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Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman sHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic conditions.Yet,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly investigated.Focusing on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human pressure.These species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and Rodentia.Likewise,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,respectively.Our findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and shiga toxin‑producing E.coli challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric Cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(E.coli)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema disease.Frequently used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated.Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E.coli strains,both in vitro and in vivo.Results We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets.Additionally,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon shiga toxin-producing E.coli(sTEC)infection.Therefore,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+sTEC strain.BLF did not affect theα-andβ-diversity.However,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa.When analysing the immune response upon infection,the sTEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF group.Conclusion Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets.Nevertheless,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis.Furthermore,bLF administration during sTEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Nagy Matthew sisk Bryan Lai Albert Kodish eric Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/Oncology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’s Cleveland Ohio USA

Untangling the biotic stress in the late Maastrichtian Deccan-benchmark interval of Bidart(France)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 181-198页

作者： subham Patra Gerta Keller eric Font Thierry Adatte Jahnavi Punekar Indian Institute of Technology Bombay PowaiMumbai 400076India Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Departamento de Ciencias da Terra Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaUniversidade de Coimbra3000-272 CoimbraPortugal Institute of Earth sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The late Maastrichtian witnessed substantial surges in Deccan volcanism,prompting the hypothesis that these voluminous pulses may have instigated repeated episodes of ocean acidification during this period.The Cretaceous-Palaeogene(K/Pg)boundary at Bidart(France)is preceded by a~0.5 m thick interval with geochemical and taphonomic vestiges of an ocean acidification event linked with Deccan volcanism.New planktic foraminifera census and morphometric data now confirm biotic stress conditions related to acidification in the Deccan benchmark interval.The absolute abundance data of larger(>150μm)heavily calcified planktic morphogroups show fluctuating populations throughout zone CF1(spanning the final~225 ky),lowest peaks within the Deccan benchmark,and a demographic collapse(>90%)at the K/Pg boundary.The analyzed species are generally reduced in size,with thinner test walls in this~0.5 m interval,indicating the likelihood of calcification stress as a contributor to the overall biotic stress.At the K/Pg boundary,maximum biotic stress is recorded in all the tested faunal proxies.A preliminary graphic correlation of zone CF1 at Bidart with the auxiliary GssP at Elles(Tunisia)constrains the Deccan benchmark interval of high biotic stress to the final~58ky of the late Maastrichtian,culminating in the K/Pg mass extinction.The volcanogenic Hg peaks coincident with faunal and taphonomic evidence of ocean acidification strengthen the Deccan-related ocean acidification hypothesis.

关键词： Deccan volcanism K/Pg mass extinction Biotic stress Calcification stress

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Prognosis value of heat-shock proteins in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1578-1595页

作者： eric Toshiyuki Nakamura Amanda Park Marina Alessandra Pereira Daniel Kikawa Francisco Tustumi Department of Gastroenterology Instituto do CâncerHospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil Department of scientific Initiation Universidade Mogi das CruzesSão Paulo 08780911Brazil Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Centro Universitário LusíadaCentre for Evidence-Based MedicineCentro Universitário Lusíada(UNILUS)SantosBrazil Department of surgery Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão Paulo 05652900Brazil

BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins(HsPs)are molecular chaperones that play an important role in cellular protection against stress events and have been reported to be overex-pressed in many cancers.The prognostic significance of HsPs and their regulatory factors,such as heat shock factor 1(HsF1)and CHIP,are poorly understood.AIM To investigate the relationship between HsP expression and prognosis in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.METHODs A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRIsMA recommend-ations(PROsPERO:CRD42022370653),on Embase,PubMed,Cochrane,and LILACs.Cohort,case-control,and cross-sectional studies of patients with eso-phagus or esophagogastric cancer were included.HsP-positive patients were compared with HsP-negative,and the endpoints analyzed were lymph node metastasis,tumor depth,distant metastasis,and overall survival(Os).HsPs were stratified according to the HsP family,and the summary risk difference(RD)was calculated using a random-effect model.REsULTs The final selection comprised 27 studies,including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(21),esophagogastric adenocarcinoma(5),and mixed neoplasms(1).The pooled sample size was 3465 patients.HsP40 and 60 were associated with a higher 3-year Os[HsP40:RD=0.22;95%confidence interval(CI):0.09-0.35;HsP60:RD=0.33;95%CI:0.17-0.50],while HsF1 was associated with a poor 3-year Os(RD=-0.22;95%CI:-0.32 to-0.12).The other HsP families were not associated with long-term survival.HsF1 was associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis(RD=-0.16;95%CI:-0.29 to-0.04).HsP40 was associated with a lower probability of lymph node dissemination(RD=0.18;95%CI:0.03-0.33).The expression of other HsP families was not significantly related to tumor depth and lymph node or distant metastasis.CONCLUsION The expression levels of certain families of HsP,such as HsP40 and 60 and HsF1,are associated with long-term survival and lymph node dissemination in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.

关键词： Heat-shock proteins Heat-shock response Prognosis Esophageal neoplasms Meta-analysis

Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) with Factors Related to Maternal Health and Pregnancy in Newborns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yamixa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez eric Miranda Bryan Colón Morales Mónica santos Biochemistry&Pharmacology Department San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Department of Internal Medicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United states,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal development.Methods:Using the comprehensive system of Vigilance and surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2020.Our assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of preeclampsia.Results:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our study.The average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 years.The mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 weeks.Of the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with CHD.Within this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal BMI.Conclusion:We identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of CHD.However,our analysis did not show a statistically signiﬁcant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of CHD.These results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) obesisty maternal health diabetes body mass index(BMI)

Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plöschberger Lars H.Lohmann eric Lichtenstein Daniel Jochum stanislav D.siegel Astrid Zech David G.Behm Institute of sport science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of Human Motion science and Exercise Physiology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of Health sciences and Technology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland school of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous stiffness.Interestingly,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle temperature.Therefore,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle temperature.Methods:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of science,and sPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were included.These studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(Ess).Es calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with R-package.Results:study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of evidence.Results showed no significant differences in ROM(Es=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(Es=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(Es=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified activities.Funnel plots revealed no publication bias.Conclusion:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up programs.The lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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如何负责任地回应他人痛苦?——对中国缓和医疗的再思考

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协和医学杂志 2024年第1期15卷 7-11页

作者： eric L.Krakauer 哈佛大学医学院美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138 波士顿总医院缓和医疗与老年医学部美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛... 详细信息

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛卡尔医学模式的观点与弊端、维持生命技术的应用与善终等方面展开讨论,启发对中国缓和医疗发展的进一步思考与深刻理解。

关键词：笛卡尔医学模式过度医疗缓和医疗善终

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Genetic diversity of the s-type small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 84-90页

作者： eric Tzyy Jiann Chong Joveen Wan Fen Neoh Tiek Ying Lau Kek Heng Chua Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim Ping-Chin Lee Biotechnology Research Institute Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Department of Biomedical science Faculty of Medicine BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDs(CERiA) University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the s-type ssU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and haplotype.Methods:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with P.knowlesi were collected in sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.The s-type ssU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and sequenced.The natural selection and haplotype of the s-type ssU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnasP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK v10.This study's 39 s-type ssU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11.Results:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of P.knowlesi isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the s-type ssU rRNA gene sequences.The s-type ssU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying effect.Haplotype sharing of the s-type ssU rRNA gene was observed between the P.knowlesi isolates in sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.Conclusions:This study suggests that the s-type ssU rRNA gene of P.knowlesi isolates in sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the gene.These features make the s-type ssU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among P.knowlesi species.

关键词： Plasmodium knowlesi s-type small subunit ribosomal RNA Genetic diversity Natural selection Haplotype