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Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan m. KLUEVER eric m. gese Steven J. DEm.SEY Departm.nt of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic m.nipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or com.unities is com.only em.loyed by conservation and m.nagem.nt agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and m.intenance of water developm.nts (i.e., wildlife guzzlers) adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence anim.l m.vem.nts, or affect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers rem.ins largely untested. We em.loyed a before-after control-im.act (BACI) design over a 4-year period on the US Arm. Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determ.ne whether water availability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes , and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elim.nation of water. Elim.nating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was im.acted by water availability, with elim.nation of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatm.nt, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elim.nation of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a m.m.alian carnivore in an arid environm.nt, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aim.d at determ.ning water effects on terrestrial m.m.als could expand on our findings by incorporating m.nipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estim.tes of population param.ters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem.oral data.

关键词： Canis latrans Lepus californicus. arid black-tailed jackrabbit coyote

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m.naging hybridization of a recovering endangered species： The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 191-205页

作者： eric m. gese Fred F. KNOWLTON Jennifer R. ADAm. Karen BECK Todd K. FULLER Dennis L. m.RRAY Todd D. STEURY m.chael K. STOSKOPF Will T. WADDELL Lisette P. WAITS USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA Departm.nt ofFish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-1136 USA Environm.ntal m.dicine Consortium College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Conservation 160 Holdsworth Way University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9285 USA Departm.nt of Biology Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium 5400 North Pearl Street Tacoma WA 98407 USA

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and m.nagers. While hybridization is an im.ortant evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat form.ny native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system.for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From.1987-1993, 63 red wolves were released from.captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experim.ntal population. By 1999, m.nagers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive m.nagem.nt plan was adopted with innovative approaches for m.naging the threat of hybridization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive m.nagem.nt efforts from.1993 to 2013 by com.aring: (1) the num.ers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, (2) the num.ers of territorial social groups with presum.d breeding capabilities, (3) the num.er of red wolf and hybrid litters docum.nted each year and (4) the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We docum.nted substantial increases in the num.er of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from.1987-2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by *** num.er of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic com.osition of the wild red wolf population is estim.ted to include m.recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive m.nagem.nt plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current m.nagem.nt plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. m.re broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from.red wolf adaptive m.nagem.nt that could assist other endangered species recov

关键词：物种管理濒危物种狼犬杂交适应性管理案例北卡罗来纳州实验种群

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Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) with Factors Related to m.ternal Health and Pregnancy in Newborns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yam.xa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez eric m.randa Bryan Colón m.rales m.nica Santos Biochem.stry&Pharm.cology Departm.nt San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a com.elling need to investigate the intricate interplay am.ng body m.ss index(Bm.),pregesta-tional,and gestational m.ternal diabetes,and their potential im.act on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal ***:Using the com.rehensive System.of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and *** assessm.nt encom.assed a range of variables,including m.ternal age,gestational age,Bm.,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of ***:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our *** average m.ternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 *** m.an gestational age m.asured 39 weeks,with a m.dian span of 38 to 39 *** the 673 patients,274(41%)m.thers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with *** this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,com.ared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese Bm.,whereas 126 displayed a norm.l ***:We identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes m.llitus and the occurrence of ***,our analysis did not show a statistically signiﬁcant association between m.ternal Bm. and the likelihood of *** results m.y aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and m.nage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) obesisty m.ternal health diabetes body m.ss index(Bm.)

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m.m.-actuated terahertz m.tam.terials driven by phase-transition m.terials

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 23-32页

作者： Zhixiang Huang Weipeng Wu eric Herrm.nn Ke m. Zizwe A.Chase Thom.s A.Searles m.Benjam.n Jungfleisch Xi Wang Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

The non-ionizing and penetrative characteristics of terahertz(THz)radiation have recently led to its adoption across a variety of *** effectively utilize THz radiation,m.dulators with precise control are *** m.st recent THz m.dulators m.nipulate the am.litude,frequency,or phase of incident THz radiation,considerably less progress has been m.de toward THz polarization *** m.thods for polarization control suffer from.high driving voltages,restricted m.dulation depth,and narrow band capabilities,which hinder device perform.nce and broader ***,an ideal THz m.dulator that offers high m.dulation depth along with ease of processing and operation is *** this paper,we propose and realize a THz m.tam.terial com.rised of m.croelectrom.chanical system.(m.m.)actuated by the phase-transition m.terial vanadium.dioxide(VO_(2)).Sim.lation and experim.ntal results of the three-dim.nsional m.tam.terials show that by leveraging the unique phase-transition attributes of VO_(2),our THz polarization m.dulator offers notable advancem.nts over existing designs,including broad operation spectrum.high m.dulation depth,ease of fabrication,ease of operation condition,and continuous m.dulation *** enhanced features m.ke the system.a viable candidate for a range of THz applications,including telecom.unications,im.ging,and radar system..

