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Progressive meristem and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying maize inflorescence development and sex differentiation

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1019-1037页

作者： Yonghao Sun Liang Dong Lu Kang Wanshun Zhong david Jackson Fang Yang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA School of Agriculture Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China

Maize develops separate ear and tassel inflorescences with initially similar morphology but ultimately different architecture and *** detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying these changes still remain largely *** this study,through analyzing the time-course meristem transcriptomes and floret single-cell transcriptomes of ear and tassel,we revealed the regulatory dynamics and pathways underlying inflorescence development and sex *** identified 16 diverse gene clusters with differential spatiotemporal expression patterns and revealed biased regulation of redox,programmed cell death,and hormone signals during meristem differentiation between ear and ***,based on their dynamic expression patterns,we revealed the roles of two RNA-binding proteins in regulating inflorescence meristem activity and axillary meristem ***,using the transcriptional profiles of 53910 single cells,we uncovered the cellular heterogeneity between ear and tassel *** found that multiple signals associatedwith either enhancedcell death or reduced growth are responsiblefortassel pistil suppression,while part of the gibberellic acid signal may act non-cell-autonomously to regulate ear stamen arrest during sex *** further showed that the pistil-protection gene SILKLESS 1(SK1)functions antagonistically to the known pistil-suppression genes through regulating common molecular pathways,and constructed a regulatory network for pistil-fate ***,our study provides a deep understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inflorescence development and sex differentiation in maize,laying the foundation for identifying new regulators and pathways for maize hybrid breeding and improvement.

关键词： maize inflorescence floral organ sex differentiation single-cell RNA sequencing RNA-binding protein

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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASb using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier Lafuente Xavier Gamisans david Gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GENOCOV Research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASb)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASb *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASb reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASb reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between GS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in GS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRb)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime-like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

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基于PDC法测量评估电机绝缘状态

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国外大电机 2024年第1期 32-37,52页

作者： [加拿大]eric david 刘梁玉(译) 宋秀芝(译) 付强(校) 不详

0引言。直流(DC,direct current)试验是用于维护和诊断电机定子绝缘系统最常用的试验方法。随着试验设备的不断改进和商业化,目前已经可以在阶跃电压试验(极化/去极化电流(PDC)试验)期间连续监测充电和放电电流。本文首先介绍了PDC法测... 详细信息

0引言。直流(DC,direct current)试验是用于维护和诊断电机定子绝缘系统最常用的试验方法。随着试验设备的不断改进和商业化,目前已经可以在阶跃电压试验(极化/去极化电流(PDC)试验)期间连续监测充电和放电电流。本文首先介绍了PDC法测量电机定子绕组绝缘老化状态的理论知识;随后以不同绝缘系统的定子线棒的PDC测试结果分析了线棒防晕层对测试结果的影响;然后分析了不同环境条件(吸潮、污染)对定子线棒/线圈的PDC测试结果的影响,同时分析了定子线棒绝缘未完全固化时对PDC测试结果的影响,也分析了运行52年的定子线棒在不同电压下测试的PDC参数。

关键词：绝缘系统电机定子绕组阶跃电压测试结果分析绝缘老化试验设备 PDC 连续监测

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古新世-始新世极热事件期间的浊积岩沉积对气候变化和天文旋回的响应

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第四纪研究 2024年第5期44卷 1225-1234页

作者：金思敏 david b.KEMP 张仲石黄春菊刘晴中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院大气科学系湖北武汉430074 中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室关键带演化湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430074

浊流是地表最重要的沉积物运移过程之一,主导了沉积物从大陆架到深海的输送。通过研究深时极热事件期间浊流的分布规律,可为类比推测未来全球变暖背景下浊流活动的变化趋势提供重要参考。前期研究发现,古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)期间... 详细信息

浊流是地表最重要的沉积物运移过程之一,主导了沉积物从大陆架到深海的输送。通过研究深时极热事件期间浊流的分布规律,可为类比推测未来全球变暖背景下浊流活动的变化趋势提供重要参考。前期研究发现,古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)期间,英国东部北海盆地的高频浊积砂岩沉积受到了气候变化的影响。本研究进一步对西班牙basque盆地Zumaia剖面古新统-始新统458层浊积岩(深度范围为-19.76~37.12 m)进行了时间序列分析,发现浊积岩沉积存在着显著的405 ka长偏心率周期信号。通过总结古新统-始新统浊积岩记录对天文旋回的响应,发现仅在英国北海盆地和西班牙basque盆地识别出了天文旋回信号,且这两个点位的地理位置与模拟结果显示的年平均降水对轨道参数变化的敏感区相吻合。此外,本研究还讨论了PETM期间不同沉积环境中浊积岩沉积记录对海平面变化和全球升温的响应。

