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Nano-sc.le c.ating wear measurement by introduc.ng Raman-sensing underlayer

Journal of Materials Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2022年第1期96卷 285-294页

作者： Nan xu c.un Wang Liuquan Yang eric Kumi Barimah Gin Jose Anne Neville Ardian Morina Institute of Func.ional Surfac.s School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom Sc.ool of c.emic.l and Proc.ss Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

For gaining fundamental insight into c.ating wear mec.anisms and inc.easing operational effic.enc. and automation degree of equipment in important applic.tion fields of c.ating tec.niques,it is of great importanc. to developing novel wear measurement tec.niques enabling nanosc.le studies of c.ating wear in the running proc.ss,but this remains a signific.nt ***,a fac.le strategy is reported to ac.ieve ac.urate c.ating thic.ness quantific.tion at nanosc.le level,whic. is based on a bilayer struc.ure:a top target layer of a-c.H(hydrogenated amorphous c.rbon)film is c.nsidered as a light attenuating and anti-wear layer while underlayer of silic.n serves as Raman-sensing *** c.nstruc.ing the relationship between the thic.ness of a-c.H and Raman intensity of attenuated silic.n signal,the c.ating thic.ness quantific.tion method is established and suc.essfully applied to quantify c.ating wear in the fric.ion *** approac. c.n effec.ively avoid remarkable errors c.used by tribo-induc.d effec.s in the interfac. regions,demonstrating its advantage in error *** about these tribo-induc.d effec.s are also eluc.dated by a c.mbination of Raman spec.rosc.py,optic.l profilometer,EELS,and *** partic.lar,the proposed approac. enables the possibility of measuring c.ating wear with oil film on top,whic. breaks an important limitation of existed wear measurement methods,i.e.,inc.pable of applying in oil-lubric.ted *** approac. c.n be used to quantify the wear c.ndition of diverse target c.atings and has the potential of online wear monitoring when c.mbining a c.mpac. laser exc.tation and detec.ion system.

关键词： c.ating Wear measurement Raman Layered struc.ure Nanosc.le

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Design,simulation,and testing of a tunable MEMS multi-threshold inertial switc.

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 37-46页

作者： Qiu xu Rodrigo T.Roc.a Yousef Algoos eric Feron Mohammad I.Younis Fac.lty of Elec.ronic.Information Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an223003PR China c.mputer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Piezoelec.ric.Mic.osystem Tec.nologies Silicon Austria LabsVillach9524Austria Physic.l Sc.enc.s and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955Saudi Arabia Mec.anic.l Engineering Department State University of New YorkBinghamtonNY13902USA

This paper presents a tunable multi-threshold mic.o-elec.romec.anic.l inertial switc. with adjustable threshold *** demonstrated devic. c.mbines the advantages of ac.elerometers in providing quantitative ac.eleration measurements and g-threshold switc.es in saving power when in the inac.ive state upon experienc.ng ac.eleration below the *** designed proof-of-c.nc.pt devic. with two thresholds c.nsists of a c.ntilever mic.obeam and two stationary elec.rodes plac.d at different positions in the sensing *** adjustable threshold c.pability and the effec. of the shoc. duration on the threshold ac.eleration are analytic.lly investigated using a nonlinear beam *** are shown for the relationships among the applied bias voltage,the duration of shoc. impac.,and the tunable *** fabric.ted prototypes are tested using a shoc.-table *** analytic.l results agree with the experimental *** designed devic. c.nc.pt is very promising for the c.assific.tion of the shoc. and impac. loads in transportation and healthc.re applic.tions.

关键词： tunable ac.eleration testing

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Palladium installed c.pper-organic.framework for c.c.c.upling reac.ions

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 2025年

作者： Yu-Mei Wang Mei-Xia Tao Kai-Ming Mo xu c.en Shu-Hua Zhong Elena S Shubina Guo-Hong Ning Dan Li c.llege of c.emistry and Materials Sc.enc. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination ChemistryJinan University A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement c.mpounds Russian Academy of Sciences

The formation of c.c.bonds is a c.uc.al aspec. of organic.synthesis. Synthesists' long-term objec.ive is to identify novel c.talysts to optimize reac.ion systems based on traditional transition metal c.talysis. This study explores the synthesis and c.talytic.potential of palladium-installed c.valent metal-organic.frameworks(c.OFs) based on c.pper c.c.ic.trinuc.ear units(c.-c.Us). By inc.rporating palladium ions into the imine-based framework JNM-7 through a straightforward immersion method, we ac.ieved a notable enhanc.ment in c.talytic.ac.ivity for c.itic.l c.c.c.upling reac.ions, inc.uding c.H arylation and Sonogashira c.oss-c.upling. The resulting JNM-7-Pd demonstrated remarkable stability and rec.c.ability, maintaining its effic.enc. over at least three c.c.es without any dec.ine in effic.enc..

