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Parasitic Plants <i>Striga</i>and <i>Phelipanche</i>Dependent upon Exogenous Strigolactones for Germination Have Retained Genes for Strigolactone Biosynthesis

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1151-1166页

作者： Malay Das Monica Fernández-Aparicio Zhenzhen Yang k.n Huang Norman J. Wick.tt Shannon Alford eric k. wafula Claude dePamphilis Harro Bouwmeester Michael P. Timk. John I. Yoder James H. Westwood Department of Plant Pathology Physiology and Weed Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biological Sciences Presidency University Kolkata India Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Department of Plant Breeding Spanish National Research Council Córdoba Spain Department of Biology Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA Laboratory of Plant Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis CA USA

Strigolactones are plant hormones with multiple functions, including regulating various aspects of plant architecture such as shoot branching, facilitating the colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and acting as seed germination stimulants for certain parasitic plants of the family Orobanchaceae. The obligate parasitic species Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Striga hermonthica require strigolactones for germination, while the facultative parasite Triphysaria versicolor does not. It has been hypothesized that P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica would have undergone evolutionary loss of strigolactone biosynthesis as a part of their mechanism to enable specific detection of exogenous strigolactones. We analyzed the transcriptomes of P. aegyptiaca, S. hermonthica and T. versicolor and identified genes k.own to act in strigolactone synthesis (D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1), perception (MAX2 and D14) and transport (PDR12). These genes were then analyzed to assess lik.lihood of function. Transcripts of all strigolactone-related genes were found in P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica, and evidence points to their encoding functional proteins. Gene open reading frames were consistent with homologs from Arabidopsis and other strigolactone-producing plants, and all genes were expressed in parasite tissues. In general, the genes related to strigolactone synthesis and perception appeared to be evolving under codon-based selective constraints in strigolactone-dependent species. Bioassays of S. hermonthica root extracts indicated the presence of strigolactone class stimulants on germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds. Tak.n together, these results indicate that Phelipanche aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica have retained functional genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis, suggesting that the parasites use both endogenous and exogenous strigolactones and have mechanisms to differentiate the two.

关键词： Broomrape Phelipanche Striga Strigolactone Triphysaria Witchweed

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