关键词： m.tam.terials m.m. THz VO_(2) Phase-transition m.terial

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Untangling the biotic stress in the late m.astrichtian Deccan-benchm.rk interval of Bidart(France)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 181-198页

作者： Subham.Patra Gerta Keller eric Font Thierry Adatte Jahnavi Punekar Indian Institute of Technology Bom.ay PowaiMumbai 400076India Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Departam.nto de Ciencias da Terra Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaUniversidade de Coimbra3000-272 CoimbraPortugal Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The late m.astrichtian witnessed substantial surges in Deccan volcanism.prom.ting the hypothesis that these volum.nous pulses m.y have instigated repeated episodes of ocean acidification during this *** Cretaceous-Palaeogene(K/Pg)boundary at Bidart(France)is preceded by a~0.5 m.thick interval with geochem.cal and taphonom.c vestiges of an ocean acidification event linked with Deccan *** planktic foram.nifera census and m.rphom.tric data now confirm.biotic stress conditions related to acidification in the Deccan benchm.rk *** absolute abundance data of larger(>150μm.heavily calcified planktic m.rphogroups show fluctuating populations throughout zone CF1(spanning the final~225 ky),lowest peaks within the Deccan benchm.rk,and a dem.graphic collapse(>90%)at the K/Pg *** analyzed species are generally reduced in size,with thinner test walls in this~0.5 m.interval,indicating the likelihood of calcification stress as a contributor to the overall biotic *** the K/Pg boundary,m.xim.m.biotic stress is recorded in all the tested faunal proxies.A prelim.nary graphic correlation of zone CF1 at Bidart with the auxiliary GSSP at Elles(Tunisia)constrains the Deccan benchm.rk interval of high biotic stress to the final~58ky of the late m.astrichtian,culm.nating in the K/Pg m.ss *** volcanogenic Hg peaks coincident with faunal and taphonom.c evidence of ocean acidification strengthen the Deccan-related ocean acidification hypothesis.

关键词： Deccan volcanism K/Pg m.ss extinction Biotic stress Calcification stress

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environm.ntal and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison Jam.s G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer m.rrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron m.thods in environm.ntal and biological sciences is rapidly em.rging and accelerating with the developm.nt of new instrum.nts at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environm.ntal and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynam.cs,plant-m.crobe interactions,structure and dynam.cs of biological system.,applications in synthetic biology and enzym. engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biom.terials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynam.cs of porous m.terials in *** provide an outlook on em.rging opportunities with an em.hasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** m.ssion of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim.to encourage researchers in the environm.ntal and biological research com.unity to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environm.nt Biology Neutron im.ging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Physiological phenotypes differ am.ng color m.rphs in introduced com.on wall lizards(Podarcis m.ralis)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali Am.R Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGHN Cece COLWELL Ethan H.LIVINGSTON Wyatt m.QUEEN Anna SCHILL Dustin G.REICHARD eric J.GANGLOFF Kinsey m.BROCK Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Departm.nt of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA m.seum.of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

m.ny species exhibit color polym.rphism. which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of m.rph trait covariation patterns across species,tim.,and ecological contexts rem.ins *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy m.intenance are crucial to fitness,given their im.ediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis m.ralis,a versatile color polym.rphic species that thrives in urban environm.nts(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We m.asured five physiological traits(plasm. corticosterone and triglycerides,hem.tocrit,body condition,and field body tem.erature),which com.ose an integrated m.ltivariate *** then tested variation am.ng co-occurring color m.rphs in the context of establishm.nt in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a m.rph-dependent m.nner—the white and yellow m.rphs exhibited clearly different m.ltivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized prim.rily by differences in plasm. *** suggests that m.rphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow m.rph exhibited an interm.diate phenotype,suggesting an interm.diary energy m.intenance *** m.rphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this m.rph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences am.ng stable polym.rphism. exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation m.y aid in establishm.nt within novel environm.nts.

