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Towards a systematic understanding of blockchain governance in proposal voting: A dash case study

Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第3期3卷 89-99页

作者： Lawrence Mosley Hieu Pham Xiaoshi Guo Yogesh Bansal eric hare Nadia Antony Omni Analytics Group AmesIA50014USA College of Business The University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL35899USA Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50014USA Omni Analytics Innovative Technologies Initiative AmesIA50014USA

The transparent and immutable nature of blockchain provides incentives for organizations wishing to create and implement an open,decentralized governance *** members exercise their voting rights,a fault-tolerant record accumulates on the blockchain that can be analyzed to diagnose and intercept potential threats to the governing *** date,there has not been a systematic study of on-chain governance with respect to *** this paper,we provide an analysis of blockchain governance through a case study of the first cryptocurrency to adopt on-chain voting,*** analysis introduces the key characteristics of blockchain governance,steps through a data-driven exploration of Dash's on-chain voting system,and highlights exploitable attack vectors and vulnerabilities for the subversion of Dash's on-chain voting system via a novel network analysis *** then conclude with guidelines for other organizations looking to implement similar blockchain governance solutions while maintaining integrity in their operations.

关键词： Decentralized governance Blockchain Voting systems Data mining Network analysis

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Short-Term Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Uncontrolled Grazing on Species Abundance, Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in an Invaded Area by Euryops floribundus in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 321-333页

作者： Sive Tokozwayo eric Cofie Timpong-Jones Keletso Mopipi Masibonge Gxasheka Unathi Gulwa Siza Mthi Mthunzi Mndela Mzwethu Dastile Azile Dumani Department of Rural Development & Agrarian Reform D&#246hne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Livestock and Poultry Research Center School of Agriculture College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Range and Forage Resources Botswana University of Agriculture & Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana Department of Plant Production Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering University of Limpopo Polokwane South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Queenstown South Africa Department of Livestock & Pasture University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Cradock South Africa

Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m2 quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha-1) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha-1). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.

关键词： Dry Matter Yield Crude Protein Nutritive Value Relative Frequency

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Influence of Tree Density on Vegetation Composition and Soil Chemical Properties in Savanna Rangeland of Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 991-1002页

作者： Sive Tokozwayo Keletso Mopipi eric Cofie Timpong-Jones Department of Rural Development & Agrarian Reform D&#246 hne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim Eastern Cape South Africa Department of Livestock & Pasture University of Fort Hare Alice Eastern Cape South Africa Livestock and Poultry Research Center School of Agriculture College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana

The proliferation of woody species alters the vegetation structure, leading to loss of rangeland productivity. It aimed to assess the influence of tree density on vegetation and soil chemical properties at three levels of encroachment;open, moderate and dense. Each level of encroachment was replicated 3 times, a 5000 m2 plot was marked per replicate. Four belt transects 200 m2 were placed per plot. Woody species within each belt transect per replicate were identified and recorded to evaluate woody species composition. Grass species composition was assessed using a step point method. Soil was sampled per replicate and analysed for chemical properties. Results showed that 71% of grasses were increasers and 29% decreasers. Digitaria eriantha and Eragrostis obtusa were the most dominant species. Vachellia karoo and Aloe ferox were the most dominant woody species. The dense had high nitrogen (1.48%) compared to the moderate (0.23%) and the open (0.17%). Increaser species, soil carbon, soil pH increased with the increase of tree density. It was concluded that the replacement of highly palatable grasses with inferior ones was due to improper rangeland management practices. It was recommended that land users form rangeland management associations and set up conservation agreements for proper management of resources.

关键词： Encroachment Composition Density Rangeland

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