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Influences of Rainfall and Temperature on Malaria Endemicity in Cameroon: Emphasis on Bonaberi district

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第3期10卷 46-66页

作者： Sharlot Fosah Amelie d. Mbouna eric Efon doroty Fosah Achu Lenouo Andre Alain M. dikande department of Physics University of Buea Buea Cameroon department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon National Malaria Program Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Relating the influence of climate on the occurrence of a vector-borne disease like malaria quantitatively is quite challenging. To better understand the disease endemicity, the effects of climate variables on the distribution of malaria in Cameroon are studied over space and time, with emphasis on the Bonaberi district. Meteorological monitoring can lead to proactive control. The government of Cameroon, through the National Control Malaria Program, has put in place strategies to control and stop the spread of the disease. This study is therefore geared towards assessing the yearly parasite ratio of malaria over the ten regions of Cameroon and to work out the influence of rainfall and temperature on disease endemicity with emphasis on a district of douala. The model used is the VECTRI model, which shows the dynamic link between climatic variables and malaria transmission. The parasite ratio observed and simulated showed a maximum correlation of 0.75 in 2015. A positive relationship between temperature, rainfall and malaria is revealed in this study but Bonaberi has malaria all year round. The West region is the least affected by malaria. We recommend that For the VECTRI model to perform better, the population could be incorporated in the model.

关键词： Malaria Parasite Ratio Malaria Modeling Climate Variables

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Combining infrared and mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy： Application to the study of lipid vesicles inside Streptomyces bacteria

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1674-1681页

作者： Pauline Vitry Rolando Rebois eric Bourillot Ariane deniset-Besseau Marie-Joelle Virolle~ eric Lesniewska Alexandre dazzi ICB UMR CNRS 6303 University ofBourgogne Franche Comte 21078 Dijon France LCP UMR CNRS 8000 University Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay France 12BC UMR CNRS 9198 University Paris-Sud 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette France

We propose a new analytical approach combining vibrational spectroscopy and acoustic tomography for the detection and characterization of vesicles inside Streptomyces bacteria. Using atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy （AFM-IR）, we detect the presence of triglyceride vesicles. Their sizes in depth are measured with high accuracy using mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy （MS-AFM）. We conducted a comparative study of AFM-IR and MS-AFM, and highlighted the advantages of the coupling of these techniques in having a full characterization （chemical, topographical, and volumetric） of a biological sample. With these complementary techniques, a complete access to the vesicle size distribution has been achieved with an accuracy of less than 50 nm. A 3d reconstruction of bacteria showing the in-depth distribution of vesicles is given to underline the great potential of the acoustic method.

关键词： nanoscale sudsurtace imaging atomic force microscop~ acoustic microscopy infrared microscopy biology

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Engineering Nannochloropsis oceanica for the production of diterpenoid compounds

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 428-437页

作者： Zhi-Yan du Wajid W.Bhat eric Poliner Sean Johnson Conor Bertucci Eva Farre Bjoern Hamberger department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA New England Biolabs Inc. 240 County Roadlpswich01938 MAUSA

Photosynthetic microalgae like Nannochloropsis hold enormous potential as sustainable,light-driven biofactories for the production of high-value natural products such as *** oceanica is distinguished as a particularly robust host with extensive genomic and transgenic resources *** capacity to grow in wastewater,brackish,and sea waters,coupled with advances in microalgal metabolic engineering,genome editing,and synthetic biology,provides an excellent *** the present work,we demonstrate how *** can be engineered to produce the diterpene casbene—an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of pharmacologically relevant macrocyclic *** accumulated after stably expressing and targeting the casbene synthase from daphne genkwa(dgTPS1)to the algal *** engineered strains yielded production titers of up to 0.12 mg g^(−1) total dry cell weight(dCW)*** overexpression and chloroplast targeting of two upstream rate-limiting enzymes in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway,Coleus forskohlii 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes,further enhanced the yield of casbene to a titer up to 1.80 mg g^(−1) *** results presented here form a basis for further development and production of complex plant diterpenoids in microalgae.

