＇s general condition, the risk of surgery and the extent of dissemination were taken into consideration. In this patient who presented with spontaneous rupture of a small intestinal GIST, the novel use of targeted therapy and aggressive surgical treatment produced reasonably good survival outcome.

关键词： gastrointestinal stromal tumour hemoperitoneum small bowel GIST small bowel neoplasm imatinib

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A TWO-GRID METHOD FOR THE c^0 INTERIOR PENALTY DIScRETIZATION OF THE MONGE-AMPERE EQUATION

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Journal of computational Mathematics 2020年第4期38卷 547-564页

作者： Gerard Awanou Hengguang Li eric Malitz Department of Mathematics Statisticsand Computer ScienceM/C 249.University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mathematics Wayne State University656 W.KirbyDetroitMI 48202USA Department of Mathematics DePaul UniversityChicagoIL 60614USA

The purpose of this paper is to analyze an efficient method for the solution of the nonlinear system resulting from the discretization of the elliptic Monge-Ampere equation by a c0 interior penalty method with Lagrange finite *** consider the two-grid method for nonlinear equations which consists in solving the discrete nonlinear system on a coarse mesh and using that solution as initial guess for one iteration of Newton’s method on a finer *** both steps are *** give quasi-optimal W1,1 error estimates for the discretization and estimate the difference between the interior penalty solution and the two-grid numerical *** experiments confirm the computational efficiency of the approach compared to Newton’s method on the fine mesh.

关键词： Two-grid discretization Interior penalty method Finite element Monge-Ampere

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Preparation of ultrahigh surface area porous carbons templated using zeolite 13X for enhanced hydrogen storage

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 308-316页

作者： eric Masika Robert Mokaya School of chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In this report,the use of zeolite 13X as a template to generate ultrahigh surface area carbons,via a two-step process combining liquid impregnation and chemical vapour deposition is *** first step in the nanocasting process involves impregnation of zeolite 13X with furfuryl alcohol and the second step consists of chemical vapour deposition(cVD) of ethylene at 700 ***-like structural ordering was achieved for zeolite templated carbons(ZTcs) prepared at variable heating ramp rates of 5,10 or 15 1c/*** textural properties of ZTcs prepared at all heating ramp rates were comparable with small variations in which the lowest ramp rate(5 1c/min) generated ZTc with highest surface area and pore volume of 3332 m 2 /g and 1.66 cm 3 /g *** carbon materials achieved a remarkable hydrogen uptake of 7.3 wt% at 20 bar and 77 K which is the highest ever recorded for carbon *** report also explores the mechanical stability of the ZTcs via compaction at up to 10t(equivalent to 740 MPa) in which the compacted samples showed minimal modification and retained high hydrogen storage capacity.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Zeolite templated carbon Zeolite 13X High surface area Micropores

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Approach to medical therapy in perianal crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3693-3704页

作者： Abhinav Vasudevan David H Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion eric.c.Ehman Laura Raffals Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Perianal crohn’s disease remains a challenging condition to treat and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of *** often requires combined surgical and medical ***-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)therapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical therapies for perianal crohn’s *** has been shown to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled *** can be faced with a number of questions relating to the optimal use of anti-TNF therapy in perianal crohn’s *** issues include evaluation for the presence of perianal sepsis,the treatment target of therapy,the ideal time to commence treatment,whether additional medical therapy should be used in conjunction with anti-TNF therapy,and the duration of *** article will discuss key studies which can assist clinicians in addressing these matters when they are considering or have already commenced anti-TNF therapy for the treatment of perianal crohn’s *** will also discuss current evidence regarding the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients who are failing to achieve a response to anti-TNF therapy for perianal crohn’s ***,new therapies such as local injection of mesenchymal stem cell therapy will be discussed.

