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Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i>and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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Open j.urnal of Animal Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 150-158页

作者： eric j. wagner Randall W. Oplinger Matthew Bartley G Fisheries Experiment Station Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Logan USA

The effect of penicillin-G on Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, was evaluated in 15 min and overnight exposures. Separate tests evaluated the effect of increasing doses of penicillin-G to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs, fingerlings, and adults. Rainbow trout eggs were exposed for 1 h to penicillin doses of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 10,000, 50,000, or 100,000 IU/mL. Mean percent hatch ranged from 64.6% to 75.1%, and did not significantly differ among the treatments. Fingerlings were inj.cted intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μL of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, or 500,000 IU/mL. Probit analysis resulted in a LD10 (lethal dose for 10% of inj.cted fish) of 52,868 IU/mL (95% confidence limits: 31,522 - 69,490 IU/mL) and a LD50 of 131,466 IU/mL (113,095 - 157,878 IU/mL). Brood stock were inj.cted (i.p.) with 200 μL of penicillin at concentrations of 0 (control), 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, 400,000, or 800,000 IU/mL. Mortality ranged from 0% to 7% (50,000 IU/mL treatment) and did not significantly differ among treatments. In 28 h exposure tests, penicillin concentrations of ≥ 333 IU/mL were required to completely suppress growth of F. psychrophilum. In 15 min exposures, ≥ 10,000 IU/mL were needed to achieve the same result. Tests indicated that rainbow trout eggs can tolerate 1 h exposures to penicillin-G concentrations as high as 100,000 IU/mL, and that brood fish can tolerate inj.ctions of at least 800,000 IU/mL. Fingerling data however, suggested that inj.ction of doses greater than 10,000 IU/mL can be toxic. The data suggests rainbow trout eggs or brood can tolerate high doses of penicillin-G that could be used for controlling the transfer of F. psychrophilum to hatcheries receiving eggs.

关键词： Flavobacterium psychrophilum Penicillin Antibiotics Toxicity Drug Safety

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Chromate and selenate hydrocalumite solid solutions and their applications in waste treatment

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 165-173页

作者： eric j. Reardon Department of Earth Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1

Hydrocalumite, a calcium aluminate hydrate phase, consists of positively-charged structure units, and is therefore an ideal candidate for accommodating anionic contaminants. In this study, a series of batch experiments was carried out to examine the uptake of chromate and selenate by hydrocalumite. To determine the uptake capacity and long-term stability, hydrocalumite solid solutions between chromate/selenate and hydroxyl were synthesized over a reaction time of more than one year. At a ratio of water to initial solids added (CaAl2O4+CaO) of 75: 1, the maximum uptake capacities were over 77 and 114 g/kg for Cr and Se, *** values are very close to the theoretical uptake capacities of chromate and selenate hydrocalumite end-members (81 and 118 g/kg, respectively). The oxyanion removal efficiency from solution was above 95%. Due to the high uptake capacity and anion removal efficiency of hydrocalumites, their application in wastewater treatment is promising. Hydrocalumites are also important hydration products of cementitious materials and the long-term stability of these phases is of significance for application in solidification/stabilization technology.

关键词： chromate, selenate, hydrocalumite, uptake capacity, stability.

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Alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and its role in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第1期8卷 61-72页

作者： Fuwen Yuan William Hankey eric j.wagner Wei Li Qianben Wang Department of Pathology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTX77555USA Department of Biological Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA

Alternative polyadenylation(APA)is a molecular process that generates diversity at the 3′end of RNA polymeraseⅡtranscripts from over 60%of human *** is derived from the existence of multiple polyadenylation signals(PAS)within the same transcript,and results in the differential inclusion of sequence information at the 3′*** APA can occur between two PASs allowing for generation of transcripts with distinct coding potential from a single gene,most APA occurs within the untranslated region(3′UTR)and changes the length and content of these non-coding *** within the 3′UTR can have tremendous impact on its regulatory potential of the mRNA through a variety of mechanisms,and indeed this layer of gene expression regulation has profound impact on processes vital to cell growth and *** studies have particularly highlighted the importance of APA dysregulation in cancer onset and ***,we review the current knowledge of APA and its impacts on mRNA stability,translation,localization and protein *** also discuss the implications of APA dysregulation in cancer research and therapy.