关键词： casbene microalgae plastid targeting synthetic biology terpene synthase

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determination of Nutrient Contents in the Leaf Litter of <i>diospyros crassiflora</i>S. (Hiern-FWTA) Plantation in Okwuta-Ibeku, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 162-176页

作者： Bruno Iniobong Nsien eric Etim Offiong Pretty Henry dan Esther Ewongoabasi eric Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan Nigeria department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

determination of nutrient contents in diospyros crassiflora leaf litter was carried out in the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Okwuta-Ibeku, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. Three 1 m × 1 m trays were randomly positioned for collection of leaf litter production from 4/5 years old Diospyros crassiflora species in each block (10 m × 25 m) within the plantation totaling 1.5 ha. A Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was used to study the mean monthly leaf litterfall of Diospyros crassiflora. Leaf litter was collected from each of the three litter trays per block and placed in paper bags every 28th day of each month from January-December in 2016 and in 2017. Fifteen grammes (15 g) of properly mixed and oven-dried samples of D. crassiflora leaf litter were milled and sieved in 1

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Structure of the 40S ribosomal subunit of Plasmodium falciparum by homology and de novo modeling

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第1期7卷 97-105页

作者： Harrison Ndung'u Mwangi Peter Wagacha peterson Mathenge Fredrick Sijenyi Francis Mulaa Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Chiromo CampusUniversity of Nairobi.HEP Bioinformatics Consultants Ltd. department of Computing Informatics University of Nairobi dNA Software Inc. department of Biochemistry Riverside DriveChiromo CampusUniversity of Nairobi

Generation of three dimensional structures of macromolecules using in silico structural modeling technologies such as homology and de novo modeling has improved dramatically and increased the speed by which tertiary structures of organisms can be generated. This is especially the case if a homologous crystal structure is already available. High-resolution structures can be rapidly created using only their sequence information as input, a process that has the potential to increase the speed of scientific discovery. In this study, homology modeling and structure prediction tools such as RNA123 and SWISS–MOdEL were used to generate the 40 S ribosomal subunit from Plasmodium falciparum. This structure was modeled using the published crystal structure from Tetrahymena thermophila, a homologous eukaryote. In the absence of the Plasmodium falciparum 40 S ribosomal crystal structure, the model accurately depicts a global topology, secondary and tertiary connections, and gives an overall root mean square deviation(RMSd) value of 3.9 ? relative to the template's crystal structure. deviations are somewhat larger in areas with no homology between the templates. These results demonstrate that this approach has the power to identify motifs of interest in RNA and identify potential drug targets for macromolecules whose crystal structures are unknown. The results also show the utility of RNA homology modeling software for structure determination and lay the groundwork for applying thisapproach to larger and more complex eukaryotic ribosomes and other RNA-protein complexes. Structures generated from this study can be used in in silico screening experiments and lead to the determination of structures for targets/hit complexes.

关键词： Ribosome 40S subunit RNA structure Plasmodium falciparum 3d modeling de novo Homology

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HⅠ emission from the red giant Y CVn with the VLA and FAST

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第7期17卷 39-46页

作者： do T.Hoai Pham T.Nhung Lynn d.Matthews eric Grard Thibaut Le Bertre department of Astrophysics Vietnam National Satellite CenterVAST LERMA CNRSObservatoire de Paris/PSLSorbonne Universite's department of Astrophysics Vietnam National Satellite Center MIT Haystack Observatory GEPI CNRSObservatoire de Paris/PSL

Imaging studies with the Very Large Array（VLA） have revealed H I emission associated with the extended circumstellar shells of red giants. We analyze the spectral map obtained on Y CVn, a J-type carbon star on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. The H I line profiles can be interpreted with a model of a detached shell resulting from the interaction of a stellar outflow with the local interstellar *** reproduce the spectral map by introducing a distortion along a direction corresponding to the star＇s motion in space. We then use this fitting to simulate observations expected from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope（FAST）, and discuss its potential for improving our description of the outer regions of circumstellar shells.

关键词： stars AGB and post-AGB-- stars carbon - stars individual Y CVn - radio lines stars

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Assessment of agri-spillways as a soil erosion protection measure in Mediterranean sloping vineyards

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1009-1022页

作者： Jesus ROdRIGO-COMINO Stefan WIRTZ eric C. BREVIK Jose d.RUIZ-SINOGA Johannes B.BIES Instituto de Geomorfologfa y Suelos Department of Geography University of Malaga 29071 Malaga Spain Physical Geography Trier University 542-85 Trier Germany department of Natural Sciences 291 Campus Drive Dickinson State University Dickinson ND 58601 USA

Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s^(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s^(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l^(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.

