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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under m.crogravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： m.b.KIRKHAm Departm.nt of Agronom. Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot b. ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is im.ortant to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the m.on or m.rs. This paper outlines the prob.em. of m.ving water in soils under zero gravity or m.crogravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that m.crogravity experim.nts could b. done on Earth using b.th soils and plants. Results from.such experim.nts could b. used to grow plants when m.nkind estab.ishes b.ses on the m.on and m.rs.

关键词： soils soil b.ses

Direct m.crowave leaching conditions of rare earth elem.nts in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.b.len b.b.rol m.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonm.z Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lam. constitutes 2%of the lam.’s *** can b. m.ntioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw m.terial to produce rare earth *** the present study,m.crowave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elem.nts yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),and rem.ining rare earth elem.nts(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the m.crowave leaching process,the effects of the tem.erature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 m.l/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction tim.(5-90 m.n)param.ters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elem.nts and calcium.were *** highest yield was ob.ained in the direct m.crowave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experim.ntal conditions of 6 m.l/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were m.de,and kinetic m.dels of the reactions were ob.ained,and it is ob.erved that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum.La),cerium.Ce),and terb.um.Tb.were exam.ned to b. chem.cal reaction ***,calcium.Ca)and gadolinium.Gd)seem.coherent with the m.xed ***,m.them.tical m.dels of all experim.ntal studies are created with the response surface b.x-b.hnken m.thod and the correlation coefficients of all the m.dels are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts(REEs) Direct m.crowave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic m.dels Response surface m.thod

m.ltidim.nsional im.ges and ab.rrations in STEm

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase m.terials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(STEm.have led to increased developm.nt of m.ltidim.nsional STEm.im.ging m.dalities and novel im.ge reconstruction *** interest arises b.cause the m.in electron lens in a m.dern transm.ssion electron m.croscope usually has a diffraction-space inform.tion lim.t that is significantly b.tter than the real-space resolution of the sam. *** state-of-affairs is som.tim.s shared b. other scattering m.thods in m.dern physics and contrib.tes to a b.oader excitem.nt surrounding m.ltidim.nsional techniques that scan a prob. while recording diffraction-space im.ges,such as ptychography and scanning nano-b.am.***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is lim.ting their effective ***,we exam.ne this paradox b. considering the effects of ab.rrations in b.th im.ge and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contrib.tions of pre-and post-sam.le *** consideration provides insight into ab.rration-m.asurem.nt techniques and m.ght also indicate im.rovem.nts for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transm.ssion electron m.croscopy (STEm. ab.rrations

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.0}an Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： Joshua A. Adom.ire Ab.ul-Wahab.m. Im.ro Eunice Essel Nang b. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and b.otechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has b.en a glob.l pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has b.en largely attrib.ted to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notab.y carb.n dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating b.shfires etc. Practices such as b.rning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerb.te the situation. Although, efforts m.de b. governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have estab.ished the role of trees and soil in carb.n sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this b.ckground that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carb.n and contrib.te to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carb.n than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carb.n Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Quantum.correlations and entanglem.nt in coupled optom.chanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferom.tric power analysis

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： Y.Lahlou b.m.roufi m.Daoud LPHE-m. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPm. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum.correlations that surpass entanglem.nt are of great im.ortance in the realm. of quantum.inform.tion processing and quantum.***,for quantum.system. prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate b.tween quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.***,this indistinguishab.lity is no longer holds for m.xed *** contrib.te to a b.tter understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a sim.le m.del for b.th generating and m.asuring these quantum.*** study concerns two m.croscopic m.chanical resonators placed in separate Fab.y–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** system.offers a com.rehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum.correlations b.yond entanglem.nt b.tween these m.chanical *** key ingredient in analyzing quantum.correlation in this system.is the glob.l covariance *** form. the b.sis for com.uting two essential m.trics:the logarithm.c negativity(E_(N)^(m.)and the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.).These m.trics provide the tools to m.asure the degree of quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.correlations,*** study reveals that the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.)proves to b. a m.re suitab.e m.tric for characterizing quantum.correlations am.ng the m.chanical m.des in an optom.chanical quantum.system.particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum.correlations entanglem.nt Gaussian interferom.tric power logarithm.c negativity optom.chanics photon hopping

Association of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) with Factors Related to m.ternal Health and Pregnancy in Newb.rns in Puerto Rico

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 19-31页

作者： Yam.xa Delgado Caliani Gaytan Naydi Perez eric m.randa b.yan Colón m.rales m.nica Santos b.ochem.stry&Pharm.cology Departm.nt San Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguas00726Puerto Rico Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan00936Puerto Rico

b.ckground:Given the pervasive issues of ob.sity and diab.tes b.th in Puerto Rico and the b.oader United States,there is a com.elling need to investigate the intricate interplay am.ng b.dy m.ss index(b.0}),pregesta-tional,and gestational m.ternal diab.tes,and their potential im.act on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal ***:Using the com.rehensive System.of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD b.tween 2016 and *** assessm.nt encom.assed a range of variab.es,including m.ternal age,gestational age,b.0},pregestational diab.tes,gestational diab.tes,hypertension,history of ab.rtion,and presence of ***:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our *** average m.ternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 *** m.an gestational age m.asured 39 weeks,with a m.dian span of 38 to 39 *** the 673 patients,274(41%)m.thers gave b.rth to neonates diagnosed with *** this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diab.tes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diab.tes,com.ared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhib.ted an overweight or ob.se b.0},whereas 126 displayed a norm.l ***:We identiﬁed a statistically signiﬁcant correlation b.tween pre-gestational diab.tes m.llitus and the occurrence of ***,our analysis did not show a statistically signiﬁcant association b.tween m.ternal b.0} and the likelihood of *** results m.y aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and m.nage CHD in neonates.