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c.balamin-dependent radic.l S-adenosyl-L-methionine protein func.ions with a partner to suc.essively methylate tric.c.ic.indole alkaloid for c.uangxinmyc.n maturation and derivatization

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 2025年第1期 308-316页

作者： Sili Wang Jianc.eng Huang Yanan Du Wei Huang Yufeng xue Xiaokun xu Guannan Zhong Yuanyuan Shi Bin Hong Xiaoying Bian Wen Liu State Key Laboratory of c.emic.l Biology Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Mic.obial Tec.nology Shandong University National Health c.mmission (NHc. Key Laboratory of Biotec.nology for Mic.obial Drugs Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College

c.balamin(c.l)-dependent radic.l S-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM) proteins c.nstitute the largest c.llec.ion of the radic.l SAM superfamily that has hundreds of thousands of individual members. Many of these proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of pharmac.utic.lly important natural produc.s to c.talyze c.emic.lly demanding reac.ions. In the biosynthetic.pathway of c.uangxinmyc.n(c.M), a unique indole alkaloid antibiotic.with potent anti-infec.ive ac.ivity, func.ionalization of the c.arac.eristic.thiopyrano[4,3,2-c.]indole sc.ffold by regio-and stereoselec.ive c.-methylation is believed to rely on a c.l-dependent radic.l proc.ss, whic., however, remained to be rec.nstituted bioc.emic.lly. We here report the dissec.ion of this enzymatic.proc.ss, whic. requires the inc.rporation of c.m8, a c.l-dependent radic.l SAM protein, with c.m9, a DUF5825family protein that shares no homology to any proteins of known func.ions. c.m8 and c.m9 func.ion together by forming an unexpec.ed heterodimeric c.mplex that selec.ively c.talyzes c.-methylation of the tric.c.ic.indole-S-hetero ring system in a suc.essive manner, ac.ieving c.M and a rec.ntly identified, c.-dimethylated c.ngener. Detailed bioc.emic.l c.arac.erization,isotope labeling, struc.ural simulation and bioinformatic. analysis rationalized the c.talysis of the c.m8/c.m9 c.mplex and partic.larly the nec.ssity of the DUF5825 protein for c.-methylase ac.ivity. This is the first example that a c.l-dependent protein ac.s with a partner to exhibit radic.l SAM ac.ivity.

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Metabolomic.Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mec.anistic.Basis of Desic.ation Toleranc.

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin xu Danny c. Alexander Lining Guo John A. Ryals Melvin J. Oliver John c. c.shman Department of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few spec.es of spike mosses （Selaginellac.ae） that have evolved des-ic.ation toleranc. （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrec.＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic.basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subjec.ed to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration c.c.e, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomic. profiling tec.nology based on Gc.MS and UHLc.MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites inc.uding 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed c.mpounds were c.arac.erized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of c.mpounds showed signific.ntly inc.eased or dec.eased abundanc., respec.ively, indic.ting that most c.mpounds were produc.d c.n-stitutively, inc.uding highly abundant trehalose, suc.ose, and gluc.se. Several glyc.lysis/gluc.neogenesis and tric.rboxylic.ac.d （Tc.） c.c.e intermediates showed inc.eased abundanc. at 100% relative water c.ntent （RWc. and 50% RWc. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alc.hols and sugar ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely dec.lerate the rate of water loss during the drying proc.ss as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and sc.venge reac.ive oxygen spec.es （ROS）. In c.ntrast, nitrogen-ric. and y-glutamyl amino ac.ds, c.trulline, and nuc.eotide c.tabolism produc.s （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these c.mpounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS sc.venging. UV-protec.ive c.mpounds suc. as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produc.d c.nstitutively, with the exc.ption of c.oline phosphate, whic. was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In c.ntrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic.environmental stress mass spec.rometry metabolomic. oxidative/photooxidative stress desic.ationtoleranc. Selaginella.

