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Effects of low-oxygen conditions on embryo growth in the painted turtle,chrysemys picta

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 148-156页

作者： Gerardo A.cORDERO Matthew L.KARNATZ Jon c.SVENDSEN eric J.GANGLOFF Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Technical University of Denmark National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesFreshwater FisheriesSilkeborgDenmark Interdisciplinary centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of PortoPortoPortugal

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;<21%O_(2))are considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in... 详细信息

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in adult reptiles,such as in the painted turtle(chrysemys picta),its effects on sensitive embryo life stages warrant *** tested the hypothesis that short-term hypoxia negatively affects growth during day 40 of development in ***,when O_(2) demands are highest in embryos.A brief,but severe,hypoxic event(5%O_(2) for 0.5 h)moderately affected embryo growth,causing a 13%reduction in mass(relative to a normoxic control).The same condition had no effect during day 27;instead,a nearly anoxic event(1%O_(2) for 72 h)caused a 5%mass *** embryos survived the egg incubation *** study supports the assumption that reptilian embryos are resilient to intermittently low O_(2) in subterranean *** work is needed to ascertain responses to suboptimal O_(2) levels while undergoing dynamic changes in developmental physiology.

关键词： embryo metabolism embryo respiration growth rate nest environment oxygen consumption rate

characterization of the interaction of nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents with human blood components

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生物活性材料(英文) 2023年第1期19卷 642-652页

作者： Michaela B.cooley eric c.Abenojar Dana Wegierak Anirban Sen Gupta Michael c.Kolios Agata A.Exner Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Physics Ryerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioM5B 1T8Canada

Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents,or nanobubbles,are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in *** sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available *** allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of *** various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined,their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been ***,herein we examined,for the first time,the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic *** observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline(PBS),plasma,or red blood cell solutions(RBcs).Specifically,after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood,signal enhancement,or the magnitude of nonlinear ultrasound signal,gradually increased by 22.8±13.1%throughout our experiment,with peak intensity reached within 145 *** contrast,nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity(􀀀1.7±3.2%)over 8 *** the same conditions,microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a􀀀56.8±6.1%decrease in enhancement in whole *** confocal,fluorescent,and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBcs,suggesting that direct interactions,or hitchhiking,of nanobubbles on RBcs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed *** phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery,where RBc interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency.

关键词： Nanobubbles Ultrasound contrast agents Red blood cells Hitchhiking Ultrasound Drug delivery

Methods of vascular control technique during liver resection:a comprehensive review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第5期9卷 473-481页

作者： Wan-Yee Lau eric c.H.Lai Stephanie H.Y.Lau Faculty of Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

BAcKGROUND: Significant hemorrhage together with blood transfusion increases postoperative morbidity and mortality of hepatic resection. Hepatic vascular occlusion is effective in minimizing bleeding during hepatic parenchymal transection. This article aimed to review the current role and status of various techniques of hepatic vascular occlusion during hepatic resection. DATA SOURcES: The relevant manuscripts were identified by searching MEDLINE, and PubMed for articles published between January 1980 and April 2010 using the keywords 'vascular control', 'vascular clamping', 'vascular exclusion' and 'hepatectomy'. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial (RcT) and 5 RcTs showed intermittent Pringle maneuver and ischemic preconditioning followed by continuous Pringle maneuver were superior to continuous Pringle maneuver alone, respectively. Two RcTs compared the outcomes of hepatectomy with and without intermittent Pringle maneuver. One showed Pringle maneuver to be beneficial, while the other failed to show any benefit. One RcT showed that ischemic preconditioning had significantly less blood loss than using intermittent Pringle maneuver. Four RcTs evaluated the use of hemihepatic vascular occlusion. One RcT showed it had significantly less blood loss than Pringle maneuver, while the other 3 showed no significant difference. Only 1 RcT showed it had significantly less liver ischemic injury. No RcT had been carried out to assess segmental vascular occlusion. Two RcTs compared the outcomes of total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) and Pringle maneuver. One RcT showed THVE resulted in similar blood loss, but a higher postoperative complication. The other RcT showed less blood loss using THVE but the postoperative complication rate was similar. Both studies showed similar degree of liver ischemic injury. Only one RcT showed that selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) had

关键词： vascular control vascular exclusion hepatectomy liver neoplasm Pringle maneuver

The current role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant/chemoprevention therapy in partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma:a systematic review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第2期8卷 124-133页

