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Invasive rats strengthen predation pressure on bird eggs in a South Pacific island rainforest

Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 583-590页

作者： Quiterie DURON Edouard BOURGUET Helene DE MERINGO Alexandre MILLON eric vidal Institut Mediterraneen de Biodiversite et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IRD Avignon Universite Centre IRD Noumea - BP A5 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle-Caledonie France Institut Mediterraneen de Biodiversite et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IRD Avignon Universite Technopole Arbois-Mediterranee Bat. Villemin - BP 80 F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 04 France

Invasive rats （Rattus spp.） are known to have pervasive impacts on island birds, particularly on their nesting success. To conserve or restore bird populations, numerous invasive rat control or eradication projects are undertaken on islands worldwide. However, such projects represent a huge investment and the decision-making process requires proper assessment of rat impacts. Here, we assessed the influence of two sympatric invasive rats （Rattus rattus and R. exulans） on native bird eggs in a New Caledonian rainforest, using artificial bird-nest monitoring. A total of 178 artificial nests containing two eggs of three different sizes were placed either on the ground or 1.5 m high and monitored at the start of the birds＇ breeding season. Overall, 12.4% of the nests were depredated during the first 7 days. At site 1, where nests were monitored during 16 days, 41.8% of the nests were depredated. The main predator was the native crow Corvus moneduloides, responsible for 62.9% of the overall predation events. Rats were responsible for only 22.9% of the events, and ate only small and medium eggs at both heights. Our experiment suggests that in New Caledonia, predation pressure by rats strengthens overall bird-nest predation, adding to that by native predators, Experimental rat control operations may allow reduced predation pressure on nests as well as the recording of biodiversity responses after rat population reduction.

关键词： bird-nest predation forest birds invasive rodents island conservation rat management.

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9,10-KODA,an α-ketol produced by the tonoplastlocalized 9-lipoxygenase ZmLOX5,plays a signaling role in maize defense against insect herbivory

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1283-1303页

作者： Peiguo Yuan Eli Borrego Yong-Soon Park Zachary Gorman Pei-Cheng Huang Jordan Tolley Shawn A.Christensen Jantana Blanford Aruna Kilaru Robert Meeley Hisashi Koiwa Stefan vidal Alisa Huffaker eric Schmelz Michael V.Kolomiets Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77840-2132USA Currently at Thomas H.Gosnell School of Life Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY 14623USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA College of Life Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Biology Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Department of Biological Sciences East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37659USA Formerly at Corteva Agriscience JohnstonIA 50131USA Department of Crop Sciences Agricultural EntomologyGeorg-August-Universit€at37077 G€ottingenGermany Section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Plant Resources Agriculture and Fisheries Life Science Research InstituteKongju National UniversityYesanChungnam 32439South Korea

13-Lipoxygenases(LOXs)initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA),the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory ***,the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain ***,we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX,ZmLOX5,and its linolenic acid-derived product,9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid(9,10-KODA).Transposon-insertional disruption of ZmLOX5 resulted in the loss of resistance to insect ***5 knockout mutants displayed greatly reduced wound-induced accumulation of multiple oxylipins and defense metabolites,including benzoxazinoids,abscisic acid(ABA),and JA-isoleucine(JA-Ile).However,exogenous JA-Ile failed to rescue insect defense in lox5 mutants,while applications of 1 mM 9,10-KODA or the JA precursor,12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(12-OPDA),restored wild-type resistance *** profiling revealed that exogenous 9,10-KODA primed the plants for increased production of ABA and 12-OPDA,but not *** none of the 9-oxylipins were able to rescue JA-Ile induction,the lox5 mutant accumulated lower wound-induced levels of Ca^(2+),suggesting this as a potential explanation for lower wound-induced *** pretreated with 9,10-KODA exhibited rapid or more robust woundinduced defense gene *** addition,an artificial diet supplemented with 9,10-KODA arrested fall armyworm larvae ***,analysis of single and double lox5 and lox10 mutants showed that ZmLOX5 also contributed to insect defense by modulating ZmLOX10-mediated green leaf volatile ***,our study uncovered a previously unknown anti-herbivore defense and hormonelike signaling activity for a major 9-oxylipin α-ketol.

关键词： abscisic acid benzoxazinoids defense priming fall armyworm Spodoptera 12-oxo-phytodienoic

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海南省HIV-1基因亚型分析

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中国公共卫生 2009年第9期25卷 1142-1143页

作者：符鹏邓巍鲍琳琳 Nicole vidal 何启亚秦川 Martine Peeters eric Delaporte Jean-Marie Andrieu 王召乾邝继深张帆胡玉銮卢葳海南省疾病预防控制中心海口570203 北京协和医学院中国医学科学院比较医学中心北京协和医学院中国医学科学院中法合作艾滋病研究中心法国发展研究院蒙特利尔大学UMR145研究所巴黎第五大学肿瘤疫苗免疫治疗中心病毒分子研究所

目的分析海南省人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)基因亚型,监测HIV毒株的流行状况。方法从88份HIV-1抗体阳性的血浆中提取RNA,逆转录后采用PCR法扩增HIV-1基因序列中的env及pol基因,对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定,经比对分析而确定基因亚型。... 详细信息

目的分析海南省人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)基因亚型,监测HIV毒株的流行状况。方法从88份HIV-1抗体阳性的血浆中提取RNA,逆转录后采用PCR法扩增HIV-1基因序列中的env及pol基因,对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定,经比对分析而确定基因亚型。构建最大似然(ML)进化树,分析感染者间的传播链。结果88份样品中,有83份样品被扩增出HIV-1的env及pol基因片段;共发现6种HIV-1亚型和重组型,其中CRF01-AE亚型70份,B′亚型8份,C亚型2份,B亚型和CRF08-BC、CRF01-AE/B′重组亚型各1份。在ML进化树上83份样品分成4个传播群(66/83)和非传播群(17/83),其中传播群1最庞大(59/83)。结论海南省HIV/AIDS的HIV-1基因亚型至少有6种,其中CRF01-AE为主要亚型,占84.33%(70/83),主要分布在静脉吸毒者及其性伴侣之间,形成了一个庞大的传播群。其次为B′亚型(9.6%)。另外的4种亚型(6%)仅见单个病例。提示海南省静脉吸毒为主要的感染途径(67.5%);经性接触传播的亚型种类复杂多样,包括本次检出的全部亚型和重组株。

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒亚型序列分析进化树

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