关键词： 3′untranslated region Alternative polyadenylation Cancer Gene regulation Polyadenylation signals

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An ensemble method for gene discovery based on DNA microarray data

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第5期47卷 396-405页

作者： Kathy L. MOSER eric j. TOPOL Department of Medicine Institute of Human Genetics University of Minnesota Minnesota 55455 USA Center for Cardiovascular Genetics Department of Cardiovascular Medicine the Cleveland Clinic Foundation 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44195 USADepartment of Molecular Cardiology the Cleveland Clinic Foundation 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44195 USA

The advent of DNA microarray technology has offered the promise of casting new insights onto deciphering secrets of life by monitoring activities of thousands of genes simulta-neously. Current analyses of microarray data focus on precise classification of biological types, for example, tumor versus normal tissues. A further scientific challenging task is to extract dis-ease-relevant genes from the bewildering amounts of raw data, which is one of the most critical themes in the post-genomic era, but it is generally ignored due to lack of an efficient approach. In this paper, we present a novel ensemble method for gene extraction that can be tailored to fulfill multiple biological tasks including (i) precise classification of biological types; (ii) disease gene mining; and (iii) target-driven gene networking. We also give a numerical application for (i) and (ii) using a public microarrary data set and set aside a separate paper to address (iii).

关键词： microarrays,ensemble decision,recursive partition tree,feature gene selection.

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Development and application of molecular gut-content analysis to detect aphid and coccinellid predation by Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rondoni Kacie j. Athey j.mes D. Harwood eric Contit Carlo Ricci j.hn j. Obrycki Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and Department of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

Despite their positive effect in reducing pest populations, exotic generalist predators sometimes become invasive and contribute to the displacement of indigenous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked intraguild predation （IGP） to these interactions, field evidence and quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） in Italy raises concern about the detrimental effect that the ladybird could have on native coccinellids. Here we assessed, under laboratory conditions, the acceptability and suitability of eggs of 2 native ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata L. and Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyridis larvae. Then we developed primers for molecular gut-content analysis to detect predation by H. axyridis on the 2 ladybirds and on the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were developed for the 3 species and laboratory feeding trials were conducted to quantify the rate of prey DNA breakdown in the gut of//. axyridis. Moreover, to field evaluate primers, H. axyridis 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected from linden trees in northern Italy and screened for the presence of prey DNA. Seventy-three percent and 7% of field collected H. axyridis were positive for aphid and coccinellid DNA, respectively. Predation upon aphid and A. bipunctata was lower than predicted if density dependent consumption was expected, while predation upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provided the first evidence of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyridis and indigenous ladybird beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

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Population-scale genetic control of alternative polyadenylation and its association with human diseases

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Quantitative Biology 2022年第1期10卷 44-54页

作者： Lei Li Yumei Li Xudong Zou Fuduan Peng Ya Cui eric j.wagner Wei Li Institute of Systems and Physical Biology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China Division of Computational Biomedicine Department of Biological ChemistrySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

Background:Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified thousands of genomic non-coding variants statistically associated with many human traits and diseases,including ***,the functional interpretation of these non-coding variants remains a significant challenge in the post-GWAS *** polyadenylation(APA)plays an essential role in post-transcriptional regulation for most human *** employing different poly(A)sites,genes can either shorten or extend the 3'-UTRs that contain cu-regulatory elements such as miRNAs or RNA-binding protein binding ***,APA can affect the mRNA stability,translation,and cellular localization of ***-scale studies have revealed many inherited genetic variants that potentially impact APA to further influence disease susceptibility and phenotypic diversity,but systematic computational investigations to delineate the connections are in their earliest ***:Here,we discuss the evolving definitions of the genetic basis of APA and the modern genomics tools to identify,characterize,and validate the genetic influences of APA events in human *** also explore the emerging and surprisingly complex molecular mechanisms that regulate APA and summarize the genetic control of APA that is associated with complex human diseases and ***:APA is an intermediate molecular phenotype that can translate human common non-coding variants to individual phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility.