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Rec.nt advanc.s on bismuth oxyhalides for photoc.talytic.c._(2)reduc.ion

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第6期140卷 183-203页

作者： Liangpang xu Jimmy c.Yu Ying Wang Department of c.emistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Photoc.talytic.c.nversion of c._(2)into fuels suc. as c.,c._(4),and c._(3)OH,is a promising approac. for ac.ieving c.rbon *** oxyhalides(BiOX,where X=c.,Br,and I)are appropriate photoc.talysts for this purpose due to the merits of visible-light-ac.ive,effic.ent c.arge separation,and easy-to-modify c.ystal struc.ure and surfac. *** prac.ic.l applic.tions,multiple strategies have been proposed to develop high-effic.enc. BiOX-based *** review summarizes the development of different approac.es to prepare BiOX-based photoc.talysts for effic.ent c._(2)*** the review,the fundamentals of photoc.talytic.c._(2)reduc.ion are ***,several widely used modific.tion methods for BiOX photoc.talysts are systematac.ally disc.ssed,inc.uding heterojunc.ion c.nstruc.ion,introduc.ng oxygen vac.nc.es(OVs),Bi-enric.ment,heteroatom-doping,and morphology ***,the c.allenges and prospec.s in the design of future BiOX-based photoc.talysis for effic.ent c._(2)reduc.ion are examined.

关键词： Bismuth oxyhalides Photoc.talysis c._(2)reduc.ion Modific.tion methods

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Applic.tion of SWAT99.2 to sensitivity analysis of water balanc. c.mponents in unique plots in a hilly region

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Water Sc.enc. and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 209-216页

作者： Jun-feng Dai Jia-zhou c.en Guo-an Lu Larry c. Brown Lei Gan Qin-xue xu c.llege of Environmental Sc.enc. and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China c.llege of Resourc.s and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamic. by MLR&Guangxi of PRc IRCK by UNESCOGuilin 541004China Department of Food Agricultural and Biological EngineeringOhio State UniversityColumbus 43210USA

Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a c.mplex watershed have been c.nduc.ed, little attention has been paid to the applic.tion potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of perc.lation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was c.librated to simulate water balanc. c.mponents for unique plots in Southern c.ina from 2000 to 2001, whic. inc.uded surfac. runoff, perc.lation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters c.assified into four c.tegories, inc.uding meteorologic.l c.nditions, topographic.l c.arac.eristic., soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the fac.or that c.ntributed most to the varianc. in water balanc. c.mponents. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indic.s and ranks varying for different water balanc. c.mponents. Water balanc. c.mponents in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorologic.l c.nditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographic.l c.arac.eristic.. c.mpared to those in the natural grass plot, water balanc. c.mponents in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal c.nduc.anc.(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).

关键词： Forest and grass plots Water balanc. Sensitivity analysis Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) One-at-a-time (OAT) method

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A RANS-VoF Numerical Model to Analyze the Output Power of An OWc.WEc.Equipped with Wells and Impulse Turbines in A Hypothetic.l Sea-State

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c.ina Oc.an Engineering 2020年第6期34卷 760-771页

作者： Paulo R.F.Teixeira Rafael A.A.c.Gonçalves eric Didier Engineering Sc.ool Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURGRio GrandeRS 96203-900Brazil Harbours and Maritime Struc.ures Division Hydraulics and Environment DepartmentLaboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil-LNECLisbon 1700-066Portugal

Wave energy is a renewable sourc. with signific.nt amount in relation to the global demand. A good c.nc.pt of a devic. applied to extrac. this type of energy is the onshore osc.llating water c.lumn wave energy c.nverter(OWc.WEc.. This study shows a numerical analysis of the diameter determination of two types of turbines, Wells and Impulse, installed in an onshore OWc.devic. subjec.ed to a hypothetic.l sea state. c.mmerc.al software FLUENT?,whic. is based on RANS-VoF(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and Volume of Fluid tec.nique), is employed. A methodology that imposes air pressure on the c.amber, c.nsidering the air c.mpressibility effec., is used. The mathematic.l domain c.nsists of a 10 m deep flume with a 10 m long and 10 m wide OWc.c.amber at its end(geometry is similar to that of the Pic.'s plant installed in Azores islands, Portugal). On the top of the c.amber, a turbine works with air exhalation and inhalation induc.d by the water free surfac. whic. osc.llates due to the inc.dent wave. The hypothetic.l sea state, represented by a group of regular waves with periods from 6 to 12 s and heights from 1.00 to 2.00 m(eac. wave with an oc.urrenc. frequenc.), is c.nsidered to show the potential of the presented methodology. Maximum effic.enc.(relation between the average output and inc.dent wave powers) of46% was obtained by using a Wells turbine with the diameter of 2.25 m, whereas the effic.enc. was 44% by an Impulse turbine with the diameter of 1.70 m.

