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Pain inhibition through transplantation of fetal neuronal progenitors into the injured.spinal cord.in rats

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 2011-2019页

作者： Chary M. Batista eric d. mariano Camila S. d.le Alexand.e F. Cristante Luiz R. Britto Jose P. Otoch Manoel J. Teixeira Matthias Morgalla Guilherme Lepski d.partment of Neurology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Orthoped.c and.Traumatology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Physiology and.Biophysics Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Neurosurgery Eberhard-Karls UniversityTuebingenGermany d.partment of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord.injury(SCI) is a complex cond.tion that respond. poorly to usual treatments. Cell transplantation represents a promising therapy;nevertheless, the id.al cell type in terms of neurogenic potential and.effectiveness against pain remains largely controversial. Here, we evaluated.the ability of fetal neural stem cells(fNSC) to relieve chronic pain and. second.rily, their effects on motor recovery. Ad.lt Wistar rats with traumatic SCI were treated. 10 d.ys after injury, with intra-spinal injections of culture med.um(sham) or fNSCs extracted.from telencephalic vesicles(TV group) or the ventral med.lla(VM group) of E/14 embryos. Sensory(von Frey filaments and.hot plate) and.motor(the Basso, Beattie,Bresnahan locomotor rating scale and.inclined.plane test) assessments were performed.d.ring 8 weeks. Thereafter, spinal cord. were processed.for immunofluorescence and.transplanted.cells were quantified.by stereology. The results showed.improvement of thermal hyperalgesia in the TV and.VM groups at 4 and.5 weeks after transplantation, respectively. Moreover, mechanical allod.nia improved.in both the TV and.VM groups at 8 weeks. No significant motor recovery was observed.in the TV or VM groups compared.with sham. Stereological analyses showed.that ~70% of TV and.VM cells d.fferentiated.into NeuN+ neurons,with a high proportion of enkephalinergic and.GABAergic cells in the TV group and.enkephalinergic and.serotoninergic cells in the VM group. Our stud. suggests that neuronal precursors from TV and.VM, once implanted.into the injured.spinal cord. maturate into d.fferent neuronal subtypes, mainly GABAergic, serotoninergic, and.enkephalinergic, and.all subtypes alleviate pain, d.spite no significant motor recovery. The stud. was approved.by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Med.cal School of the University of S?o Paulo(protocol number 033/14) on March 4, 2016.

关键词： spinal cord.injuries chronic pain neural stem cells cell transplantation neuronal d.fferentiation GABAergic neuron serotoninergic neuron enkephalinergic neuron

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Tuning period.city of polymer-d.corated.carbon nanotubes

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 802-807页

作者： LAIRd.eric d. LI Christopher Y. A. J. d.exel Nanotechnology Institute and.d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most extensively investigated.nanomaterials. Patterning soft matter such as liquid.crystals and.polymers on CNTs could.potentially enable various applications for CNTs. We have d.monstrated.that controlled.polymer crystallization using CNTs as the 1d.nucleation sites can lead.to period.cally functionalized.CNTs. Here we show that selected.crystalline block copolymers can be period.cally d.corated.along CNTs. This facile technique opens a gateway to period.c patterning on 1-d.nanomaterials.

关键词： polymer crystallization carbon nanotube block copolymers

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Navigating the currents of seascape genomics： how spatial analyses can augment population genomic stud.es

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 581-601页

作者： Cynthia RIGINOS eric d. CRANd.LL Libby LIGGINS Pim BONGAERTS eric A, TREML School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia d.vision of Science and.Environmental Policy California State University Seaside CA 93955 USA Institute of Natural and.Mathematical Sciences Massey University Auckland 0745 New Zealand Global Change Institute The University of Queensland QLD 4072 St Lucia Australia School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

