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A balancing act: Optimizing free chlorine contact time to minimize iodo-dBPs, NdMA, and regulated dBPs in chloraminated drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 315-325页

作者： Matthew A.Bloodgood Sridevi Anduri Chowdary eric J.daiber Honglan Shi Caroline O.Granger Susan d.Richardson Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Many drinking water treatment plants in the U.S. have switched from chlorination to chloramination to lower levels of regulated trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid(HAA) disinfection byproducts(dBPs) in drinking water and meet the current regulations. However, chloramination can also produce other highly toxic/carcinogenic, unregulated dBPs: iodoacids, iodo-THMs, and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NdMA). In practice, chloramines are generated by the addition of chlorine with ammonia, and plants use varying amounts of free chlorine contact time prior to ammonia addition to effectively kill pathogens and meet dBP regulations. However, iodo-dBPs and nitrosamines are generally not considered in this balancing of free chlorine contact time. The goal of our work was to determine whether an optimal free chlorine contact time could be established in which iodo-dBPs and NdMA could be minimized, while keeping regulated THMs and HAAs below their regulatory limits. The effect of free chlorine contact time was evaluated for the formation of six iodo-trihalomethanes(iodo-THMs), six iodo-acids, and NdMA during the chloramination of drinking water. Ten different free chlorine contact times were examined for two source waters with different dissolved organic carbon(dOC) and bromide/iodide. For the low dOC water at pH 7 and 8, an optimized free chlorine contact time of up to 1 h could control regulated THMs and HAAs, as well as iodo-dBPs and NdMA. For the high dOC water, a free chlorine contact time of 5 min could control iodo-dBPs and NdMA at both p Hs, but the regulated dBPs could exceed the regulations at pH 7.

关键词： Iodo-dBPs NdMA disinfection byproducts Chloramine drinking water Free chlorine contact time

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dissemination of Resistance Integrons and Genes Coding for Blse and Cabapenemases in the Urban drainage Network in Cote d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 268-286页

作者： Coulibaly Kalpy Julien diaby Aboubakar Sidik Vakou N’dri Sabine M’bengue Gbonon Valérie Carole Claon Jean Stephane Yao Kouamé eric Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice Yéo Yéfougnini Bagré Issa djaman Allico Joseph dosso Mireille Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Fé lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide. Environment, particularly the water environment, has long been overlooked as a player in the antibiotic resistance cycle, although its role remains unclear. These can provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, as they are frequently affected by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study was to establish a diffusion map of resistance integrons used as genetic markers of resistance associated with antibiotic resistance conferring genes (ARGs). Total dNA extracts from non-cultivable bacterial communities were used for the analyses. These communities were obtained from wastewater samples from 14 sites upstream and downstream of drainage channels or effluents in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké, and Yamoussoukro. The results obtained correspond to the number of positives among the treated samples (n = 39). Among the genetic markers of dissemination, class 1 integrons were the most evident in 94.8% of samples in Abidjan (93.3%), Bouaké (100%) and Yamoussoukro (91.6%). Class 2 integrons and class 3 integrons were found respectively in 41% and 51% of all samples. Genes coding for β-lactamases and blaTEM was identified in almost all samples at a rate of 97.4%. A co-presence of the three genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M is also remarkable in the sites of the city of Yamoussoukro. Among the genes coding for carbapenemases, only blaKPC 17.94%, blaNdM 30.76% and blaOXA48 38.46% were detected in the samples.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Wastewater Resistance Integrons (RIs) Resistance Genes

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Outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack and stratification using the ABCd^(2) score

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 314-318页

作者： Shreyansh Shah Li Liang durgesh Bhandary Saga Johansson eric E Smith deepak L Bhatt Gregg C Fonarow Naeem d Khan eric peterson Janet Prvu Bettger department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA duke Clinical Research Institute DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA AstraZeneca UK Ltd CambridgeUK Hotchkiss Brain Institute and department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada division of Cardiology Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA division of Cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Background Long-term outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack(TIA)and role of ABCd^(2) score in identifying high-risk individuals are not *** We identified 40825 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised from 2011 to 2014 for a TIA to a Get With The Guidelines(GWTG)-Stroke hospital and classified them using ABCd^(2)s of mortality and rehospitalisation(all-cause,ischaemic stroke,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,and gastrointestinal and intracranial haemorrhage)for high-risk versus low-risk groups adjusted for patient and hospital *** Of the 40825 patients,35118(86%)were high risk(ABCd^(2)≥4)and 5707(14%)were low risk(ABCd^(2)=0-3).Overall rate of mortality during 1-year follow-up after hospital discharge for the index TIA was 11.7%,44.3% were rehospitalised for any reason and 3.6%were readmitted due to *** with ABCd^(2) score≥4 had higher mortality at 1 year than not(adjusted HR 1.18,95%CI 1.07 to 1.30).Adjusted risks for ischaemic stroke,all-cause readmission and mortality/all-cause readmission at 1 year were also significantly higher for patients with ABCd^(2) score≥4 vs *** contrast,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage risk were not significantly different by ABCd^(2) *** This study validates the use of ABCd^(2) score for long-term risk assessment after TIA in patients aged 65 years and *** efforts for community-based follow-up care after TIA are needed for ongoing prevention in Medicare beneficiaries who were hospitalised for TIA.

