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Invasive rats strengthen predation pressure on bird eggs in a South Pacific island rainforest

Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 583-590页

作者： Quiterie DURON Edouard BOURGUET Helene DE MERINGO Alexandre MILLON eric VIDAL Institut Mediterraneen de Biodiversite et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IRD Avignon Universite Centre IRD Noumea - BP A5 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle-Caledonie France Institut Mediterraneen de Biodiversite et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IRD Avignon Universite Technopole Arbois-Mediterranee Bat. Villemin - BP 80 F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 04 France

Invasive rats （Rattus spp.） are known to have pervasive impacts on island birds, particularly on their nesting success. To conserve or restore bird populations, numerous invasive rat control or eradication projects are undertaken on islands worldwide. However, such projects represent a huge investment and the decision-making process requires proper assessment of rat impacts. Here, we assessed the influence of two sympatric invasive rats （Rattus rattus and R. exulans） on native bird eggs in a New Caledonian rainforest, using artificial bird-nest monitoring. A total of 178 artificial nests containing two eggs of three different sizes were placed either on the ground or 1.5 m high and monitored at the start of the birds＇ breeding season. Overall, 12.4% of the nests were depredated during the first 7 days. At site 1, where nests were monitored during 16 days, 41.8% of the nests were depredated. The main predator was the native crow Corvus moneduloides, responsible for 62.9% of the overall predation events. Rats were responsible for only 22.9% of the events, and ate only small and medium eggs at both heights. Our experiment suggests that in New Caledonia, predation pressure by rats strengthens overall bird-nest predation, adding to that by native predators, Experimental rat control operations may allow reduced predation pressure on nests as well as the recording of biodiversity responses after rat population reduction.

关键词： bird-nest predation forest birds invasive rodents island conservation rat management.

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CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies a kinetochore-microtubule dependent mechanism for Aurora-A inhibitor resistance in breast cancer

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Cancer Communications 2021年第2期41卷 121-139页

作者： Ailin Chen Shijun Wen fang Liu Zijian Zhang Meiling Liu Yuanzhong Wu Bin He Min Yan Tiebang Kang eric W-f Lam Zifeng Wang Quentin Liu Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Institute of Cancer Stem Cell Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning 116044P.R.China Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College LondonW120NNLondonUK

Background:Overexpression of Aurora-A(AURKA)is a.feature of breast cancer and associates with adverse *** selective Aurora-A inhibitor alisertib(MLN8237)has recently demonstrated promising antitumor responses as a single agent in various cancer types but its phase III clinical trial was reported as a.failure since MLN8237 did not show an apparent effect in prolonging the survival of ***,identification of potential targets that could enhance the activity of MLN8237 would provide a rationale for drug combination to achieve better therapeutic ***:Here,we conducted a systematic synthetic lethality CRISPR/Cas9 screening of 507 kinases using MLN8237 in breast cancer cells and identified a number of targetable kinases that displayed synthetic lethality interactions with ***,we performed competitive growth assays,colony formation assays,cell viability assays,apoptosis assays,and xenograft murine model to evaluate the synergistic therapeutic effects of Haspin(GSG2)depletion or inhibition with *** mechanistic studies,immunofluorescence was used to detect the state of microtubules and the localization of Aurora-B and mitotic centromere-associated kinesin(MCAK).Results:Among the hits,we observed that Haspin depletion or inhibition marginally inhibited breast cancer cell growth but could substantially enhance the killing effects of *** studies showed that co-treatment with Aurora-A and Haspin inhibitors abolished the recruitment of Aurora-B and mitotic centromere-associated kinesin(MCAK)to centromeres which were associated with excessive microtubule depolymerization,kinetochore-microtubule(KT-MT)attachment failure,and severe mitotic *** further showed that the combination of MLN8237 and the Haspin inhibitor CHR-6494 synergistically reduced breast cancer cell viability and significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo tumor ***:These findings establish Haspin as a synthetic lethal targe

关键词： alisertib Aurora-A breast cancer CHR-6494 CRISPR/Cas9 screening haspin kinetochoremicrotubule mitotic centromere-associated kinesin synthetic lethal xenograft

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Physiological Effect of Kinetin on the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities During Production of Anthurium

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第5期4卷 182-192页

作者： de MOURa.fabiana B. VIEIRA Marcos R. da S. simoes Adriano do N. fERREIRA-SILVA Sérgio L. de SOUZA Carlos A.V. de SOUZA Eduardo S. da ROCHA Alexandre T. da SILVA Luzia.f. JUNIOR Miguel A. faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Pará Postgraduate Program in Plant Production Serra Talhada Academic UnitFederal Rural University of Pernambuco Department of Production Vegetable Unidade Academica de GaranhusFederal Rural University of Pernambuco

The results observed in the literature raise the hypothesis according to which cytokinin plays important roles in photosynthetic metabolisms and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of the isolated cytokinin kinetin at the production cycle, seeking to analyze its effects on enzyme activity and photosynthetic parameters. The plants treated with CK presented reduction of leaf CO_2 assimilation rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs), while that transpiration rate(Tr) was una.fected. The internal CO_2 concentrations decreased with the increase in cytokinin levels, but were maintained under CK 50 mg·L^(-1). The plants treated with CK 75 mg·L^(-1) was verified higher carboxylation efficiency(Pn/Ci), which was associated to values of CO_2 assimilation and transpiration unaltered. Apparent electron transport rate showed variations in the concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1). Considering the study of enzyme activity, on the other hand, it cannot be stated that kinetin has an effective action in delaying oxidative damage. It presents mixed results, since an efficiency in the application of cytokinin was not observed, presenting induction levels of ascorbate peroxidase activity. Thus, further research is needed to determine more precisely the effects of kinetin on gas exchange and antioxidant enzymes in anthurium plants.

