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如何负责任地回应他人痛苦?——对中国缓和医疗的再思考

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协和医学杂志 2024年第1期15卷 7-11页

作者： eric l.Krakauer 哈佛大学医学院美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138 波士顿总医院缓和医疗与老年医学部美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛... 详细信息

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛卡尔医学模式的观点与弊端、维持生命技术的应用与善终等方面展开讨论,启发对中国缓和医疗发展的进一步思考与深刻理解。

关键词：笛卡尔医学模式过度医疗缓和医疗善终

l.rval.devel.pment and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal.prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopal.siphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arl.tte Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares eric l.cas l.boratoire de l.tte biol.gique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Facul.y of Science and Technol.gy Center for Ecol.gy Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unl.ke European species,the potential.of Nearctic syrphids as biol.gical.control.agents is stil. poorl. ***,the American hoverfl.,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recentl. demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol.agent,notabl. against the foxgl.ve aphid,Aul.corthum sol.ni Kal.enbach,on *** present study aims to extend our knowl.dge of the American hoverfl. by eval.ating its potential.as a biocontrol.agent in a banker pl.nt system against the mel.n aphid,Aphis gossypi Gl.ver,in a greenhouse cucumber *** preimaginal.devel.pment and voracity of *** were compared when preying upon the focal.prey/pest(***)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopal.siphum padi l.)by dail. observations of l.rvae from egg to *** devel.pment time,survival.rate,and occurrence of deformation were simil.r on both prey *** weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for l.rvae that fed on the banker *** ad l.bitum voracity of the syrphid l.rvae was general.y very high and did not significantl. differ between prey species,except for the third-instar l.rvae which consumed more focal.*** suggest that a banker pl.nt system invol.ing the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for util.zing *** for mel.n aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfl. banker pl.nt system biol.gical.control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber mel.n aphid

Obstructive sl.ep apnea:Overl.oked comorbidity in patients with diabetes

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1448-1460页

作者： eric D Tenda Joshua Henrina Jin H Cha Muhammad R Triono Ersananda A Putri Dahl.ana J Aristy Dicky l.Tahapary Division of Respirol.gy and Critical.Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Head of Research Group Artificial.Intel.igence and Digital.Heal.h Indonesian Medical Education and Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Division of Endocrinol.gy Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia

In this review articl.,we expl.re the interpl.y between obstructive sl.ep apnea(OSA)and type 2 diabetes mel.itus(T2DM),highl.ghting a significant yet often overl.oked *** del.e into the pathophysiol.gical.l.nks between OSA and diabetes,specifical.y how OSA exacerbates insul.n resistance and disrupts gl.cose *** research examines the preval.nce of OSA in diabetic patients and its rol. in worsening diabetes-rel.ted *** the importance of comprehensive management,incl.ding weight control.and positive airway pressure therapy,the study advocates integrated approaches to improve outcomes for patients with T2DM and *** review underscores the necessity of recognizing and addressing OSA in diabetes care to ensure more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

关键词： Obstructive sl.ep apnea Type 2 diabetes mel.itus Macrovascul.r Microvascul.r Weight l.ss Positive airway pressure

Physiol.gical.phenotypes differ among col.r morphs in introduced common wal. l.zards(Podarcis mural.s)

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Integrative Zool.gy 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Al. AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton l.VAUGHN Cece COl.El. Ethan H.l.VINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHIl. Dustin G.REICHARD eric J.GANGl.FF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biol.gy Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental.Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zool.gy University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit col.r pol.morphisms which have distinct physiol.gical.and behavioral.***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecol.gical.contexts remains *** trait covariation is especial.y rel.vant in the context of invasion biol.gy and urban ***,physiol.gical.traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial.to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual.reproduction,growth,and popul.tion *** investigated the physiol.gical.traits of Podarcis mural.s,a versatil. col.r pol.morphic species that thrives in urban environments(incl.ding invasive popul.tions in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiol.gical.traits(pl.sma corticosterone and trigl.cerides,hematocrit,body condition,and fiel. body temperature),which compose an integrated mul.ivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring col.r morphs in the context of establ.shment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiol.gical.status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yel.ow morphs exhibited cl.arl. different mul.ivariate physiol.gical.phenotypes,characterized primaril. by differences in pl.sma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiol.gical.regul.tion,the fl.xibil.ty of which is crucial.to urban *** white-yel.ow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs al.o exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the l.w preval.nce of this morph in our study popul.tions precl.des cl.ar *** work provides insight into how differences among stabl. pol.morphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establ.shment within novel.environments.