关键词：古新世-始新世极热事件天文旋回浊积岩偏心率岁差

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Amorphous Iridium Oxide-Integrated Anode Electrodes with Ultrahigh Material Utilization for Hydrogen Production at Industrial Current Densities

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 225-239页

作者： Lei Ding Kui Li Weitian Wang Zhiqiang Xie Shule Yu Haoran Yu david ACullen Alex Keane Kathy Ayers Christopher bCapuano Fangyuan Liu Pu-Xian Gao Feng-Yuan Zhang Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Lab Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak RidgeTN 37831USA Nel Hydrogen WallingfordCT 06492USA Institute of Materials Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Herein,ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide(IrO_(x))thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells(PEMECs)via low-cost,environmentally friendly,and easily scalable electrodeposition at room *** with a Nafion 117 membrane,the IrO_(x)-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm^(-2)delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%,achieving more than 96%catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane(2 mg cm^(-2)).Additionally,the IrO_(x)electrode demonstrates superior performance,higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported ***,the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property,sufficient Ir^(3+)content,and rich surface hydroxide groups in ***,due to the high activity,high cell efficiency,an economical,greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process,and ultrahigh material utilization,the IrO_(x)electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution.

关键词： Ionomer-free Amorphous IrOx electrodes Ultrahigh material utilization Scalable electrodeposition Hydrogen production

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Unraveling the role of formate in improving nitrogen removal via coupled partial denitrification-anammox

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 79-90页

作者： Wanlu Zhu Rui Xiao Min Xu Wenbo Chai Wenlong Liu Zhengyu Jin david Ikumi Huijie Lu Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health(Ministry of Education) College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China China National Nuclear Corporation Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and MetallurgyBeijing 100029China College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs CommissionCollege of Life&Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China Water Research Group Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch 7700South Africa Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Hangzhou 310058China

The addition of traditional carbon sources(e.g.,acetate)could favor heterotrophic overgrowth in partial denitrification coupled with anammox(PD–A)systems,thus hindering the performance and stability of this novel wastewater nitrogen removal ***,it is necessary to develop an effective,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive *** study demonstrated the potential of formate to enhance the performance and community stability of PD–A under mainstream *** a laboratory-scale biofilm reactor,formate addition(COD/NO_(3)^(–)–N=1.75)improved nitrogen removal efficiency(from 72.1±3.5%to 81.7±2.7%),EPS content(from 106.3±8.1 to 163.0±15.5 mg/gVSS)and increased anammox bacteria growth(predominantly Candidatus brocadia,from 29.5±0.7%to 34.5±5.4%)while maintaining stable heterotrophs dominated by methylotrophic ***–NanoSIMS revealed a formate uptake using *** and Desulfobacillus,with *** being the major contributor to partial nitrate reduction to *** can synthesize diverse hydrophobic amino acids and provide key nutrients for *** achieve comparable nitrogen removal,the cost of the formate-driven PD–A process should be 11.2%lower than that of *** results greatly enrich our understanding of C1 metabolism represented by formate in anammox communities and its application in the context of coupling partial denitrification–anammox toward enhanced nitrogen removal in global wastewater treatment systems.

关键词： Formate Mixotrophic growth Partial denitrification-anammox Metabolic interaction FISH-NanoSIMS

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Organic heterojunction synaptic device with ultra high recognition rate for neuromorphic computing

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5614-5620页

作者： Xuemeng Hu Jialin Meng Tianyang Feng Tianyu Wang Hao Zhu Qingqing Sun david Wei Zhang Lin Chen School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and SystemsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China National Integrated Circuit Innovation Center Shanghai 201203China

Traditional computing structures are blocked by the von Neumann bottleneck,and neuromorphic computing devices inspired by the human brain which integrate storage and computation have received more and more ***,a flexible organic device with 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene(C8-bTbT)and 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(C10-DNTT)heterostructural channel having excellent synaptic behaviors was fabricated on muscovite(MICA)substrate,which has a memory window greater than 20 *** device shows better electrical characteristics than organic field effect transistors with single organic semiconductor ***,the device simulates organism synaptic behaviors successfully,such as paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),long-term potentiation/depression(LTP/LTD)process,and transition from short-term memory(STM)to long-term memory(LTM)by optical and electrical ***,the neuromorphic computing function was verified using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology(MNIST)pattern recognition,with a recognition rate nearly 100%without *** research proposes a flexible organic heterojunction with the ultra-high recognition rate in MNIST pattern recognition and provides the possibility for future flexible wearable neuromorphic computing devices.