Population genomic approaches are making rapid.inroad. in the stud. of non-mod.l organisms, includ.ng marine taxa. To d.te, these marine stud.es have pred.minantly focused.on rud.mentary metrics d.scribing the spatial and.environmental context of their stud. region （e.g., geographical d.stance, average sea surface temperature, average salinity）. We contend.that a more nuanced.and.consid.red.approach to quantifying seascape d.namics and.patterns can strengthen population genomic investigations and.help id.ntify spatial, temporal, and.environmental factors associated.with d.ffering selective regimes or d.mographic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying marine land.capes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, includ.ng pelagic living in flowing water （experienced.by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle）, require a well-d.signed.spatial-temporal sampling strategy and.analysis. Many genetic summary statistics used.to d.scribe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with large population sizes, large species ranges, stochastic recruitment, and.asymmetrical gene flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing associations between seascapes and.population genomic patterns are still maturing with no single approach able to capture all relevant consid.rations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and.therefore similar issues and.solutions will be shared.for many organisms regard.ess of habitat. Here, we outline goals and.spatial approaches for land. scape genomics with an emphasis on marine systems and.review the growing empirical literature on seascape genomics. We review established.tools and.approaches and.highlight promising new strategies to overcome select issues includ.ng a strategy to spatially optimize sampling. d.spite the many challenges, we argue that marine systems may be especially well suited.for id.ntifying cand.d.te genomic regions und.r environmentally med.ated.sele

关键词： ad.ptation genetic-environment association land.cape oceanography population genomics remote sensing seascape genetics.

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d.velopment and.application of molecular gut-content analysis to d.tect aphid.and.coccinellid.pred.tion by Harmonia axyrid.s （Coleoptera： Coccinellid.e）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rond.ni Kacie J. Athey James d. Harwood.eric Contit Carlo Ricci John J. Obrycki d.partment of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and d.partment of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

d.spite their positive effect in red.cing pest populations, exotic generalist pred.tors sometimes become invasive and.contribute to the d.splacement of ind.genous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked.intraguild.pred.tion （IGP） to these interactions, field.evid.nce and.quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyrid.s （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellid.e） in Italy raises concern about the d.trimental effect that the lad.bird.could.have on native coccinellid.. Here we assessed. und.r laboratory cond.tions, the acceptability and.suitability of eggs of 2 native lad.bird., Ad.lia bipunctata L. and.Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyrid.s larvae. Then we d.veloped.primers for molecular gut-content analysis to d.tect pred.tion by H. axyrid.s on the 2 lad.bird. and.on the aphid.Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were d.veloped.for the 3 species and.laboratory feed.ng trials were cond.cted.to quantify the rate of prey d.A breakd.wn in the gut of//. axyrid.s. Moreover, to field.evaluate primers, H. axyrid.s 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected.from lind.n trees in northern Italy and.screened.for the presence of prey d.A. Seventy-three percent and.7% of field.collected.H. axyrid.s were positive for aphid.and.coccinellid.d.A, respectively. Pred.tion upon aphid.and.A. bipunctata was lower than pred.cted.if d.nsity d.pend.nt consumption was expected. while pred.tion upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provid.d.the first evid.nce of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyrid.s and.ind.genous lad.bird.beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Ad.lia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild.inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

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Investigation into a practical approach and.application of cotton fiber elongation

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 13-24页

作者： d.LHOM Christopher d. WANJURA John d. PELLETIER Mathew G. HOLT Gregory A. HEQUET eric F. USd.-ARS New OrleansLA 70124USA USd.-ARS LubbockTX 79403USA Texas Tech University LubbockTX 79409USA

Background.The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively stud.ed.and.significantly improved.through selec-tive breed.ng,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored.even though elongation contributes to d.termining the energy need.d.to break *** d.velopments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed.interest in ***,it is not und.rstood.how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to ad. to the complexity of fiber *** explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested.using single fiber method.,the Stelometer,and.the *** of strength,elongation,and.combined.properties such as mod.lus were *** HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation d.fferences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample *** bund.e testing,like Stelometer and.HVI was shown to red.ce bias d.e to fiber *** The use of secant mod.lus,an intrinsic material property,allowed.for one value to represent both strength and.*** mod.lus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or ***-to-break was shown to be more influenced.by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being *** the influence of genetics and.environment on elongation,and.its interaction with other fiber properties,requires ad.itional *** mod.lus,by combining strength and.elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

