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Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage:Controversies and areas of uncertainty

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1159-1165页

作者： eric p trawick patrick S Yachimski Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVanderbilt University Medical Center

Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage （UGIH） remains a common presentation requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Accurate assessment, appropriate intervention and apt clinical skills are needed for proper management from time of presentation to discharge. The advent of pharmacologic acid suppression, endoscopic hemostatic techniques, and recognition of Helicobacter pylori as an etiologic agent in peptic ulcer disease （pUD） has revolutionized the treatment of UGIH. Despite this, acute UGIH still carries considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. This review aims to discuss current areas of uncertainty and controversy in the management of UGIH. Neoadjuvant proton pump inhibitor （ppI） therapy has become standard empiric treatment for UGIH given that pUD is the leading cause of non variceal UGIH, and ppIs are extremely effective at promoting ulcer healing. Howeve, neoadjuvant ppI administration has not been shown to affect hard clinical outcomes such as rebleeding or mortality. The optimal timing of upper endoscopy in UGIH is often debated. Upon completion of volume resuscitation and hemodynamic stabilization, upper endoscopy should be performed within 24 h in all patientswith evidence of UGIH for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. With rising healthcare cost paramount in today＇s medical landscape, the ability to appropriately triage UGIH patients is of increasing value. Upper en- doscopy in conjunction with the clinical scenario allows for accurate decision making concerning early discharge home in low risk lesions or admission for further moni toring and treatment in higher risk lesions. Concomitant pharmacotherapy with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） and antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel, has a major impact on the etiology, severib/, and potential treatment of UGIH. Long term ppI use in patients taking chronic NSAIDs or clopidogrel is discussed thoroughly in this review.

关键词： Hemorrhage proton pump inhibitors He/i-cobacter py/ori prokinetic agents Hemostasis Thieno-pyridines

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Endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane p Selvanderan eric Lam Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

Endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its *** this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et *** spectrum of EUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric *** data suggest that the application of EUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for *** data,specifically randomised trials comparing EUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

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Quantifying the Role of the Eddy Transfer Coefficient in Simulating the Response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation to Enhanced Westerlies in a Coarse-resolution Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1853-1867页

作者： Yiwen LI Hailong LIU pengfei LIN eric pCHASSIGNET Zipeng YU Fanghua WU School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean-Atmospheric prediction Studies Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32306FloridaUSA China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC) to intensified westerlies,focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient(κ).κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved *** findings reveal that a stratification-dependent κ,incorporating spatiotemporal variability,leads to the most robust eddy-induced MOC response,capturing 82% of the reference eddy-resolving *** the eddy-induced velocity into its vertical variation(VV) and spatial structure(SS) components unveils that the enhanced eddy compensation response primarily stems from an augmented SS term,while the introduced VV term weakens the ***,the temporal variability of the stratification-dependent κ emerges as a key factor in enhancing the eddy compensation response to intensified *** experiment with stratification-dependent κ exhibits a more potent eddy compensation response compared to the constant κ,attributed to the structure of κ and the vertical variation of the density *** results underscore the critical role of accurately representing κ in capturing the response of the Southern Ocean MOC and emphasize the significance of the isopycnal slope in modulating the eddy compensation mechanism.

关键词： eddy transfer coefficient mesoscale eddy parameterization enhanced westerlies Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation ocean model

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STING agonist-conjugated metal-organic framework induces artificial leukocytoid structures and immune hotspots for systemic antitumor responses

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 189-204页

作者： Taokun Luo Xiaomin Jiang Yingjie Fan eric Yuan Jinhong Li Langston Tillman Wenbin Lin Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and the Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research University of Chicago

Radiotherapy is widely used for cancer treatment, but its clinical utility is limited by radioresistance and its inability to target metastases. Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have shown promise as high-Z nanoradiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy and induce immunostimulatory regulation of the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that MOFs could deliver small-molecule therapeutics to synergize with radiotherapy for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Herein, we develop a robust nanoradiosensitizer,GA-MOF, by conjugating a STING agonist, 2,3-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate(GA), on MOFs for synergistic radiosensitization and STING activation. GA-MOF demonstrated strong anticancer efficacy by forming immune-cell-rich nodules(artificial leukocytoid structures) and transforming them into immunostimulatory hotspots with radiotherapy. Further combination with an immune checkpoint blockade suppressed distant tumors through systemic immune activation. Our work not only demonstrates the potent radiosensitization of GA-MOF, but also provides detailed mechanisms regarding MOF distribution, immune regulatory pathways and long-term immune effects.