关键词： admitted score prevention

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White biotechnology and the production of bio-products

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第3期2卷 413-429页

作者： Masoumeh Kordi Robab Salami Parisa Bolouri Nasser delangiz Behnam Asgari Lajayer eric d.van Hullebusch department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences&BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran department of Genetic and Bioengineering BiotechnologyYeditepe UniversityIstambulTurkey department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRSUniversitéde Paris75005 ParisFrance

White biotechnology uses enzymes and microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals from renewable *** biotechnology provides valuable components for the food,pharmaceutical,agricultural sectors as well as other *** diversity in fungi,yeast,and bacteria can be exploited to produce food additives and other industrial *** is an interesting topic for those interested in screening and metabolic testing of microorganisms,industrial biotechnology,fermentation technology,and the biological products research *** use of microbial-derived compounds has a long history in the food industry,and compounds such as flavorings,essential amino acids,poly-unsaturated fatty acids,organic acids,gelling,*** be obtained from microbial ***,the role of microbes in human health and well-being cannot be *** produce primary metabolites such as vitamins,nucleotides,and amino acids,as well as secondary *** secondary metabolites are used to make many *** agriculture,microbes are also used to make fertilizers and biological *** paper reviews the types of bio-products obtained through biotechnology and the barriers and challenges of white biotechnology.

关键词： Microorganisms Biotechnology Industry Food Pharmaceutical White biotechnology

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Background memories

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第11期65卷 142-142页

作者： Paul d.Lasky eric Thrane School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia OzGrav:The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational-wave discovery ClaytonVIC3800Australia

Gravitational-wave memory is a strong-field prediction of general relativity in which the passage of gravitational waves induces a permanent displacement between two test masses [1-3]. Predictions for the memory ampli... 详细信息

关键词： permanent relativity displacement

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disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated dBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： Hannah K.Liberatore eric J.daiber Sridevi A.Ravuri Judith E.Schmid Susan d.Richardson david M.deMarini Air Methods and Characterization division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(dBPs) in pool water. dBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of dBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual dBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which dBPs and additional dBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 dBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-dBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of CldBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-dBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-dBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing dBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-dBPs were the only dBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-dBPs in the muta

关键词： Swimming pools Hot tubs Mutagenicity disinfection byproducts Spas

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Quetiapine augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSd and a history of mild traumatic brain injury: design and methodology of a pilot study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 121-131页

作者： Muhammad R.Baig Robert d.Beck Jennifer L.Wilson Jennifer A.Lemmer Adeel Meraj eric C.Meyer Jim Mintz Alan L.peterson John d.Roache Mental Health South Texas Veterans Healthcare System116 A7400 Merton Minter BIvdSan AntonioTX 78229USA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center South Texas Veterans Healthcare SystemSan AntonioTXUSA department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans WacoTXUSA Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System WacoTXUSA department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA department of Psychology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUSA department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA

Background: Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are first-line pharmacologic treatments for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSd), but must be given over extended period of time before the onset of action. The use of SSRIs in PTSd patients with mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI) is problematic since SSRIs could exacerbate post-concussion syndrome(PCS) symptoms. VA/dOd guidelines identify trauma-focused psychotherapy as the best evidence-based treatment for PTSd, but overall effectiveness is limited by reduced levels of patient engagement and retention. A previous study from this research group suggested that quetiapine monotherapy, but not risperidone or valproate, could increase engagement in trauma-focused ***: We report the study protocol of a pilot study funded under the South-Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center pilot study program from the U.S. department of Veterans Affairs. This randomized, open-label study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of completing a randomized trial of quetiapine vs. treatment as usual to promote patient engagement in PTSd patients with a history of m ***: We expect that the success of this ongoing study should provide us with the preliminary data necessary to design a full-scale randomized trial. Positive efficacy results in a full-scale trial should inform new VA guidelines for clinical practice by showing that quetiapine-related improvements in patient engagement and retention may be the most effective approach to assure that VA resources achieve the best possible outcome for *** registration: NCT04280965.