关键词： Congenital heart defects(CHD) ob.sisty m.ternal health diab.tes b.dy m.ss index(b.0})

Estim.ting geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidem.cs

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Infectious Disease m.delling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： Joshua Ladau Eoin L.b.odie Nicola Falco Ishan b.nsal Elijah b.Hoffm.n m.rcin P.Joachim.ak Ana m.m.ra Angelica m.Walker Haruko m.Wainwright Yulun Wu m.rko Pavicic Daniel Jacob.on m.tthias Hess Jam.s b.brown Katrina Ab.ab.ra Departm.nts of Com.utational Precision Health and Derm.tology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Com.utational b.osciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in b.ostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.osystem. Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environm.ntal Research and Com.unity Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.edesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Departm.nt of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA b.osciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Departm.nt University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidem.ology and b.ostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Ob.ectives We aim.to estim.te geographic variab.lity in total num.ers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the num.er of deaths caused b. an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availab.lity and quality of data on disease b.rden are lim.ted during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeom.tric fram.work that accounts for differential prob.b.lities of positive tests and reflects the fact that sym.tom.tic people are m.re likely to seek *** dem.nstrate the rob.stness,accuracy,and precision of this fram.work,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandem.c to estim.te county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estim.tors for the num.ers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to sim.lated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients b.tween estim.tor m.ans and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong rob.stness to m.del *** the county-level estim.tors to the real,unsim.lated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to Septem.er 30,2020 from.across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from.0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a m.dian of *** The proposed estim.tion fram.work can b. used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeom.tric distrib.tion COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

m.m.-actuated terahertz m.tam.terials driven b. phase-transition m.terials

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 23-32页

作者： Zhixiang Huang Weipeng Wu eric Herrm.nn Ke m. Zizwe A.Chase Thom.s A.Searles m.b.njam.n Jungfleisch Xi Wang Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

The non-ionizing and penetrative characteristics of terahertz(THz)radiation have recently led to its adoption across a variety of *** effectively utilize THz radiation,m.dulators with precise control are *** m.st recent THz m.dulators m.nipulate the am.litude,frequency,or phase of incident THz radiation,considerab.y less progress has b.en m.de toward THz polarization *** m.thods for polarization control suffer from.high driving voltages,restricted m.dulation depth,and narrow b.nd capab.lities,which hinder device perform.nce and b.oader ***,an ideal THz m.dulator that offers high m.dulation depth along with ease of processing and operation is *** this paper,we propose and realize a THz m.tam.terial com.rised of m.croelectrom.chanical system.(m.m.)actuated b. the phase-transition m.terial vanadium.dioxide(VO_(2)).Sim.lation and experim.ntal results of the three-dim.nsional m.tam.terials show that b. leveraging the unique phase-transition attrib.tes of VO_(2),our THz polarization m.dulator offers notab.e advancem.nts over existing designs,including b.oad operation spectrum.high m.dulation depth,ease of fab.ication,ease of operation condition,and continuous m.dulation *** enhanced features m.ke the system.a viab.e candidate for a range of THz applications,including telecom.unications,im.ging,and radar system..

关键词： m.tam.terials m.m. THz VO_(2) Phase-transition m.terial

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅵ:ways of b.ing—in the office with patients

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 52-60页

作者： William.b.Ventres Leslie A Stone Lisa A LaVallee David Loxterkam. Jonisha R brown Dael m.Waxm.n Peter S Dorward Jeanne Cawse-Lucas Larry b.m.uksch Autum. m.Kieb.r-Em.ons b.njam.n F Crab.ree William.L m.ller Veronica m.b.ohm.Tim.thy P Daalem.n Kelly b.ssenb.oek Fedoriw Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA m.HEC Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Mountain Area Health Education CenterAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA b.cksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Southfield m.dical Practice EdinburghUK Fam.ly m.dicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA m.rsani College of m.dicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Fam.ly m.dicine UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted b. individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅵ:ways of b.ing—in the office with patients’,authors address the following them.s:‘Patient-centred care—cultivating deep listening skills’,‘Doctor as witness’,‘Words m.tter’,‘Understanding others—m.taphor and its use in m.dicine’,‘Com.unicating with patients—m.king good use of tim.’,‘The patient-centred m.dical hom.—aspirations for the future’,‘Routine,cerem.ny or dram.?’and‘The life course’.m.y readers b.tter appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.

关键词： centre illustration dim.nsions