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Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic conditions.Yet,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly investigated.Focusing on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human pressure.These species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and Rodentia.Likewise,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,respectively.Our findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly studied.However,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on pepper.The present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber crop.The preimaginal development and voracity of E.americanus were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(A.gossypi)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to adult.Preimaginal development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey species.The weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker prey.The ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal prey.Results suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing E.americanus for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing E.coli challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric Cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(E.coli)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema disease.Frequently used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated.Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E.coli strains,both in vitro and in vivo.Results We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets.Additionally,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing E.coli(STEC)infection.Therefore,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC strain.BLF did not affect theα-andβ-diversity.However,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa.When analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF group.Conclusion Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets.Nevertheless,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis.Furthermore,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 544-554页

作者： Elena Erben Weida Liao Antonio Minopoli Nicola Maghelli eric Lauga Moritz Kreysing Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden 01307Germany Center for Systems Biology Dresden 01307Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Biological Information Processing.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB30WAUK

Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations,such as optical tweezers,hold substantial interest across a wide range of disciplines.However,their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser exposure.And while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative,their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and control.Here we show that the iterative application of laser-induced,localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles,irrespectively of their material properties.Compared to the standing theoretical proposal,our method keeps particles mobile,and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion limit.The resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically predictable.They represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom,whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender,happiness and nervousness.Our results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly,micro-manufacturing,the life sciences,robotics and optohydraulically actuated micro-factories.

关键词： manipulation fluid assembly

Endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane P Selvanderan eric Lam Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

Endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its sequelae.In this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et al.The spectrum of EUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric varices.The data suggest that the application of EUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for EUS.More data,specifically randomised trials comparing EUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

Prevention of complications in endourological management of stones:What are the basic measures needed before,during,and after interventions?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 180-190页

作者： eric Edison Giorgio Mazzon Vimoshan Arumuham Simon Choong Department of Urology University College Hospital LondonLondonUK Department of Urology San Bassiano HospitalVicenzaItaly

Objective:This narrative review aims to describe measures to minimise the risk of complications during percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),ureteroscopy,and retrograde intrarenal surgery.Methods:A literature search was conducted from the PubMed/PMC database for papers published within the last 10 years(January 2012 to December 2022).Search terms included“ureteroscopy”,“retrograde intrarenal surgery”,“PCNL”,“percutaneous nephrolithotomy”,“complications”,“sepsis”,“infection”,“bleed”,“haemorrhage”,and“hemorrhage”.Key papers were identified and included meta-analyses,systematic reviews,guidelines,and primary research.The references of these papers were searched to identify any further relevant papers not included above.Results:The evidence is assimilated with the opinions of the authors to provide recommendations.Best practice pathways for patient care in the pre-operative,intra-operative,and post-operative periods are described,including the identification and management of residual stones.Key complications(sepsis and stent issues)that are relevant for any endourological procedure are then be discussed.Operation-specific considerations are then explored.Key measures for PCNL include optimising access to minimise the chance of bleeding or visceral injury.The role of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in this regard is discussed.Key measures for ureteroscopy and retrograde intrarenal surgery include planning and technique to minimise the risk of ureteric injury.The role of anaesthetic assessment is discussed.The importance of specific comorbidities on each step of the pathway is highlighted as examples.Conclusion:This review demonstrates that the principles of meticulous planning,interdisciplinary teamworking,and good operative technique can minimise the risk of complications in endourology.

关键词： Endourology Ureteroscopy Retrogradeintrarenal surgery Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Complications Sepsis Stent

Design,simulation,and testing of a tunable MEMS multi-threshold inertial switch

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 37-46页

作者： Qiu Xu Rodrigo T.Rocha Yousef Algoos eric Feron Mohammad I.Younis Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an223003PR China Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Piezoelectric Microsystem Technologies Silicon Austria LabsVillach9524Austria Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Department State University of New YorkBinghamtonNY13902USA

This paper presents a tunable multi-threshold micro-electromechanical inertial switch with adjustable threshold capability.The demonstrated device combines the advantages of accelerometers in providing quantitative acceleration measurements and g-threshold switches in saving power when in the inactive state upon experiencing acceleration below the thresholds.The designed proof-of-concept device with two thresholds consists of a cantilever microbeam and two stationary electrodes placed at different positions in the sensing direction.The adjustable threshold capability and the effect of the shock duration on the threshold acceleration are analytically investigated using a nonlinear beam model.Results are shown for the relationships among the applied bias voltage,the duration of shock impact,and the tunable threshold.The fabricated prototypes are tested using a shock-table system.The analytical results agree with the experimental results.The designed device concept is very promising for the classification of the shock and impact loads in transportation and healthcare applications.

关键词： tunable acceleration testing

Deep learning automation of radiographic patterns for hallux valgus diagnosis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 105-109页

作者： Angela Hussain Cadence Lee eric Hu Farid Amirouche Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Orthopaedics Surgery University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Northshore University Health SystemSkokieIL 6007United States

Artificial intelligence(AI)and deep learning are becoming increasingly powerful tools in diagnostic and radiographic medicine.Deep learning has already been utilized for automated detection of pneumonia from chest radiographs,diabetic retinopathy,breast cancer,skin carcinoma classification,and metastatic lymphadenopathy detection,with diagnostic reliability akin to medical experts.In the World Journal of Orthopedics article,the authors apply an automated and AIassisted technique to determine the hallux valgus angle(HVA)for assessing HV foot deformity.With the U-net neural network,the authors constructed an algorithm for pattern recognition of HV foot deformity from anteroposterior highresolution radiographs.The performance of the deep learning algorithm was compared to expert clinician manual performance and assessed alongside clinician-clinician variability.The authors found that the AI tool was sufficient in assessing HVA and proposed the system as an instrument to augment clinical efficiency.Though further sophistication is needed to establish automated algorithms for more complicated foot pathologies,this work adds to the growing evidence supporting AI as a powerful diagnostic tool.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Hallux valgus Deep learning Automated radiography

Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Nagy Matthew Sisk Bryan Lai Albert Kodish eric Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/Oncology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’s Cleveland Ohio USA