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Specialized or opportunistic how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats？

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 161-171页

作者： Stefan Ehl Vivian Dalstein Fabienne Tull Patrick Gros Thomas schmitt Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany Haus der Natur Salzburg Department Entomology Salzburg Austria Senckenberg German Entomological Institute Department Taxonomy and Biogeography Muncheberg Germany Entomology Department of Zoology Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany

High mountain ecosystems are a challenge for the survival of animal and plant species, which have to evolve specific adaptations to cope with the prevailing extreme conditions. The strategies to survive may reach from opportunistic to highly adapted traits. One species successfully surviving under these conditions is the here studied butterfly Erebia nivalis. In a mark-release-recapture study performed in the Hohe Tauern National Park （Austria） from 22 July to 26 August 2013, we marked 1386 individuals and recaptured 342 of these. For each capture event, we recorded the exact point of capture and various other traits （wing conditions, behavior, nectar sources）. The population showed a partial protandrous demography with the minority of males emerging prior to the females, but the majority being synchronized with them. Males and females differed significantly in their behavior with males being more flight active and females nectaring and resting more. Both sexes showed preferences for the same plant species as nectar sources, but this specialization apparently is the result of a rapid individual adaptation to the locally available flowers. Estimates of the realized dispersal distances predicted a comparatively high amount of long-distance flights, especially for females. Therefore, the adaptation of Erebia nivalis to the unpredictable high mountain conditions might be a mixture of opportunism and specialized traits.

关键词： alpine butterflies movement patterns nectar sources opportunistic behavior partial protandry population demography

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Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 110-114页

作者： Carlos T. Da Ros Caio da Silva schmitt Urology Department Mae de Deus Hospital Porto Alegre RS 90450180 Brazil

Sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults （15-24 years old） make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STDs. In general, STDs are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STDs should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STDs are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STDs is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STDs represent only 50%-80% of reportable STD infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STDs or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STDs are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. T

关键词： sexually transmitted diseases safe sex condom young people

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Sexual dimorphism in the alpine butterflies Boloria pales and Boloria napaea:differences in movement and foraging behavior (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1089-1101页

作者： Stefan Ehl Katharina Hostert Jana Korsch Patrick Gros Thomas schmitt Department of Biogeography University of TrierTrierGermany Haus der Natur Salzburg Work group EntomologySalzburgAustria Senckenberg German Entomological Institute MünchebergGermany Entomology Department of ZoologyInstitute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany

Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon in *** is reflected in differences in life history,behavior and *** of differences in behavior are mostly difficult and time-consuming,especially in high mountain *** enhance our knowledge on sexual dimorphisms of alpine butterflies,we performed a mark-release-recapture study on 2 species common in the Alps:Boloriapales and Boloria *** analysed movement and foraging behavior to investigate differences between *** sexes were mostly sedentary and the movement distances of males and females ***,obvious differences in dispersal behavior between the sexes were found in the movement *** different patterns were *** males showed intensive flight activity,but mostly flew only in a limited part of the entire habitat (i.e.,their individual home range)searching for females,whereas females were less flight active and flew only to find places for oviposition or *** third pattern,where individuals flew larger distances,was only observed in a small number of males,which always returned to their home *** all feeding was observed on ***,males preferred the genera Leontodon and Crepis,while females preferred Leontodon and *** from this sexual difference in foraging,individuals of both sexes were found to be more or less specialised on nectar *** activity was generally greater in males than ***,we think that sex-specific requirements in nectar ingredients exist,that is,sugar for the intensive flight activity of males and amino acids for egg production of females.

关键词： foraging behavior mark-release-recapture movement patterns nectar source specialization sexual dimorphism

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Francis Dov Por(1927–2014):A life dedicated to zoology remembered

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第2期10卷 230-231页

作者： Rosa-Maria POLYMENI John BUCKERIDGE Michael schmitt Zhibin ZHANG University of Athens Greece RMIT University MelbourneVictoriaAustralia University of Greifswald Germany Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

On 25 October 2014,the International Society of Zoological Sciences(ISZS)family lost one of its most eminent members,Professor Francis Dov Por,who passed away at the age of *** was born on 25 May 1927,in Timișoara,a city that is now the capital city of Timis County and is considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat,*** obtained a Diploma in Biology in 1956 from the University of *** of his potential as a biologist was demonstrated through his early appointment as a Curator for the Grigore Antipa Museum of Natural History in Bucharest.