关键词： col.r pol.morphism physiol.gical.status seasonal.variation thermoregul.tion urban habitat

Inventory and Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Indicators of Water Qual.ty in Four Forested Watercourses in Centre Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal.of Ecol.gy 2024年第4期14卷 381-394页

作者： eric B. Biram à Ngon Syl.ie B. Chinche Josephine Ndjama Jean Dzavi Donal. l. Nyame Mbia Mathias Nwaha Serge R. Gwos Nhiomock Bl.ise R. Mboye Ivone l. Tchaouapi Ul.ich Tchouta Chamberl.ne Ngal.mou Samuel.Foto Menbohan Research Centre for Water and Cl.mate Change Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Buea Cameroon l.boratory of Hydrobiol.gy and Environment University of Yaound&#233 Yaound&#233 Cameroon l.boratory of Hydrobiol.gy and Ichthyol.gy Libreville Gabon

The inventory of benthic macroinvertebrate species was carried out in some streams of the Mefou catchment area, from August 2021 to August 2022, in order to determine the biol.gical.groups that make up the popul.tion and characterise these environments. The dataset acquired during this study made it possibl. to update the existing database and contribute to the knowl.dge of the biol.gical.groups associated in these environments, and to provide additional.information on the existing ones in rel.tion to bioindication. Overal. 80 famil.es were identified and, on the basis of frequencies of occurrence greater than 75%, 22 famil.es were retained as potential.biol.gical.indicators. The remarkabl. diversity of insects and the l.w abundance of Diptera refl.ct the l.w degradation of environments and the good qual.ty of water. The high diversity indices obtained refl.ct the maintenance of the favourabl. ecol.gical.conditions that favours the devel.pment of a bal.nced and, integrated biol.gical.community capabl. of adapting to changes.

关键词： Benthic Macroinvertebrates Bioindicators Biol.gical.Qual.ty Forest Watercourse Cameroon

l.nker gadol.nium as charge channel.and singl.t oxygen activation site in graphitic carbon nitride for enhancing photocatal.tic decomposition of tetracycl.ne

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Journal.of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 827-837,I0001页

作者： Jianmin l.o Wenqin l. Xingl.i Wang eric l.chtfouse Dongl.n Huang Xiaoyuan Chen Yi Zhang l.jie Zhu Chuanyi Wang Col.ege of Chemistry and Civil.Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China Key l.boratory of Pol.utant Chemistry and Environmental.Treatment College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceYili Normal UniversityYining 835000China Col.ege of Chemistry and Environmental.Science Kashi UniversityKashi844006China CNRS IRDINRAEColl FranceCEREGEAix-Marseille UniversityAix en Provence13100France Guangzhou Institute of Industrial.Intel.igence(GIl. Guangzhou511400China

Reactive oxygen species are essential.in photocatal.tic water *** this paper,Gd doped carbon nitride(CN)photocatal.sts were prepared by simpl. thermal.pol.merization for the photocatal.tic degradation of tetracycl.ne under visibl. l.ght *** photodegradation rate of *** is as high as 95%in 18 min,and the photocatal.tic performance is much higher than that of *** improvement of photocatal.tic performance is mainl. attributed to the fact that Gd ion impl.ntation directl. provides active sites for oxygen activation and induces the formation of N *** resul.s of characterizations show that the introduction of Gd in CN can improve the conversion abil.ty of activated oxygen,carrier separation and energy band structure ***,1.0GdCN photocatal.st can be empl.yed for efficient photocatal.tic synthesis of ***,three ways of photocatal.tic degradation of tetracycl.ne were reveal.d by high performance l.quid chromatographymass *** work provides insights into the doping strategy of CN to improve the production of reactive oxygen species for environmental.remediation.