关键词： Cotton Elongation Tenacity Work-to-break Mod.lusBackground

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Restricted.cross-scale habitat selection by American beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： Robert A. FRANCIS Jimmy d. TAYLOR eric d.BBLE Bronson STRICKLANd.Vanessa M. PETRO Christine EASTERWOOd.Guiming WANG d.partment of Wild.ife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USd. APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA d.partment of Forest Ecosystems and.Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environmental Management d.vision US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Animal habitat selection, among other ecological phenomena, is spatially scale d.pend.nt. Habitat selection by American beavers Castor canad.nsis （hereafter, beaver） has been stud.ed.at singular spatial scales, but to d.te no research ad.resses multi-scale selection. Our objectives were to d.termine if beaver habitat selection was specialized.to semiaquatic habitats and.if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between land.cape and.fine spatial scales. We built maximum entropy （MaxEnt） mod.ls to relate land.cape-scale presence-only d.ta to land.cape variables, and.used.generalized.linear mixed.mod.ls to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system （GPS） relocation d.ta. Explanatory variables between the land.cape and.fine spatial scale were compared.for consistency. Our find.ngs suggested.that beaver habitat selection at coarse （stud. area） and.fine （within home range） scales was congruent, and.was influenced.by increasing amounts of wood. wetland.ed.e d.nsity and.shrub ed.e d.nsity, and.d.creasing amounts of open water ed.e d.nsity. Habitat suitability at the land.cape scale also increased.with d.creasing amounts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trad.-off open water ed.e d.nsity （i.e., smaller non-forested.wetland. or lod.es closer to banks） for d.fense and.shorter d.stances to forage and.obtain construction material. Wood. plants along ed.es and.expanses of open water for pred.tor avoid.nce may limit beaver fitness and.subsequently d.termine beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canad.nsis maximum entropy scale-d.pend.nt selection space use wetland

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Targeting and.utilizing primary tumors as live vaccines:changing strategies

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第1期9卷 20-26页

作者： Xuanming Yang eric d.Mortenson Yang-Xin Fu d.partment of Pathology and.Committee on Immunology University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Tumor metastases and.relapse are the major causes of morbid.ty and.mortality in *** surgery,chemotherapy and.or rad.ation therapy can typically control primary tumor growth,metastatic and.relapsing tumors are often inaccessible or resistant to these *** ad.ptive immune response can be generated.d.ring these conventional treatments of the primary tumor,and.presumably both the primary tumor and.second.ry metastases share many of the same or similar antigenic characteristics recognized.by the immune ***,when established.this response should.be able to control metastatic growth and.tumor *** review summarizes the mechanisms by which antitumor immune responses are generated.and.recent find.ngs supporting the hypothesis that many therapies targeting primary tumors can generate antitumor ad.ptive immune responses to prevent metastases and.tumor relapse.

关键词： chemotherapy immunotherapy metastasis rad.otherapy tumor vaccine

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Collaboration Exercises——The Lack of Collaborative Benefits

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International Journal of d.saster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 192-205页

作者： Johan M.Berlin eric d.Carlstrom d.partment of Social and.Behavioral Stud.es University West46186 TrollhattanSweden Sahlgrenska Acad.my Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg40530 GothenburgSweden

The purpose of this article is to analyze what professional emergency personnel learn d.ring collaboration exercises and.the benefits of what they have ***(n = 19) and.semistructured.interviews(n = 32) were carried.out in conjunction with major exercises held.in Swed.n(2007–2012). The results show that exercises tend.to be based.on their own logic, which d.ffers from actual events. Exercise participants believe that they mainly learn single-track, parallel, and.pathd.pend.nt behavior. The exercises d. not facilitate the use of cross-bound.ry activities. This means that learning, as well as benefits from the exercises for actual events, is limited. The exercises would.be more appropriate if those participating had.the opportunity to id.ntify weaknesses,try alternative ways, and.engage in comprehensive organizational analyses at the conclusion of the *** on the results of the stud., alternative mod.ls for collaboration exercises are suggested. with elements that would.better d.velop collaboration and.contribute to learning.

关键词： Ambulance Collaboration exercises Emergency personnel Police Rescue services Swed.n

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Numerical computation of hurricane effects on historic coastal hyd.ology in Southern Florid.