关键词： GWAS eQTL disease alternative polyadenylation

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Gαq takes centre stage in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 401-402页

作者： eric j.Downer School of Medicine Discipline of PhysiologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity Col-lege Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

There is no cure for multiple sclerosis （MS）; however, a number of strategies exist for disease management, including medications that reduce the frequency of relapses and long-term accrual of disability.1 However, the fact that MS therapies can be partially effective and have the risk of side effects, in addition to the observation that disability often continues to worsen despite immunotherapy, has highlighted the need for novel therapeutic targets in the disease.

关键词： Gαq centre stage multiple sclerosis

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Microstructural evolution of a heat-treated H23 tool steel

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International j.urnal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第3期22卷 272-284页

作者： Meilinda Nurbanasari Panos Tsakiropoulos eric j.Palmiere Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield

The microstructure and the stability of carbides after heat treatments in an H23 tool steel were investigated. The heat treatments consisted of austenization at two different austenizing temperatures （1100℃ and 1250℃）, followed by water quenching and double-aging at 650℃, 750℃, and 800℃with air cooling between the first and second aging treatments. Martensite did not form in the as-quenched micro- structures, which consisted of a ferrite matrix, M6C, M7C3, and MC carbides. The double-aged microstructures consisted of a ferrite matrix and MC, M6C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. Secondary hardening as a consequence of secondary precipitation of fine M2C carbides did not occur. There was disagreement between the experimental microstructure and the results of thermodynamic calculations. The highest double-aged hardness of the H23 tool steel was 448 HV after austenization at 1250℃ and double-aging at 650℃, which suggested that this tool steel should be used at temperatures below 650℃.

关键词： tool steel microstruc^ral evolution heat treatment carbides stability hardness

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Essential biology Neil A. Campbell, j.ne B. Reece, eric j. Simon. 2nd ed.

Essential biology Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Eric J. S...

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2004年

作者： Neil A. Campbell j.ne B. Reece eric j. Simon.

Student CD-ROM includes: Activities, process of sciences, quizzes, flashcards, glossary.

ISBN: (纸本)0805374957

Student CD-ROM includes: Activities, process of sciences, quizzes, flashcards, glossary.

关键词： Biology.

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Trap catches of the sweetpotato whitefly （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） in the Imperial Valley, California, from 1996 to 2002

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 165-170页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU EDWARD BARNES eric T. NATWICK TIAN-YECHEN DAVID RITTER THOMAS j. HENNEBERRY USDA ARS U.S. ALARC Maricopa Arizona E1 Centro California USA Agricultural Research Cotton Inc. Cary North Carolina E1 Centro California USA University of California Cooperative Extension DANR Holtville California E1 Centro California USA Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner' s Office E1 Centro California USA

An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）, biotype B occurred in the Imperial Valley, California in 1991. The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. As a result of the need for sampling technology, we developed a whitefly trap （named the CC trap） that could be left in the field for extended time periods. We used the traps to monitor populations ofB. tabaci adults during year-round samplings from 1996 to 2002 to study variations in the weekly trap catches of the insect. The greatest number ofB. tabaci adults was recorded in 1996, followed by a continuing annual decrease in trap catches each year through 2002. The overall decline of B. tabaci is attributed in part to the adoption of an integrated pest management （IPM） program initiated in 1992 and reduced melon hectares from 1996 to 2002. Other factors may also have contributed to the population reductions. Seasonally, B. tabaci trap catches decreased during the late summer and fall concurrent with decreasing minimum tempera- tares that are suggested to be a significant factor affecting seasonal activity and reproduction.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B CC trap cotton melons ornamentals

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