关键词： Quetiapine Trauma-focused psychotherapy Posttraumatic stress disorder Mild traumatic brain injury Veterans

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Investigation into a practical approach and application of cotton fiber elongation

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 13-24页

作者： dELHOM Christopher d. WANJURA John d. PELLETIER Mathew G. HOLT Gregory A. HEQUET eric F. USdA-ARS New OrleansLA 70124USA USdA-ARS LubbockTX 79403USA Texas Tech University LubbockTX 79409USA

Background The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significantly improved through selec-tive breeding,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored,even though elongation contributes to determining the energy needed to break *** developments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed interest in ***,it is not understood how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to add to the complexity of fiber *** explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested using single fiber methods,the Stelometer,and the *** of strength,elongation,and combined properties such as modulus were *** HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation differences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample *** bundle testing,like Stelometer and HVI was shown to reduce bias due to fiber *** The use of secant modulus,an intrinsic material property,allowed for one value to represent both strength and *** modulus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or ***-to-break was shown to be more influenced by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being *** the influence of genetics and environment on elongation,and its interaction with other fiber properties,requires additional *** modulus,by combining strength and elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

关键词： Cotton Elongation Tenacity Work-to-break ModulusBackground

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Germinal center-dependent and-independent immune responses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human cancers

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 1040-1050页

作者： Eve Playoust Romain Remark eric Vivier Pierre Milpied Marseille Université CNRSINSERMCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance Innate Pharma MarseilleFrance

B cells play essential roles in immunity,mainly through the production of high affinity plasma cells(PCs)and memory B(Bmem)*** affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells rely on the integration of B-cell receptor(BCR)intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by antigen binding and the microenvironment,*** recent years,tumor infiltrating B(TIL-B)cells and PCs(TIL-PCs)have been revealed as important players in antitumor responses in human cancers,but their interplay and dynamics remain largely *** lymphoid organs,B-cell responses involve both germinal center(GC)-dependent and GC-independent pathways for Bmem cell and PC *** maturation of BCR repertoires occurs in GC reactions with specific spatiotemporal dynamics of signal integration by B *** general,the reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells by antigens triggers GC-independent production of large numbers of PC without BCR *** B-cell dynamics in immune responses requires the integration of multiple tools and readouts such as single-cell phenotyping and RNA-seq,in situ analyses,BCR repertoire analysis,BCR specificity and affinity assays,and functional ***,we review how those tools have recently been applied to study TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in different types of solid *** assessed the published evidence for different models of TIL-B-cell dynamics involving GC-dependent or GC-independent local responses and the resulting production of antigen-specific ***,we highlight the need for more integrative B-cell immunology studies to rationally investigate TIL-B cells as a leverage for antitumor therapies.

关键词： antibody tertiary lymphoid structure plasma cell germinal center cancer

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美国西北太平洋海成砂矿的研究

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地质科学译丛 1990年第2期7卷 57-62页

作者： Curt d.peterson 莫杰谢弘阳美国俄勒冈州立大学海洋学院

引言大半个世纪过去之后.从美国西北太平洋海成砂中开采有价值的金属,再次引起美国政府和商业集团的兴趣。作为砂矿的海相砂几乎供不应求,其特征是重矿物和贵金属的含量高于平均富集度。然而,这种砂矿中有价值的来自海岸沙——19世纪中... 详细信息

引言大半个世纪过去之后.从美国西北太平洋海成砂中开采有价值的金属,再次引起美国政府和商业集团的兴趣。作为砂矿的海相砂几乎供不应求,其特征是重矿物和贵金属的含量高于平均富集度。然而,这种砂矿中有价值的来自海岸沙——19世纪中叶曾开采过砂金,以及大陆架上的滨外砂。在地质活跃的卡斯凯迪亚(Cascadia)陆缘(40°—50°N,图41)的海岸带和大陆架沉积物中,分布着富含钛铁矿、铬铁矿和锆石等重矿物的海成砂矿。这些具有经济和战略意义的钛、铬和锆等金属含在不活泼的重矿物中(附表)。

关键词：太平洋砂矿海成砂矿海相砂

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