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Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric r.Hoglund Andrew r.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) aberrations

A higher-dimensional model of the nucleon-nucleon central potential

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第2期9卷 234-239页

作者： eric r. Hedin Department of Physics & Astronomy Ball State University Muncie IN 47306 USA

Based on a theory of extra dimensional confinement of quantum particles [E. r. Hedin, Physics Essays, 2012, 25（2）： 177], a simple model of a nucleon nucleon （NN） central potential is derived which quantitatively reproduces tile radial profile of other models, without adjusting any free pa- rameters. It is postulated that a higher-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator confining potential localizes particles into three-dimensional （3D） space, but allows for an ewmescent penetration of the particles into two higtmr spatial dimensions. Producing an effect identical with the relativistic quan- tum phenolnenon of zitterbewegung, the higher-dimensional oscillations of amplitude h（mc） call be alternatively viewed as a localized curvature of 3D space back and forth into the higher dimensions. The overall spatial curvature is proportional to the particle＇s extra-dimensional ground state wave function in tile higher-dimensional harmonic confining potential well. Minimizing the overlapping curvature （proportional to the energy） of two particles in proximity to each other, subject to the constraint that for the two particles to occupy the same spatial location one of them must be excited into the 1st excited state of the harmonic potential well, gives the desired NN potential. Specifying only the imcleon masses, the resulting potential well and repulsive core reproduces the radial profile of several published NN central potential models. In addition, the predicted height of the repulsive core, when used to estimate the maximum neutron star mass, matches well with the best estimates from relativistic theory incorporating standard nuclear matter equations of state. Nucleon spin, Coulomb interactions, and internal nucleon structure are not considered in the theory as presented in this article.

关键词： nucleon-nucleon potential higher-dimensional theory neutron star mass limit

Growth and Patterning of Pt Nanowires on Silicon Substrates

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Nano research 2008年第2期1卷 129-137页

作者： eric P.lee Younan Xia Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington UniversitySt.LouisMissouri 63130USA

This paper describes a simple procedure for growing dense fi lms of Pt nanowires directly on silicon substrates by modifying the surface through chemical or physical *** the former,a self-assembled monolayer of(3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane(MPTMS)is applied which can strongly bind Pt(0)nuclei to the surface through Pt S *** attached,the Pt(0)nuclei can act as catalytic sites for the growth of Pt nanowires along the〈111〉***,relief features are physically created on the surface in order to generate nucleation and binding sites for Pt(0)nuclei,due to the higher free energy associated with a rough ***,Pt nanowires have been successfully produced in well-defined patterns by scouring grooves on the silicon surface or by photochemically patterning the MPTMS monolayers with a shadow *** have also measured the electrochemical properties of these immobilized or patterned Pt *** results provide an effective route to producing dense fi lms of Pt nanowires with high surface areas for various electrochemical applications.

关键词： Platinum nanowires silicon patterned array high surface area electrochemistry

Sarcopenia and liver transplant: The relevance of too little muscle mass

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第39期21卷 10982-10993页

作者： eric r Kallwitz Loyola University

Loss of muscle mass and function is a common occurrence in both patients with decompensated cirrhosis and those undergoing liver transplantation. Sarcopenia is associated with morbidity and mortality before and after liver transplantation. The ability of skeletal muscle mass to recover after transplant isquestionable, and long term adverse events associated with persistent sarcopenia have not been well studied. Limited data is available examining mechanisms by which decreased muscle mass might develop. It is not clear which interventions might reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated health burdens. However, measures to either decrease portal hypertension or improve nutrition appear to have benefit. research on sarcopenia in the liver transplant setting is hampered by differing methodology to quantify muscle mass and varied thresholds determining the presence of sarcopenia. One area highlighted in this review is the heterogeneity used when defining sarcopenia. The health consequences, clinical course and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of sarcopenia in the setting of cirrhosis and liver transplantation are further discussed.

关键词： Sarcopenia Liver transplantation Cirrhosis Body co

Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第28期18卷 3627-3634页

作者： eric r Kallwitz Section of Hepatology University of Illinois Chicago IL 60612 United States

The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. Currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.

关键词： Liver transplantation Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemias Hypertension Metabolic syndrome X Obesity Hypertension Immunosuppression

recurrent hepatitis C virus after transplant and the importance of plasma cells on biopsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 158-160页

作者： eric r Kallwitz Section of Hepatology Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIL 60153United States

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United *** recurs universally after transplant but the rate of fibrosis and the development of graft failure is *** donor and recipient features have been demonstrated to impact *** cell hepatitis,a histologic finding,is one feature associated with poor graft and patient *** pathogenic mechanism resulting in plasma cell hepatitis is poorly understood,with evidence suggesting a role for both the HCV and the immune system.A recent publication described plasma cell hepatitis in a larger context of immune medicated graft dysfunction in transplant recipients receiving interferon based *** manuscript will highlight the topic of plasma cell hepatitis and provide commentary on the lack of recognition,the data regarding pathophysiologic mechanisms and the potential management options.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Plasma cells Biopsy Sustained virological response

role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 22-28页

作者： eric r Kallwitz Alan McLachlan Scott J Cotler Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is highly prevalent and can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A growing body of literature implicates the peroxisome proliferators- activated receptors （PPArs） in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. These nuclear hormone receptors impact on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance. The aim of this review is to describe the data linking PPArα and PPArT to NAFLD/NASH and to discuss the use of PPAr ligands for the treatment of NASH.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors Insulin resiatance Metabolic syndrome Pharmacologic ligands

High efficiency GHz laser processing with long bursts

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第1期5卷 202-210页

作者： eric Audouard eric Mottay Amplitude PessacFrance

Bursts of GHz repetition rate pulses involve more ablation mechanisms than single femtosecond *** ablation by GHz laser pulses is a multi-step process,consisting of a first thermal incubation phase,followed by a highly efficient ablation *** ablation therefore combines thermal and non-thermal ablation *** an optimal choice of the burst duration,the ablation efficiency can be highly *** bursts,comprising tens of pulses to hundreds of pulses,are needed to take full advantage of the increase in ablation efficiency.

关键词： femtosecond laser temporal pulses shaping GHz bursts femtosecond processing

Advantages of QWIP technology in infrared thermal cameras

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应用光学 2017年第2期38卷 298-303页

作者： eric Belhaire regis Pichon Thales Optronique SAS 2 avenue Gay-Lussac Elaneourt 78995 France

Standard GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIP)have been seriously considered as atechnological choice for the 3^(rd) generation of thermal imagers in the long wave infrared band(LWIr)for some *** technology like MCT(HgCdTe)was the technology choice of the 2^(nd) generation because of its high quantum *** the paper,measurements on the QWIP technology will be presented and a comparison with alternative technology will be done.

关键词： infrared detectors image sensors quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIP)