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Implementing New Approaches to Tuberculosis Control

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China CDC weekly 2021年第12期3卷 256-259页

作者： Kristine M.Guinn eric j.Rubin Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA

As someone who has studied tuberculosis(TB)formany years,it is difficult for me to admit,buttuberculosis has not been the most exciting field inmedicine for a long *** vaccine that is used inmuch of the world was deve... 详细信息

关键词： tuberculosis vaccine clinical

Wheat yield prediction by zero sink and equilibrium-type soil phosphorus tests

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 543-554页

作者： Walter W.WENZEL Cornelia MESMER eric j.FLORIDA Markus PUSCHENREITER Holger KIRCHMANN Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad-Lorenz-Straße 24Tulln A-3430Austria College of Agriculture and Forestry Mindanao State University at NaawanNaawan 9023Philippines Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaLennart Hjelms väg 9Uppsala 75651Sweden

Diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)measurements have been shown to outperform other phosphorus(P)tests in soils with strong P sorption,but this has not been confirmed for moderately weathered European *** compared the performance of DGT in predicting wheat grain yield in Swedish long-term fertility experiments with those of standard intensity(water-extractable P(P-H2O))and quantity(ammonium lactate-extractable P(P-AL))tests.A Mitscherlich-type model was used to fit wheat yield response to P application rates(0,15,30 or 35,and 45 kg P ha-1 year-1)in each individual trial replicate to estimate the maximum *** trials with clear plateau-type yield responses and the goodness of fit(R2)>0.75,relative yields(RYs)were calculated for each P treatment and plotted against the soil P test results(n=143).The goodness of the Mitscherlich-type fits decreased in the following order:DGT-measured P(P-DGT)(R2=0.35)>P-H2O(R2=0.18)>P-AL(R2=0.13).When excluding soils with P-AL:P-DGT≥0.1 L g-1,R2 was considerably improved to 0.55 for P-AL,0.46 for P-H2O,and 0.65 for P-DGT(n=61).At 95%of maximum yield,the upper limit of P deficiency for P-DGT was 44.8(the soils with P-AL:P-DGT<0.1 L g-1)and 61.9μg L-1(all soils),falling within the range reported for other European and Australian soils(6.0–142μg L-1).We show that in the investigated Swedish soils,DGT performed better than the quantity and intensity tests,which is attributed to its ability to capture P diffusion and resupply from the soil solid phase,similar to plant roots in the rhizosphere.

关键词： ammonium lactate-extractable phosphorus diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) distribution coefficient long-term field experiment Mitscherlich-type model

Honeydew volatile emission acts as a kairomonal message for the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 498-506页

作者： Pascal D. Leroy Stephanie Heuskin Ahmed Sabri Fran( ois j. Verheggen j.lien Farmakidis Georges Lognay Philippe Thonart j.an-Paul Wathelet Yves Brostaux eric Haubruge Departments of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Departments of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-BioTech Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 4000 Sart-Tilman Departments of General and Organic Chemistry Departments of Appfied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is considered as an invasive species in most territories where it has been introduced. Because aphid honeydew acts as an attraetant for many aphid predators and parasitoids, the obj.ctives of this work were to collect and identify the volatile compounds released from the aphid excretory product to evaluate how these semiochemicals could affect the H. axyridis foraging behavior. Twelve volatile chemicals were identified from the Megoura viciae Buckton honeydew including four alcohols, three ketones, three aldehydes, a pyrazine and a monoterpene. The volatiles 3-methyl-l-butanol and 3-methyl-butanal were highlighted as the two most abundant semiochemicals released from the M. viciae honeydew. Vieia faba L. plants treated with crude honeydew attracted more than 80% of the tested individuals with 40% of attracted beetles located on the plant. Four volatile compounds （3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol and limonene） were also highlighted to attract more than 75% of the coccinellids toward the odor source and to locate about 35% of them on the plants. Limonene was the most efficient attractant since 89% of the H. axyridis responded to this odor. The use of the identified semiochemicals as well as the composition of an artificial honeydew could certainly be helpful to control the dispersal of the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis.

关键词： aphid honeydew attractant Harmonia axyridis kairomone semiochemicals

Problem Drinking Behaviors: Differential Effects of Stress and School Type on College Students

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Open j.urnal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第4期4卷 216-221页

作者： Alvin Tran eric j. Nehl j.ssica Sales Carla j. Berg Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta USA

Given that alcohol use is highly prevalent at US colleges, we explored factors related to problem drinking behaviors (PDB;binge drinking, driving after drinking, sexual intercourse after drinking) among 4098 Black and White students from two- and four-year colleges who completed an online survey. We found an interaction between race and sex such that, among Whites, females had less PDB than males (B = 0.09, CI: 0.05;0.40, p = 0.01). An interaction between race and school type also existed, such that White students from four-year schools had greater PDB (B = 0.11, CI: 0.20;0.54, p < 0.001). An interaction between race and stress suggested that Black students were more negatively affected by stress in terms of PBD (B = 0.12, CI: 0.01;0.07, p = 0.01).

关键词： Problem Drinking Behaviors College Students Binge Drinking Alcohol Use

Vestibular migraine in low-and lower-middle-income countries:A scoping review

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j.urnal of Otology 2023年第3期18卷 173-184页

作者： eric K.Kim Amina Seguya May Htoo Thaw Peggy Tahir eric j.Formeister Christopher j.Waterworth Ali F.j.ffer The Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Ear Nose and Throat SurgeonMulago National Referral HospitalKampalaUganda Eye ORL-HNS HospitalMandalayMyanmar UCSF Library University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Nossal Institute for Global Health University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia HearWell Audiology Clinic Dar es SalaamTanzania

Background:Vestibular migraine(VM)is a common cause of dizziness that is underrecognized,underdiagnosed,and challenging to effectively *** prevalence,appropriate diagnostic workup,and therapies for VM in low-and lower-middle-income countries(LLMICs)remain *** obj.ctive of this scoping review is to evaluate the current state of VM research in ***:PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science databases were searched to execute a scoping review of ***“vestibular diseases”and“vertigo”were used in combination with terms referring to LLMICs as defined by the World *** and abstract screening,full-text review,and data collection were conducted by two authors ***:Twenty-six studies were included in the scoping *** studies were cross-sectional(57.7%)or case studies/series(23.1%)and were conducted in urban settings only(92.3%).Geographic distribution of studies was skewed,with 65.4%of articles originating from *** prevalence of VM among clinic patients ranged from 0.3%to 33.3%.VM most frequently presented as headache,nausea and vomiting,and *** imaging,audiometry,and electronystagmography/videonystagmography were the three most commonly utilized diagnostic modalities in the dizziness *** most studied pharmacotherapies included calcium channel blockers,followed by beta-blockers and *** studies and series discussed less common VM pharmacotherapies,such as ayurvedic ***:There is a need for more VM research in LLMICs,including innovative diagnostic approaches and therapies that can improve VM care *** partnerships between LLMIC and highincome country researchers must expand vestibular research capacity and productivity in LLMICs.

关键词： Vestibular migraine Migraine Global Otolaryngology Scoping review

An ensemble method for gene discovery based on DNA microarray data

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第5期47卷 396-405页

作者： Kathy L. MOSER eric j. TOPOL Department of Medicine Institute of Human Genetics University of Minnesota Minnesota 55455 USA Center for Cardiovascular Genetics Department of Cardiovascular Medicine the Cleveland Clinic Foundation 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44195 USADepartment of Molecular Cardiology the Cleveland Clinic Foundation 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44195 USA

The advent of DNA microarray technology has offered the promise of casting new insights onto deciphering secrets of life by monitoring activities of thousands of genes simulta-neously. Current analyses of microarray data focus on precise classification of biological types, for example, tumor versus normal tissues. A further scientific challenging task is to extract dis-ease-relevant genes from the bewildering amounts of raw data, which is one of the most critical themes in the post-genomic era, but it is generally ignored due to lack of an efficient approach. In this paper, we present a novel ensemble method for gene extraction that can be tailored to fulfill multiple biological tasks including (i) precise classification of biological types; (ii) disease gene mining; and (iii) target-driven gene networking. We also give a numerical application for (i) and (ii) using a public microarrary data set and set aside a separate paper to address (iii).

关键词： microarrays,ensemble decision,recursive partition tree,feature gene selection.

Responses of early-successional songbirds to a two-stage shelterwood harvest for oak forest regeneration

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 253-263页

作者： eric L.Margenau Yong Wang Callie j.Schweitzer BrANDie K.Stringer Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Natural Resources West Virginia University Southern Research Station United States Forest Service

Background: The early stage of forest succession following disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as well as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understory. However, regeneration of woody species eventually outcompetes the herbaceous understory, subsequently shifting vegetation communities and decreasing availability of vital foraging and nesting cover for disturbance-dependent birds, ultimately resulting in their displacement. These early stages following forest disturbance, which are declining throughout the eastern United States, are ephemeral in nature and birds depend on such disturbances for nesting and other purposes throughout their ***: We investigated the use of a two-stage shelterwood method to manage long-term persistence of seven early successional songbirds over a 13-year period in an upland hardwood forest within the southern end of the midCumberland Plateau in the eastern United ***: Canopy and midstory gaps created after initial harvest were quickly exploited by tree growth and canopy cover returned to these areas, accelerating the displacement of early-successional species. Woody stem densities increased substantially following stage two harvest as advanced tree regeneration combined with the re-opening of the overstory layer increased resource competition for early-successional plants in the understory. Carolina Wren(Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern Towhee(Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Indigo Bunting(Passerina cyanea), and Yellowbreasted Chat(Icteria virens) were characterized by immediate increases following initial harvest in 2001; while the American Goldfinch(Spinus tristis), Prairie Warbler(Setophaga discolor), and White-eyed Vireo(Vireo griseus) did not show an immediate response. Stage two harvest in 2011 rej.venated vegetation which benefitted focal species, with six of seven species showing increases in densities between 2010 and ***: The two-stag

关键词： Early-successional forests Mid-Cumberland Plateau Silviculture Shelterwood Songbird community

Alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and its role in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第1期8卷 61-72页

作者： Fuwen Yuan William Hankey eric j.Wagner Wei Li Qianben Wang Department of Pathology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTX77555USA Department of Biological Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA

Alternative polyadenylation(APA)is a molecular process that generates diversity at the 3′end of RNA polymeraseⅡtranscripts from over 60%of human *** is derived from the existence of multiple polyadenylation signals(PAS)within the same transcript,and results in the differential inclusion of sequence information at the 3′*** APA can occur between two PASs allowing for generation of transcripts with distinct coding potential from a single gene,most APA occurs within the untranslated region(3′UTR)and changes the length and content of these non-coding *** within the 3′UTR can have tremendous impact on its regulatory potential of the mRNA through a variety of mechanisms,and indeed this layer of gene expression regulation has profound impact on processes vital to cell growth and *** studies have particularly highlighted the importance of APA dysregulation in cancer onset and ***,we review the current knowledge of APA and its impacts on mRNA stability,translation,localization and protein *** also discuss the implications of APA dysregulation in cancer research and therapy.

关键词： 3′untranslated region Alternative polyadenylation Cancer Gene regulation Polyadenylation signals

Effect of time-of-day and day-of-the-week on congestion duration and breakdown:A case study at a bottleneck in Salem,NH

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j.urnal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期4卷 31-40页

作者： eric M.Laflamme Paul j.Ossenbruggen Department of Mathematics Plymouth State UniversityPlymouthNH 03264USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New HampshireDurhamNH 03824USA

This work uses regression models to analyze two characteristics of recurrent congestion： breakdown, the transition from freely flowing conditions to a congested state, and duration, the time between the onset and clearance of recurrent congestion. First, we apply a binary logistic regression model where a continuous measurement for traffic flow and a dichoto- mous categorical variable for time-of-day （AM- or PM-rush hours） is used to predict the probability of breakdown. Second, we apply an ordinary least squares regression model where categorical variables for time-of-day （AM- or PM-rush hours） and day-of-the-week （Monday-Thursday or Friday） are used to predict recurrent congestion duration. Models are fitted to data collected from a bottleneck on 1-93 in Salem, NH, over a period of 9 months. Results from the breakdown model, predict probabilities of recurrent congestion, are consistent with observed traffic and illustrate an upshift in breakdown probabilities between the AM- and PM-rush periods. Results from the regression model for congestion duration reveal the presences of significant interaction between time-of-day and day-of-the-week. Thus, the effect of time-of-day on congestion duration depends on the day-of-the-week. This work provides a simplification of recurrent congestion and recovery, very noisy processes. Simplification, conveying complex relationships with simple statistical summaries-facts, is a practical and powerful tool for traffic administrators to use in the decision-making process.

关键词： Stochastic models Ordinary least squares regression Binary logistic regression Congestion duration Breakdown