作者： Wan-Yee Lau eric c.H.Lai Stephanie H.Y.Lau State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine

BAcKGROUND: Following curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc), 50%-90% of postoperative death is due to recurrent disease. Intra-hepatic recurrence is frequently the only site of recurrence. Thus, any neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, which can decrease or delay the incidence of intra-hepatic recurrence, or any cancer chemoprevention which can prevent a new Hcc from developing in the liver remnant, will improve the results of liver resection. This article systematically reviewed the current evidence of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and chemoprevention in partial hepatectomy of Hcc. DATA SOURcES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases for articles from January 1990 to November 2008 using the keywords 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatectomy', 'adjuvant therapy', 'neoadjuvant therapy', and 'regional therapy'. Additional papers and book chapters were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization or adjuvant regional transarterial chemotherapy embolization+systemic chemotherapy did not add benefit. Both adjuvant transarterial radioembolization with (131)I-lipiodol and adjuvant systemic interferon showed promising results. However, there were only a limited number of such studies. cONcLUSIONS: Further randomized controlled studies need to be carried out. currently, there is no consensus on a standard neoadjuvant/adjuvant/chemoprevention therapy in partial hepatectomy for Hcc.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma hepatectomy adjuvant therapy neoadjuvant therapy therapeutic embolization

Review of clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Next Generation Hepatitis c Direct-acting Antiviral Agents

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 322-335页

作者： Jenny Hong Robert c.Wright Nilu Partovi eric M.Yoshida Trana Hussaini Pharmaceutical Sciences Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Liver Transplant Program Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

In this review,we examine the pharmacokinetics and clinically relevant drug interactions of the newer generation direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c,specifically sofosbuvir/velpatasvir(Epclusa®),sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir(Vosevi®),glecaprevir/pibrentasvir(Maviret®),and elbasvir/grazoprevir(Zepatier®).We searched MEDLINE(1948-January 2020),Embase(1964-January 2020),Google,and GoogleScholar using the terms pharmacokinetics,drug interaction,drug metabolism,sofosbuvir,velpatasvir,Epclusa,voxilaprevir,Vosevi,glecaprevir,pibrentasvir,Maviret,elbasvir,grazoprevir,and Zepatier,from inception to January 13,*** search was limited to randomized controlled trials,in vitro studies,prospective and retrospective human studies,drug monographs,abstracts,and conference *** relevant published literature on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving DAAs were reviewed and the data *** clinically relevant drug-drug interactions(DDIs)were identified with the newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed ***3/4A protease inhibitors are more likely to be involved in DDIs,followed by NS5A inhibitors and NS5B polymerase *** majority of clinically relevant DDIs are predictable,according to known pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamics,and physicochemical properties of DAAs;however,in select cases,unpredictable DDIs do *** expected,many drug interactions exist between newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed *** the majority of clinically relevant interactions are predictable,many require therapeutic dose adjustment or careful selection of non-interacting *** select cases,severe and unpredictable drug interactions can *** should consult hepatitis c virus pharmacotherapy experts and tertiary drug interaction resources when initiating DAA therapy in patients taking other medications.

关键词： Hepatitis c Drug interactions Pharmacokinetics Direct-acting antiviral agents

Effects of SARS-coV-2 infection on incidence and treatment strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 211-228页

作者： Lung-Yi Mak Matthew Shing Hin chung Xue Li Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai eric Yuk Fai Wan celine Sze Ling chui Franco Wing Tak cheng Esther Wai Yin chan ching Lung cheung Ivan chi Ho Au Xi Xiong Wai-Kay Seto Man-Fung Yuen carlos King Ho Wong Ian chi Kei Wong Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health(D24H) Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongChina Department of Family Medicine and Primary care The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Nursing The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Department of Practice and Policy University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Aston School of Pharmacy Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom

BAcKGROUND chronic liver disease(cLD)was associated with adverse clinical outcomes among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-coV-2)*** To determine the effects of SARS-coV-2 infection on the incidence and treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc)among patients with *** A retrospective,territory-wide cohort of cLD patients was identified from an electronic health database in Hong *** with confirmed SARS-coV-2 infection[coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)+cLD]between January 1,2020 and October 25,2022 were identified and matched 1:1 by propensity-score with those without(cOVID-19-cLD).Each patient was followed up until death,outcome event,or November 15,*** outcome was incidence of *** outcomes included all-cause mortality,adverse hepatic outcomes,and different treatment strategies to Hcc(curative,non-curative treatment,and palliative care).Analyses were further stratified by acute(within 20 d)and post-acute(21 d or beyond)phases of SARS-coV-2 *** rate ratios(IRRs)were estimated by Poisson regression *** Of 193589 cLD patients(>95%non-cirrhotic)in the cohort,55163 patients with cOVID-19+cLD and 55163 patients with cOVID-19-cLD were included after 1:1 propensity-score *** 249-d median follow-up,cOVID-19+cLD was not associated with increased risk of incident Hcc(IRR:1.19,95%cI:0.99-1.42,P=0.06),but higher risks of receiving palliative care for Hcc(IRR:1.60,95%cI:1.46-1.75,Pcompared to *** both acute and post-acute phases of infection,cOVID-19+cLD were associated with increased risks of allcause mortality(acute:IRR:7.06,95%cI:5.78-8.63,Pcute:IRR:1.24,95%cI:1.14-1.36,Pc outcomes(acute:IRR:1.98,95%cI:1.79-2.18,Pcute:IRR:1.24,95%cI:1.13-1.35,Pcompared to *** Although cLD patients with SARS-coV-2 infection were not associated with increased risk of Hcc,they

关键词： SARS-coV-2 infection chronic liver disease Long cOVID Post-cOVID-19 syndrome cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

Liquid deposition photolithography for submicrometer resolution three-dimensional index structuring with large throughput

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 209-214页

作者： Adam c Urness eric D Moore Keith K Kamysiak Michael c cole Robert R McLeod Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA.

Photonic devices increasingly require three-dimensional control of refractive index,but existing fabrication methods such as femtosecond micromachining,multilayer lithography and bulk diffusion can only address a select scale range,are often limited in complexity or thickness and have low *** introduce a new fabrication method and polymeric material that can efficiently create mm^(3) optical devices with programmable,gradient index of refraction with arbitrary feature *** contrast of 0.1 is demonstrated,which is 100 times larger than femtosecond micromachining,and 20 times larger than commercial holographic *** is achieved by repetitive microfluidic layering of a self-developing photopolymer structured by projection *** process has the unusual property that total fabrication time for a fixed thickness decreases with the number of layers,enabling fabrication 10^(5) faster than femtosecond *** demonstrate the process by sequentially writing 100 layers to fabricate a mm thick waveguide array.

关键词： holographic photopolymers lithography photonic device fabrication single photon polymerization three-dimensional structuring

Outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack and stratification using the ABcD^(2) score

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 314-318页

作者： Shreyansh Shah Li Liang Durgesh Bhandary Saga Johansson eric E Smith Deepak L Bhatt Gregg c Fonarow Naeem D Khan eric Peterson Janet Prvu Bettger Department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke clinical Research Institute DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA AstraZeneca UK Ltd CambridgeUK Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Division of cardiology Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Division of cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Background Long-term outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack(TIA)and role of ABcD^(2) score in identifying high-risk individuals are not *** We identified 40825 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised from 2011 to 2014 for a TIA to a Get With The Guidelines(GWTG)-Stroke hospital and classified them using ABcD^(2)s of mortality and rehospitalisation(all-cause,ischaemic stroke,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,and gastrointestinal and intracranial haemorrhage)for high-risk versus low-risk groups adjusted for patient and hospital *** Of the 40825 patients,35118(86%)were high risk(ABcD^(2)≥4)and 5707(14%)were low risk(ABcD^(2)=0-3).Overall rate of mortality during 1-year follow-up after hospital discharge for the index TIA was 11.7%,44.3% were rehospitalised for any reason and 3.6%were readmitted due to *** with ABcD^(2) score≥4 had higher mortality at 1 year than not(adjusted HR 1.18,95%cI 1.07 to 1.30).Adjusted risks for ischaemic stroke,all-cause readmission and mortality/all-cause readmission at 1 year were also significantly higher for patients with ABcD^(2) score≥4 vs *** contrast,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage risk were not significantly different by ABcD^(2) *** This study validates the use of ABcD^(2) score for long-term risk assessment after TIA in patients aged 65 years and *** efforts for community-based follow-up care after TIA are needed for ongoing prevention in Medicare beneficiaries who were hospitalised for TIA.

关键词： admitted score prevention

Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第28期18卷 3627-3634页

作者： eric R Kallwitz Section of Hepatology University of Illinois Chicago IL 60612 United States

The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis c and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.

关键词： Liver transplantation Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemias Hypertension Metabolic syndrome X Obesity Hypertension Immunosuppression