关键词： metal-organic framework radiosensitization STING agonist artificial leukocytoid structures immune hotspots immunotherapy nanomedicine

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Optimizing magneto-ionic performance in structure/composition-engineered ternary nitrides

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 870-879页

作者： Zheng Ma p.Monalisha Zhengwei Tan Eva pellicer Maciej O.Liedke Maik Butterling Ahmed G.Attallah eric Hirschmann Andreas Wagner Fatima Ibrahim Mairbek Chshiev Enric Menndez Jordi Sort Departament de Física Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès08193Spain Institute of Radiation physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresden01328Germany University of Grenoble Alpes CEACNRSSPINTECGrenoble38000France Institut Universitaire de France Paris75231France InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Pg.Lluís Companys 23Barcelona08010Spain

Magneto-ionics,an emerging approach to manipulate magnetism that relies on voltage-driven ion motion,holds the promise to boost energy efficiency in information technologies such as spintronic devices or future non-von Neumann computing *** this purpose,stability,reversibility,endurance,and ion motion rates need to be synergistically *** various ions,nitrogen has demonstrated superior magneto-ionic performance compared to classical species such as oxygen or ***,we show that ternary Co1−xFexN compound exhibits an unprecedented nitrogen magneto-ionic *** substitution of Co by Fe in binary CoN is shown to be favorable in terms of generated magnetization,cyclability and ion motion ***,the Co_(0.3)5Fe_(0.6)5N films exhibit an induced saturation magnetization of 1,500 emu/cm^(3),a magneto-ionic rate of 35.5 emu/(cm^(3)·s)and endurance exceeding 103 *** values significantly surpass those of other existing nitride and oxide *** improvement can be attributed to the larger saturation magnetization of Co_(0.35)Fe_(0.65) compared to individual Co and Fe,the nature and size of structural defects in as-grown films of different composition,and the dissimilar formation energies of Fe and Co with N in the various developed crystallographic structures.

关键词： Voltage control of magnetism Magneto-ionics Electrolyte gating Ternary nitrides Ion transport

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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo eric Cox peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(ppiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(pptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(pI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

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Effects of length alteration of OpE-containing mono- and dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes on photophysical, structural and morphological properties

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8893-8903页

作者： Jason Koon-Lam poon Sammual Yu-Lut Leung eric Ka-Ho Wong Vivian Wing-Wah Yam Institute of Molecular Functional Materials State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

A series of mononuclear complexes and unsymmetric dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II)terpyridine complexes with oligo(paraphenylene ethynylene)(OpE)-derived backbone with a variation of the lengths of alkoxy chains and OpE backbones was *** morphological properties,packing lattice and gelation behaviors of the mononuclear complexes were systematically studied,and the thermodynamic parameters and packing lattices of the dinuclear complexes were also investigated,providing further insights into the roles of the non-covalent interactions and their delicate balance in constructing sophisticated supramolecular *** and nanotube formation have been observed upon a delicate control of the intermolecular interactions by altering the lengths and structural dimensions of the complexes.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry self-assembled nanostructures platinum(II)complexes metallogel

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Assessment of Intangible Losses in Earthquake Engineering

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 469-485页

作者： Jaime García-pérez Orlando Díaz-López eric García-López Instituto de Ingeniera Ingeniera Estructural Edif 2 Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City Mxico Cobertizo San pedro Mrtir s/n Facultad de Ciencias Jurdicas y Sociales Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Espaa

In order to find optimum design parameters in earthquake engineering, an objective function is optimized. This function comprises the initial cost of a structure and the cost due to the damage of earthquakes. Intangible losses may be included in the latter, such as how much society is willing to invest to preserve a human life. In this paper, the expression of the objective function is developed in terms of the seismic design coefficient, and the aforementioned intangible loss is calculated from both the individual point of view and that of society. The calculation of the intangible is based on utility curves. Finally, optimum seismic design coefficients are calculated for a firm ground site.

关键词： Seismic Risk Optimum Coefficients Structural Reliability Intangible Losses Utility

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan potter Jacob p.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(pLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and pLR,but aging did not worsen the existing pLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd Gabriela E.Martinez eric van Heugten Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(p≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(p>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(ppplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water ***(p=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(ppplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,pppplementation compared to *** proliferation was reduced(p=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,p=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(p<0.05)and was re

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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