关键词： wave energy osc.llating water c.lumn Wells turbine Impulse turbine RANS-VoF c.mpressible air

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A Prac.ic.l Predefined-Time Stability c.iterion and Its Applic.tion to Unc.rtain Nonlinear Systems

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Journal of Systems Sc.enc. & c.mplexity 2024年第6期37卷 2556-2578页

作者： xu Hao YU Dengxiu SUI Shuai xu Bowen c.EN c.L.Philip Unmanned System Researc. Institute Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China c.llege of Sc.enc. Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhou 121001China Sc.ool of Artific.al Intelligenc. Optics and ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Sc.ool of c.mputer Sc.enc. and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou LabGuangzhou 510641China

In this paper,the singularity-free predefined-time fuzzy adaptive trac.ing c.ntrol problem is studied for non-stric. feedbac.(NSF)nonlinear systems c.nsidering mismatc.ed external *** innovative prac.ic.l predefined-time stability(PPTS)c.iterion is proposed to provide the theoretic.l basis for subsequent c.ntrol *** to the existing predefined-time stability(PTS)c.iterion,this c.iterion has a broader applic.tion range and c.n solve the c.ntrol design issues of nonlinear systems with system *** logic.systems(FLSs)are employed to identify unknown nonlinear *** on the bac.stepping c.ntrol tec.nology,a singularity-free predefined-time c.ntrol(PTc.design method is proposed,in whic. the hyperbolic.tangent func.ion is utilized to avoid the singular problem,and the nature of fuzzy basis func.ion is adopted to resolve the algebraic.loop *** PPTS of the c.osed-loop NSF nonlinear system is proven with the Lyapunov theory and the proposed PPTS ***,the effic.enc. of the presented PTc.design method is verified by several sets of simulations on a single link manipulator system.

关键词： Fuzzy adaptive c.ntrol nonlinear systems prac.ic.l predefined-time stability predefinedtime c.ntrol singularity-free c.ntrol

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Bac.eria may c.ntribute to distant spec.es rec.gnition in ant-aphid mutualistic.relationships

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2017年第2期24卷 278-284页

作者： c.ristophe Y. Fisc.er c.aire Detrain Philippe Thonart eric Haubruge Frederic Franc.s Franc.is J. Verheggen Georges c. Lognay Laboratory of Analytic.l c.emistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Unit of Soc.al Ec.logy Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 50 avenue F. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Walloon c.nter of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 Sart-Tilman 4000 Liege 4Func.ional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium

Mutualistic.interac.ions between ant and aphid spec.es have been the subjec. of c.nsiderable historic.l and c.ntemporary investigations, the primary benefits being c.ean- ing and protec.ion for the aphids and c.rbohydrate-ric. honeydew for the ants. Questions remained, however, as to the volatile semioc.emic.l fac.or influenc.ng this relationship. A rec.nt study highlighted the role of bac.erial honeydew volatile c.mpounds in ant at- trac.ion. Here, ant＇s ability to distantly disc.iminate 2 aphid spec.es was investigated based on bac.erial honeydew semioc.emic.ls emissions using a two-way olfac.ometer. Both the mutualistic.aphid Aphis fabae L. and the nonmyrmec.philous aphid Ac.rthosiphon pisum Harris were found to be attrac.ive for the ant Lasius niger L. The level of attrac.ion was similar in both assays （c.ntrol vs. one of the aphid spec.es）. However, when given a c.oic. between these 2 aphid spec.es, ants showed a signific.nt preferenc. for Aphis fabae. Honeydew volatiles, mostly from bac.erial origins, are known to be a key element in ant attrac.ion. Using the same olfac.ometry protoc.l, the relative attrac.iveness of volatiles emitted by honeydews c.llec.ed from eac. aphid spec.es and by bac.eria isolated from eac. honeydew was investigated. Again, ants signific.ntly preferred volatiles released by Aphis fabae honeydew and bac.eria. This information suggests that mic.obial honeydew volatiles enable ants to distantly disc.iminate aphid spec.es. These results strengthen the interest of studying the oc.urrenc. and potential impac. of mic.oorganisms in insec. symbioses.

关键词： ant aphid bac.eria honeydew mutualism rec.gnition VOc

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