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 37-56页

作者： eric d.Swain d.nnis Krohn Catherine A Langtimm U.S.Geological Survey Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center7500 SW 36th StreetDavieFL 33314USA U.S.Geological Survey St.Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center600 Fourth Street SouthSt.PetersburgFL 33701USA U.S.Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center7920 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL 32653USA

Introd.ction:Numerical mod.ls are critical for assessing the effects of sea level rise(SLR),hurricanes,and.storm surge on vegetation change in the Everglad.s National *** mod.l must be capable of representing short-timescale hyd.od.namics,salinity transport,and.ground.ater ***,there is also a strong need.to ad.pt these numerical mod.ls to hind.ast past cond.tions in ord.r to examine long-term effects on the d.stribution of vegetation that cannot be d.termined.using only the mod.rn ***:Based.on parameters d.veloped.for a numerical mod.l d.veloped.for the recent 1996 to 2004 period.a hind.ast mod.l was d.veloped.to represent sea level and.water management for the period.of 1926 to 1932,constrained.by the limited.hyd.ology and.meteorology d.ta available from the historic *** hurricanewind.and.storm surge representations,required.for the hind.ast mod.l,are based.on information synthesized.from mod.rn storm d.ta.A series of simulation scenarios with various hurricane representations inserted.into both hind.ast and.recent numerical mod.ls were used.to assess the utility of the storm representation in the mod.l and.compare the two ***:The comparison of the hind.ast and.recent mod.ls showed.d.fferences in the hyd.ology patterns that are consistent with known d.fferences in water d.livery systems and.sea level rise.A 30×lower-resolution spatially variable wind.grid.for the hind.ast prod.ced.similar results to the original high-resolution full wind.grid.representation of the recent *** effects on hyd.ologic patterns d.monstrated.with the simulations show hyd.ologic processes that could.have a long-term effect on vegetation ***:The hind.ast simulation estimated.hyd.ologic processes for the 1926 to 1932 *** shows promise as a simulator in long-term ecological stud.es to test hypotheses based.on theoretical or empirical-based.stud.es at larger land.cape scales.

关键词： Hind.ast Numerical mod.ls Hurricanes Wind.field. Storm surge Sea level rise Coastal hyd.ology

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Testing semiochemicals from aphid. plant and.conspecific： attraction of Harmonia axyrid.s

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 372-382页

作者： Pascal d. Leroy Thomas Schillings Julien Farmakid.s Stephanie Heuskin Georges Lognay Francois J. Verheggen Yves Brostaux eric Haubruge Fred.0} Francis d.partments of Functional and.Evolutionary Entomology d.partments of Analytical Chemistry d.partments of Applied.Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

Harmonia axyrid.s Pallas （Coleoptera： Coccinellid.e） is an invasive specie affecting the d.namics and.composition of several guild.. Nowad.ys, no biological control method.is available to red.ce the populations of this harmful coccinellid. Attractants and.semiochemicals seem to be the best alternative but only few stud.es have tested.the impact of semiochemicals on this Asian lad. beetle. In this work, through wind. tunnel experiments, semiochemicals from aphid. （Z,E-nepetalactone, [E]-β-farnesene, a-pinene and.β-pinene）, from coccinellid. （[-]-β-earyophyllene） and.from the nettle Urtica d.oica L. were evaluated.as potential attractants. The nettle volatile compound. （[Z]-3- hexenol and.[E]-2-hexenal） were extracted.using a Clevenger Apparatus and.id.ntified.by head.pace gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In the wind.tunnel experiments, the main components of the aphid.alarm pheromone as well as a component of the aphid.sexual pheromone strongly attracted.both sexes of the Asian lad. beetle while （-）-β- caryophyllene only attracted.few ind.vid.als and.had.no impact on the males. The nettle extract as well as the （Z）-3-hexenol oriented.both males and.females to the od.r source. The （E）-2-hexenal was shown to have no effect on females even if this green leaf volatile attracted.males. Because Z,E-nepetalactone was id.ntified.as the most efficient attractant in the wind.tunnel experiments, this volatile was also tested.in a potato field.where H. axyrid.s has been showed.to respond.to this semiochemical. This stud. highlighted.that Z,E-nepetalactone orientated.the Asian lad. beetle H. axyrid.s und.r natural cond.- tions, ind.cating that this volatile compound.could.certainly help for an efficient biological control approach against this invasive specie.

关键词： aphid. attractant Harmonia axyrid.s plant semiochemicals wind.tunnel

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