关键词： remember capital Fra

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Influence of irritable bowel syndrome on treatment outcome in gastroesophageal reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第27期17卷 3235-3241页

作者： Hubert Mnnikes Robert C Heading Holger schmitt Hubert Doerfler Department of Medicine Martin-Luther HospitalAcademic Teaching Hospital of CharitéUniversitts-medizin14193 BerlinGermany Edinburgh EH10 7ARScotlandUnited Kingdom Nycomed GmbH 78467 ConstanceGermany Nycomed International Management GmbH 8152 ZurichSwitzerland

AIM: To investigate the influence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms on treatment outcomes with pantoprazole in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a real life setting. METHODS: For this prospective, open-label, multinational, multicentre study, 1888 patients assessed by the investigators as suffering from GERD were recruited. The patients were additionally classified as with or without IBS-like symptoms at baseline. They were treated with pantoprazole 40 mg once daily and completed the Reflux Questionnaire (ReQuest) short version daily. Response rates and symptom scores were compared after 4 and 8 wk of treatment for subgroups defined by the subclasses of GERD [erosive(ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)] and the presence of IBS-like symptoms. RESULTS: IBS-like symptoms were more prevalent in NERD than in ERD (18.3% vs 12.7%, P = 0.0015). Response rates after 4 and/or 8 wk of treatment were lower in patients with IBS-like symptoms than in patients without IBS-like symptoms in both ERD (Week 4: P < 0.0001, Week 8: P < 0.0339) and NERD (Week 8: P = 0.0088). At baseline, ReQuest "lower abdominal com- plaints" symptom scores were highest in NERD patients with IBS-like symptoms. Additionally, these patients had the strongest symptom improvement after treatment compared with all other subgroups. CONCLUSION: IBS-like symptoms influence treatment outcome and symptom burden in GERD and should be considered in management. Proton pump inhibitors can improve IBS-like symptoms, particularly in NERD.

关键词：症状治疗综合症反流食管胃质子泵抑制剂 IBS 肠

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Prediction of TBM jamming risk in squeezing grounds using Bayesian and artificial neural networks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 21-31页

作者： Rohola Hasanpour Jamal Rostami Jürgen schmitt Yilmaz Ozcelik Babak Sohrabian Institute for Tunneling and Construction Management Ruhr-University BochumBochumGermany Department of Mining Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Department of Civil Engineering Darmstadt University of Applied ScienceDarmstadtGermany Department of Mining Engineering Hacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey Faculty of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Urmia University of TechnologyUrmiaIran

This study presents an application of artificial neural network(ANN)and Bayesian network(BN)for evaluation of jamming risk of the shielded tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in adverse ground conditions such as squeezing *** analysis is based on database of tunneling cases by numerical modeling to evaluate the ground convergence and possibility of machine *** results of initial numerical analysis were verified in comparison with some case studies.A dataset was established by performing additional numerical modeling of various scenarios based on variation of the most critical parameters affecting shield *** includes compressive strength and deformation modulus of rock mass,tunnel radius,shield length,shield thickness,in situ stresses,depth of over-excavation,and skin friction between shield and *** the dataset,an ANN was trained to predict the contact pressures from a series of ground properties and machine ***,the continuous and discretized BNs were used to analyze the risk of shield *** results of these two different BN methods are compared to the field observations and summarized in this *** developed risk models can estimate the required thrust force in both *** BN models can also be used in the cases with incomplete geological and geomechanical properties.

关键词： Bayesian network(BN) Artificial neural network(ANN) Shielded tunnel boring machine(TBM) Jamming risk Numerical simulation Squeezing ground

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Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

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Optoelectronics Letters 2008年第2期4卷 140-142页

作者： Robert schmitt Tilo Pfeifer Frank Depiereux Niels Knig Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT) Steinbachstrasse 17 52074 Aachen Germany

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.