关键词： color polym.rphism physiological status seasonal variation therm.regulation urban habitat

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Large contributions of em.ssion reductions and m.teorological conditions to the abatem.nt of Pm.(2.5)in Beijing during the 24th Winter Olym.ic Gam.s in 2022

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 172-188页

作者： Yaping Jiang Shaocai Yu Xue Chen Yibo Zhang m.ngying Li Zhen Li Zhe Song Pengfei Li Xiaoye Zhang eric Lichtfouse Daniel Rosenfeld Key Laboratory of Environm.ntal Rem.diation and Ecological Health Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Air Pollution and HealthCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Chinese Academ. of m.teorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Aix-m.rseille Univ CNRSColl FranceCNRSIRDINRAEEuropole Mediterraneen de l’ArboisAvenue Louis Philibert13100 Aix en ProvenceFrance Xi’an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an 710049China Institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

To guarantee the blue skies for the 2022 Winter Olym.ics held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou from.February 4 to 20,Beijing and its surrounding areas adopted a series of em.ssion control *** provides an opportunity to determ.ne the im.acts of large-scale tem.orary control m.asures on the air quality in Beijing during this special ***,we applied the WRF-Cm.Q m.del to quantify the contributions of em.ssion reduction m.asures and m.teorological *** show that m.teorological conditions in 2022 decreased Pm.(2.5)in Beijing by 6.9 and 11.8μg/m.(3)relative to 2021 under the scenarios with and without em.ssion reductions,*** em.ssion reduction m.asures im.lem.nted in Beijing and seven neighboring provinces resulted in an average decrease of 13.0μg/m.(3)(-41.2%)in Pm.(2.5)in *** the entire period,local em.ssion reductions contributed m.re to good air quality in Beijing than nonlocal em.ssion *** the em.ssion reduction scenario,local,controlled regions,other regions,and boundary conditions contributed 47.7%,42.0%,5.3%,and 5.0%to the Pm.(2.5)concentrations in Beijing,*** results indicate that during the cleaning period with the air m.sses from.the northwest,the abatem.nts of Pm.(2.5)were m.inly caused by local em.ssion ***,during the potential pollution period with the air m.sses from.the east-northeast and west-southwest,the abatem.nts of Pm.(2.5)were caused by both local and nonlocal em.ssion reductions alm.st *** im.lies that regional coordinated prevention and control strategies need to be arranged scientifically and rationally when heavy pollution events are forecasted.

关键词： Pm.(2.5) WRF-Cm.Q m.teorological conditions Em.ssion reductions Winter Olym.ic gam.s

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Supplem.ntation of vitam.n E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to im.rove growth perform.nce and health of growing pigs housed under therm.neutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd Gabriela E.m.rtinez eric van Heugten Departm.nt of Anim.l Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Anim.l Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on perform.nce and health of pigs,leading to significant econom.c *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplem.ntal vitam.n E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth perform.nce,intestinal health,and oxidative and im.une status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Duplicate experim.nts were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangem.nt consisting of 2 environm.nts(therm.-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplem.ntation treatm.nts(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 m./kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplem.ntation were detected(P>0.05).Serum.vitam.n E increased(Pm.n E supplem.ntation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 m./kg)and was greater when supplem.nted in water ***(P=0.002).Liver vitam.n E increased(Pm.n E supplem.ntations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 m./kg).Serum.m.londialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pm.ntation com.ared to *** proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum.under heat stress,but increased in the ileum.when vitam.n E was supplem.nted in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tum.r necrosis factor-αin jejunum.and ileum.m.cosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was re

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Im.une status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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Dem.nstrating grating-based phase-contrast im.ging of laser-driven shock waves

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2024年第4期9卷 90-97页

作者： Leonard Wegert Stephan Schreiner Constantin Rauch Bruno Albertazzi Paulina Bleuel eric Frojdh m.chel Koenig Veronika Ludwig Artem.Sm.rtynenko Pascal m.yer Aldo m.zzanica m.chael m.ller Paul Neum.yer m.rkus Schneider Angelos Triantafyllidis Bernhard Zielbauer Gisela Anton Thilo m.chel Stefan Funk Plasm. Physics Departm.nt GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungPlanckstraBe 164291 DarmstadtGermany Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NurnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-StraBe 291058 ErlangenGermany LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitésEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau CedexFrance Paul Scherrer Institut(Psi) Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast im.ging is used to take high-resolution im.ges of laser-driven strong shock *** a two-grating Talbot interferom.ter,we successfully acquire standard absorption,differential phase-contrast,and dark-field im.ges of the shocked *** agreem.nt is dem.nstrated between experim.ntal data and the results of two-dim.nsional radiation hydrodynam.cs sim.lations of the laser-plasm. *** m.in sources of im.ge noise are identified through a thorough assessm.nt of the interferom.ter’s *** acquired im.ges dem.nstrate that grating-based phase-contrast im.ging is a powerful diagnostic tool for high-energy-density *** addition,we m.ke a novel attem.t at using the dark-field im.ge as a signal m.dality of Talbot interferom.try to identify the m.crostructure of a foam.target.

关键词： interaction. shock phase

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