关键词： Fistula Biologics Inflammatory bowel disease Surgery Stem cells Infliximab Ustekinumab

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Microstructural evolution of a heat-treated H23 tool steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第3期22卷 272-284页

作者： Meilinda Nurbanasari Panos Tsakiropoulos eric J.Palmiere Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield

The microstructure and the stability of carbides after heat treatments in an H23 tool steel were investigated. The heat treatments consisted of austenization at two different austenizing temperatures （1100℃ and 1250℃）, followed by water quenching and double-aging at 650℃, 750℃, and 800℃with air cooling between the first and second aging treatments. Martensite did not form in the as-quenched micro- structures, which consisted of a ferrite matrix, M6c, M7c3, and Mc carbides. The double-aged microstructures consisted of a ferrite matrix and Mc, M6c, M7c3, and M23c6 carbides. Secondary hardening as a consequence of secondary precipitation of fine M2c carbides did not occur. There was disagreement between the experimental microstructure and the results of thermodynamic calculations. The highest double-aged hardness of the H23 tool steel was 448 HV after austenization at 1250℃ and double-aging at 650℃, which suggested that this tool steel should be used at temperatures below 650℃.

关键词： tool steel microstruc^ral evolution heat treatment carbides stability hardness

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capture efficiency of coal/biomass co-combustion ash in an electrostatic field

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Particuology 2018年第5期16卷 80-87页

作者： Jianyi Lu Lili Fu Ximei Li eric Eddings School of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Department of chemzcal Engineering and Institute for Secure and clean Energy University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Ash samples from corn stalk and coal co-fired at 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,and 100%biomass were collected by a 4-stage wire-pipe type electrostatic precipitator (ESP),and the ratio of 14c/12c in ash samples from the 0%,20%,and 100% co-firing scenarios were measured by an accelerator mass *** differential capture efficiency in electrostatic fields for coal ash,coal/biomass co-combustion ash (co- ash),and pure biomass ash was studied separately based on the ratio 14c/*** factors that may influence capture efficiency were analyzed,including microscopic morphology,resistivity,dust density, and particle size *** results indicate that co-ash may be efficiently captured by ESP,while pure biomass ash could ***-ash capture was mainly concentrated in the first two electrostatic fields in the lab-scale ESP,and the overall capture efficiency exceeded 90%.Biomass addition decreased the resistivity of co-ash,and enhanced its surface adsorption capacity to form agglomerates,facilitating the capture of *** capture efficiency of coal ash in co-ash was higher than that of pure coal ash in the first electrostatic field of the ***-firing biomass can aid the removal of both coal ash and biomass ash when using an ESP.

关键词： Biomass co-combustion ash (co-ash) capture efficiency Electrical field 14c/12c

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Bacteria may contribute to distant species recognition in ant-aphid mutualistic relationships

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 278-284页

作者： christophe Y. Fischer claire Detrain Philippe Thonart eric Haubruge Frederic Francis Francois J. Verheggen Georges c. Lognay Laboratory of Analytical chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Unit of Social Ecology Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 50 avenue F. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Walloon center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 Sart-Tilman 4000 Liege 4Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium

Mutualistic interactions between ant and aphid species have been the subject of considerable historical and contemporary investigations, the primary benefits being clean- ing and protection for the aphids and carbohydrate-rich honeydew for the ants. Questions remained, however, as to the volatile semiochemical factor influencing this relationship. A recent study highlighted the role of bacterial honeydew volatile compounds in ant at- traction. Here, ant＇s ability to distantly discriminate 2 aphid species was investigated based on bacterial honeydew semiochemicals emissions using a two-way olfactometer. Both the mutualistic aphid Aphis fabae L. and the nonmyrmecophilous aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were found to be attractive for the ant Lasius niger L. The level of attraction was similar in both assays （control vs. one of the aphid species）. However, when given a choice between these 2 aphid species, ants showed a significant preference for Aphis fabae. Honeydew volatiles, mostly from bacterial origins, are known to be a key element in ant attraction. Using the same olfactometry protocol, the relative attractiveness of volatiles emitted by honeydews collected from each aphid species and by bacteria isolated from each honeydew was investigated. Again, ants significantly preferred volatiles released by Aphis fabae honeydew and bacteria. This information suggests that microbial honeydew volatiles enable ants to distantly discriminate aphid species. These results strengthen the interest of studying the occurrence and potential impact of microorganisms in insect symbioses.

关键词： ant aphid bacteria honeydew mutualism recognition VOc

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