关键词：纤维光干扰术光检测技术测量方法

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Laser requirements for a laser fusion energy power plant

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2013年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： Stephen E.Bodner Andrew J.schmitt John D.Sethian 550 Carolina Meadows Villas Chapel Hill NC 27517United States Plasma Physics Division Naval Research LaboratoryWashington DC 20375United States

We will review some of the requirements for a laser that would be used with a laser fusion energy power plant, including frequency, spatial beam smoothing, bandwidth, temporal pulse shaping, efficiency, repetition rate, and reliability. The lowest risk and optimum approach uses a krypton fluoride gas laser. A diode-pumped solid-state laser is a possible contender.

关键词： laser fusion energy

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Review:DNA-damage response network at the crossroads of cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第6期8卷 377-397页

作者： schmitt Estelle PAQUET Claudie BEAUCHEMIN Myriam BERTRAND Richard Notre Dame Hospital and Montreal Cancer Institute Research Centre of University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM) Montreal (Que) H2L 4M1 Canada Notre Dame Hospital and Montreal Cancer Institute Research Centre of University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM) Montreal (Que) H2L 4M1 Canada Medicine Department University of Montreal Montreal (Que) H3C 3J7 Canada

Tissue homeostasis requires a carefully-orchestrated balance between cell proliferation, cellular senescence and cell death. Cells proliferate through a cell cycle that is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase activities. Cellular senescence is a safeguard program limiting the proliferative competence of cells in living organisms. Apoptosis eliminates unwanted cells by the coordinated activity of gene products that regulate and effect cell death. The intimate link between the cell cycle, cellular senes- cence, apoptosis regulation, cancer development and tumor responses to cancer treatment has become eminently apparent. Extensive research on tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes has revealed how the DNA damage-sensing and -signaling pathways, referred to as the DNA-damage response network, are tied to cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis. DNA-damage responses are complex, involving “sensor” proteins that sense the damage, and transmit signals to “transducer” proteins, which, in turn, convey the signals to numerous “effector” proteins implicated in specific cellular pathways, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins stands among the most crucial regulators of apoptosis and performs vital functions in deciding whether a cell will live or die after cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. In addition, several studies have now revealed that members of the Bcl-2 family also interface with the cell cycle, DNA repair/recombination and cellular senescence, effects that are generally distinct from their function in apoptosis. In this review, we report progress in understanding the molecular networks that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis after DNA damage, and discuss the influence of some Bcl-2 family members on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation.

关键词：细胞周期检查点细胞衰老细胞凋亡 DNA损伤响应网络

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Efficiency and degradation products elucidation of the photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl in water interface using TiO_2 P-25 and Hombikat UV100

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1686-1693页

作者： Amina Chnirheb Mourad Harir Basem Kanawati Mohammed El Azzouzi Istvan Gebefgi Philippe schmitt-Kopplin Department of BioGeoChemistry and Analytik German Research Center for Environmental HealthHelmholtz Center MunichIngoldstdter Landstraβe 1D-85764 NeuherbergGermany University Mohammed V-Agdal Faculty of SciencesAvenue Ibn BatoutaBP 1014 RabatMorocco. Lehrstuhl fr Chemische-Technische Analyse und Chemische Lebensmitteltechnologie Technische Universitt MuenchenWeihenstephaner Steig 2385354 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany

The photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl （MFD）, an herbicide safener, was investigated in aqueous suspensions by using Degussa P-25 and Hombikat UV100 titanium oxide under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of the herbicide, pH, catalysts and hydrogen peroxide doses as well as their combinations were studied and optimized. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were determined and the effectiveness of the processes was assessed by calculating the rate constants. A pseudo first-order kinetics was observed. Under experimental conditions, the degradation rate constants were strongly influenced using P-25 and no noticeable effect was observed for Hombikat UV100. DFT calculations with B3LYP/6-311＋G（2d,p）//B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） level of theory were performed to check whether significant conformational changes occur when the charge state of the MFD substrate changes and whether these changes could play a role in the dependency of photodegradation rate constant on the studied pH. High resolution mass spectrometry （FT-ICR/MS） was implemented to identify the main degradation products.

关键词： photodegradation mefenpyrdiethyl P-25/Hombikat UV100 kinetic degradation products

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