关键词：土壤侵蚀保护措施葡萄园溢洪道农业评估地中海地区水流速度

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development and application of molecular gut-content analysis to detect aphid and coccinellid predation by Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rondoni Kacie J. Athey James d. Harwood eric Contit Carlo Ricci John J. Obrycki department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and department of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

despite their positive effect in reducing pest populations, exotic generalist predators sometimes become invasive and contribute to the displacement of indigenous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked intraguild predation （IGP） to these interactions, field evidence and quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） in Italy raises concern about the detrimental effect that the ladybird could have on native coccinellids. Here we assessed, under laboratory conditions, the acceptability and suitability of eggs of 2 native ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata L. and Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyridis larvae. Then we developed primers for molecular gut-content analysis to detect predation by H. axyridis on the 2 ladybirds and on the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were developed for the 3 species and laboratory feeding trials were conducted to quantify the rate of prey dNA breakdown in the gut of//. axyridis. Moreover, to field evaluate primers, H. axyridis 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected from linden trees in northern Italy and screened for the presence of prey dNA. Seventy-three percent and 7% of field collected H. axyridis were positive for aphid and coccinellid dNA, respectively. Predation upon aphid and A. bipunctata was lower than predicted if density dependent consumption was expected, while predation upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provided the first evidence of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyridis and indigenous ladybird beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

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Size fractions of organic matter pools influence their stability: Application of the Rock-Eval® analysis to beech forest soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 565-575页

作者： david SEBAG eric P.VERRECCHIA Thierry AdATTE Michael AUBERT Guillaume CAILLEAU Thibaud dECAENS Isabelle KOWALEWSKI Jean TRAP Fabrice BUREAU Mickael HEddE Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)M2CRouen 76000France Institute of Earth Surface dynamics(IdYST) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institut Français du Pétrole Energies Nouvelles(IFPEN) Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies DivisionRueil-Malmaison 92852France Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculturel'Alimentation et l'Environnement(INRAE)LaboratoireÉtude et COmpréhension de la bioDIVersité(ECODIV)Rouen 76000France Laboratory of Microbiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel 2000Switzerland Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive(CEFE) Universitéde MontpellierCNRSEcole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)Montpellier 34000France Eco&Sols INRAEIRDUniversitéde MontpellierMontpellier 34000France

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture formed through decomposition and organo-mineral interactions, and characterization of its composition and biogeochemical stability is challenging. From this perspective, Rock-Eval® is a rapid and efficient thermal analytical method that combines the quantitative and qualitative information of SOM, including several parameters related to thermal stability. This approach has already been used to monitor changes in organic matter (OM) properties at the landscape, cropland, and soil profile scales. This study was aimed to assess the stability of SOM pools by characterizing the grain size fractions from forest litters and topsoils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. Litter (organic) and topsoil samples were collected from a beech forest in Normandy (France), whose management in the last 200 years has been documented. Fractionation by wet sieving was used to separate large debris (> 2 000 μm) and coarse (200–2 000 μm) and fine particulate OM (POM) (50–200 μm) in the organic samples as well as coarse (200–2 000 μm), medium (50–200 μm), and fine (de thermal parameters sensitive enough to study fine-scale soil processes. In the organic layers, quantitative and qualitative changes were explained by the progressive decomposition of labile organic compounds from plant debris to the finest organic particles. Meanwhile, the grain size fractions of topsoils presented different characteristics. The coarse organo-mineral fractions showed higher C contents, albeit with a different composition, higher thermal stability, and greater decomposition degree than the plant debris forming the organic layer. These results are consistent with those of previous studies that microbial activity is more effective in this fraction. The finest fractions of topsoils showed low C contents, the highest thermal stability, and low decomposition degree, which can be explained

关键词： aggregate decomposition litter organo-mineral interaction plant-microbe-soil continuum soil organic matter thermal analysis topsoil

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Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes

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Fungal diversity 2022年第3期114卷 237-278页

作者： Indunil C.Senanayake dhandevi Pem Achala R.Rathnayaka Subodini N.Wijesinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nuwan d.Kularathnage deecksha Gomdola dulanjalee Harishchandra Lakmali S.dissanayake Mei-mei Xiang Anusha H.Ekanayaka eric H.C.McKenzie Kevin d.Hyde Hao-xing Zhang Ning Xie Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityNanhai AvenueNanshanShenzhen 3688GuangdongChina Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Centre for Mountain Futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland Mail CentrePrivate Bag 92170Auckland 1142New Zealand

Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of *** global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been *** paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches,*** numbers of described fungi,by fungus:substrate ratio,by ecological distribution,by meta-dNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in *** assumptions were made with the currently most accepted,“2.2–3.8 million”species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90%of the described ascomycetes reproduce *** Catalogue of Life,Species Fungorum and published research were used for data *** average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million,ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 ***,only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data *** ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:***,where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes?The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots,poorly-studied areas and species *** poorly studied niches include extremophiles,lichenicolous fungi,human pathogens,marine fungi,and fungicolous *** species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier *** issues,such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs,synonyms,conspecific names,illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described *** introgression results in new species,while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.

关键词： Ascomycota Estimates Habitat diversity Molecular techniques Species concepts

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