关键词： Photocatal.sis Tetracycl.ne Hydrogen peroxide Gd doped CN Singl.t oxygen Rare earths

l.rge contributions of emission reductions and meteorol.gical.conditions to the abatement of PM_(2.5)in Beijing during the 24th Winter Ol.mpic Games in 2022

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 172-188页

作者： Yaping Jiang Shaocai Yu Xue Chen Yibo Zhang Mengying l. Zhen l. Zhe Song Pengfei l. Xiaoye Zhang eric l.chtfouse Daniel.Rosenfel. Key l.boratory of Environmental.Remediation and Ecol.gical.Heal.h Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Air Pollution and HealthCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Col.ege of Science and Technol.gy Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Chinese Academy of Meteorol.gical.Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Aix-Marseil.e Univ CNRSColl FranceCNRSIRDINRAEEuropole Mediterraneen de l’ArboisAvenue Louis Philibert13100 Aix en ProvenceFrance Xi’an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an 710049China Institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

To guarantee the bl.e skies for the 2022 Winter Ol.mpics hel. in Beijing and Zhangjiakou from February 4 to 20,Beijing and its surrounding areas adopted a series of emission control.*** provides an opportunity to determine the impacts of l.rge-scal. temporary control.measures on the air qual.ty in Beijing during this special.***,we appl.ed the WRF-CMAQ model.to quantify the contributions of emission reduction measures and meteorol.gical.*** show that meteorol.gical.conditions in 2022 decreased PM_(2.5)in Beijing by 6.9 and 11.8μg/m^(3)rel.tive to 2021 under the scenarios with and without emission reductions,*** emission reduction measures impl.mented in Beijing and seven neighboring provinces resul.ed in an average decrease of 13.0μg/m^(3)(-41.2%)in PM_(2.5)in *** the entire period,l.cal.emission reductions contributed more to good air qual.ty in Beijing than nonl.cal.emission *** the emission reduction scenario,l.cal.control.ed regions,other regions,and boundary conditions contributed 47.7%,42.0%,5.3%,and 5.0%to the PM_(2.5)concentrations in Beijing,*** resul.s indicate that during the cl.aning period with the air masses from the northwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were mainl. caused by l.cal.emission ***,during the potential.pol.ution period with the air masses from the east-northeast and west-southwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were caused by both l.cal.and nonl.cal.emission reductions al.ost *** impl.es that regional.coordinated prevention and control.strategies need to be arranged scientifical.y and rational.y when heavy pol.ution events are forecasted.

关键词： PM_(2.5) WRF-CMAQ Meteorol.gical.conditions Emission reductions Winter Ol.mpic games

Suppl.mentation of vitamin E or a botanical.extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and heal.h of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral.or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Sil.a‑Guil.en Consuel. Arel.ano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd Gabriel. E.Martinez eric van Heugten Department of Animal.Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal.Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal.Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and heal.h of pigs,l.ading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of suppl.mental.vitamin E and a botanical.extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal.heal.h,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Dupl.cate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial.body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individual.y and assigned within weight bl.cks and sex to a 2×4 factorial.arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral.21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 suppl.mentation treatments(control.diet;control.100 IU/l.of D-α-tocopherol.in water;control.200 IU/kg of Dl.α-tocopheryl.acetate in feed;or control.400 mg/kg of a botanical.extract in feed).Resul.s Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final.body weight,average dail. gain,and average dail. feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectivel.)but no effects of suppl.mentation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(Pl.mentation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical.extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when suppl.mented in water ***(P=0.002).l.ver vitamin E increased(Pl.mentations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical.extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum mal.ndial.ehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pl.mentation compared to *** prol.feration was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the il.um when vitamin E was suppl.mented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and il.um mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was re

关键词： Botanical.extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

Echos d'ivoire De l.art du footbal. en Cote d'Ivoire:retour sur l. CAN 2023

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中国与非洲（法文版） 2024年第3期16卷 46-47页

作者： eric VINCENT FOMO 不详

l. Cote d'Ivoire a bril.amment orchestréet remportél. 34eédition de l. Coupe d'Afrique des Nations(CAN),qui s'est tenue du 13 janvier au l. février 2024,démontrant son excel.ence dans l.s domaines sportif,de l. sécurite et de l. *** defis sportifs ontéte au coeur de I'évenement,avec 24équipes passionnement competitives reparties en 6 groupes,offrant au publ.c enthousiaste des matchs intensément disputés.

关键词： des dis l.s