关键词： organic heterojunction neuromorphic computing synapse behaviors optical modulation Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology(MNIST)pattern recognition

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Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 740-750页

作者： Phillip Gu Shishir Dube Norman Gellada So Yung Choi Susan Win Yoo Jin Lee Shaohong Yang Talin Haritunians Gil Y Melmed eric A Vasiliauskas Niru bonthala Gaurav Syal Andres J Yarur david Ziring Shervin Rabizadeh Phillip Fleshner Cindy Kallman Suzanne Devkota Stephan R Targan Dalin Li Dermot Pb McGovern Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of biostatistics Shared Resource Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Internal Medicine Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Department of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Medicine University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093United States Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

bACKGROUND Evidence suggests inflammatory mesenteric fat is involved in post-operative recurrence(POR)of Crohn’s disease(CD).However,its prognostic value is INTRODUCTION Crohn’s disease(CD)is a debilitating chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease(IMID)of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing in incidence and prevalence globally[1].CD patients often undergo surgery for disease-related complic-ations and/or medically refractory ***,surgery is not curative,and many patients develop post-operative recurrence(POR)of CD with a significant proportion eventually requiring additional *** advances in early detection and therapeutics,the contemporary 10-year risk of surgery has improved from 50%to 26%,but the risk of recurrent surgery has remained unchanged at 30%,suggesting a need to improve post-operative management strategies[2].Presently,there are two accepted strategies to mitigate POR,but each have potential ***,patients start early post-operative pharmacologic prophylaxis within 4-6 wk after *** strategy can potentially overtreat a subset of patient who may not develop long-term disease recurrence off ***,these patients are at risk of medication-related adverse events and the direct and indirect costs associated with therapy with little or no benefit[3].The second strategy is performing early colonoscopy within 6-12 months after surgery and escalating therapy based on FOOTNOTES Author contributions:Gu P is the guarantor of the article and was involved in concept and design,data collection,statistical analysis,drafting of manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Dube S and Choi SY were involved in statistical analysis,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Gellada N,Win S,Lee YJ and Yang S were involved in the data collection,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Haritunians T and Li D were involved in data analysis and interpretation,drafting

关键词： Crohn’s disease Surgery Visceral adipose tissue Mesenteric adipose tissue Creeping fat Computed tomography

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Coating powder beds with liquids and foams based on viscous formulations using a twin screw mixer: A continuous process study

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 364-376页

作者： Manga, Mohamed S. Kontziampasis, Dimitrios Al-Maqdad, Mustafa Clifford, Sean bakalis, Serafim York, david W. Univ Leeds Fac Engn & Phys Sci Sch Chem & Proc Engn Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Leeds Sch Mech Engn Fac Engn & Phys Sci Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Dundee Sch Sci & Engn Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland Cent South Univ Dundee Int Inst Tongzipo Rd Changsha 410013 Hunan Peoples R China Univ Newcastle Sch Engn Dept Chem Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU England Univ birmingham Sch Chem Engn Birmingham B15 2TT England Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Dept Chem Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Coating with viscous formulations has been essential in numerous industries as it can be a means for providing functionalization, additional properties, as well as other benefits. However, there have been scarce studies that have investigated and proposed methodologies in literature. Continuous coating of powders with viscous liquids poses as a promising technology, which has been mentioned in some studies, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper employs the use of image processing and analysis, in combination with statistical analysis of particles to evaluate the effectiveness of foams and liquids as a means of coating powder beds. Two different sizes of twin screw mixers that are working in continuous operation are employed, and a new continuous foaming device is fabricated and used for the experiments of coating. The effect of materials and process parameters (as for example rotational speed, and flowrate) on the quality of coating are investigated. Image analysis is used to assess the coating quality. The results clearly showcase the potential of using twin screw mixers for coating purposes and not only for mixing. The hypothesis that using large bubble foams to improve the coating of viscous liquids on particles is proven correct, as they provide higher quality coatings compared to their equivalent liquids, when used in the twin screw mixer. Surprisingly, using a larger scale twin screw mixer, does not show a substantial effect on the mixing, regarding quality, however there is still a requirement for mix optimization for achieving scale-up of this process. These results provide a new pathway for coating powders with viscous formulations in industrial applications, requiring less energy and effort in this process, and can pave the way towards introducing more sustainable industrial methodologies for coating. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier b.V. Thi

关键词： Powder coating Continuous processing Viscous liquid Foam Image analysis Positron emission particle traking (PEPT) EMISSION PARTICLE TRACKING GROWTH REGIME MAP WET GRANULATION ENCAPSULATION PENETRATION NUCLEATION

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Hepatitis b virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： Caecilia H C Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi david H Muljono Claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research Center for Molecular biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver Cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

Hepatitis b virus(HbV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis b that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HbV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HbV-related HCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against HCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HbV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the HCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

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