关键词： anthurium kinetin photosynthesis senescence plant hormone oxidative stress

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SANTA： Self-aligned nanotrench ablation via Joule heating for probing sub-20 nm devices

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Nano Research 2016年第10期9卷 2950-2959页

作者： feng Xiong Sanchit Deshmukh Sungduk Hong Yuan Dai Ashkan Behnam feifei Lian eric Pop Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 6180 I USA

Manipulating materials at the nanometer scale is challenging, particularly if alignment with nanoscale electrodes is desired. Here, we describe a lithography-free, self-aligned nanotrench ablation （SANTA） technique to create nanoscale ＂trenches＂ in a polymer like poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA）. The nanotrenches are self-aligned with carbon nanotube （CNT） or graphene ribbon electrodes through a simple Joule heating process. Using simulations and experiments we investigated how the Joule power, ambient temperature, PMMA thickness, and substrate properties a.fect the spatial resolution of this technique. We achieved sub-20 nm nanotrenches, for the first time, by lowering the ambient temperature and reducing the PMMA thickness. We also demonstrated a.functioning nanoscale resistive memory （RRAM） bit self- aligned with a CNT control device, achieved through the SANTA approach. This technique provides an elegant and inexpensive method to probe nanoscale devices using self-aligned electrodes, without the use of conventional alignment or lithography steps.

关键词： nanolithography carbon nanotubes graphene finite element self-aligned fabrication nanoscale thermal transport

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Comprehensive DDoS Attack Classification Using Machine LearningAlgorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 577-594页

作者： Olga Ussatova Aidana Zhumabekova Yenlik Begimbayeva eric T.Matson Nikita Ussatov Al-farabi Kazakh National University Almaty050040Kazakhstan Institute of Information and Computational Technologies Almaty050010Kazakhstan Satbayev University Almaty050013Kazakhstan Purdue University West Lafayette47907INUSA Turan University Almaty050013Kazakhstan

The fast development of Internet technologies ignited the growthof techniques for information security that protect data, networks, systems,and applications from various threats. There are many types of threats. Thededicated denial of service attack (DDoS) is one of the most serious andwidespread attacks on Internet resources. This attack is intended to paralyzethe victim’s system and cause the service to fail. This work is devoted tothe classification of DDoS attacks in the special network environment calledSoftware-Defined Networking (SDN) using machine learning algorithms. Theanalyzed dataset included instances of two classes: benign and *** the dataset contained twenty-two features, the feature selection techniques were required for dimensionality reduction. In these experiments, theInformation gain, the Chi-square, and the f-test were applied to decreasethe number of features to ten. The classes were also not completely balanced, so undersampling, oversampling, and synthetic minority oversampling(SMOTE) techniques were used to balance classes equally. The previousresearch works observed the classification of DDoS attacks applying variousfeature selection techniques and one or more machine learning ***, they did not pay much attention to classifying the combinations offeature selection and balancing methods with different machine learningalgorithms. This work is devoted to the classification of datasets with eightmachine learning algorithms: naïve Bayes, logistic regression, support vectormachine, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, andCatBoost. In the experimental results, the Information gain and f-test featureselection methods achieved better performance with all eight ML algorithmsthan with the Chi-square technique. furthermore, the accuracy values of theoversampled and SMOTE datasets were higher than that of the undersampledand imbalanced datasets. Among machine learning algorithms, the accuracyof support vector

关键词： Internet security networks systems DDoS software-defined networking feature selection class balancing machine learning XGBoost CatBoost

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Practice of Physical Activity and Its Relationship with Lipid Profile of Adolescents

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Health 2014年第17期6卷 2356-2363页

作者： Mayenne Rodrigues Oliveira Ivelise f.a.f.da Costa Camilla Ribeiro Lima de farias Monica Oliveira da Silva simoes Carla Campos Muniz Medeiros Danielle franklin de Carvalho Department of Nursing State University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Graduate Program in Public Health Centre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Pharmacy Graduate Program in Public HealthCentre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Nursing Graduate Program in Public HealthCentre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil

In order to assess the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and its relationship with lipid profile among adolescents, a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with 102 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years from public schools of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, ethnicity, maternal education, socioeconomic status, nutritional status, the practice of PA and lipid profile. The variables were obtained through validated form, anthropometry (weight and height) and blood collection by contract laboratory. Double entry and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 22.0 were performed. first, a descriptive analysis of all variables was conducted, as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables. Accordingly, distribution was tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. According to results, correlation was evaluated by Pearson/Spearman tests. Significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. The study was approved by the Ethics Approach Committee (EAC) of the State University of Paraíba. The most prevalent sex in the sample was female and regarding maternal education, 35.4% had complete high school. Regarding serum lipoproteins, 16% showed elevated total cholesterol and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) 66% below the desired value. With regard to physical activity, 60.8% had insufficient PA levels. The sample showed changes in lipid profile and insufficiently active life style, besides having overpowered the eutrophic nutritional status. No statistically significant correlations between variables of the lipid profile and the time of PA were observed. These findings highlight the importance of physical exercise for maintaining health and suggest studies with larger populations in order to check the scientific literature regarding this topic.

关键词： Adolescents Motor Activity Cholesterol-HDL Dyslipidemias

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On strong-scaling and open-source tools for analyzing atom probe tomography data

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 148-157页

作者： Markus Kühbach Priyanshu Bajaj Huan Zhao Murat HÇelik eric AJägle Baptiste Gault Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH(MPIE) DüsseldorfGermany m4p material solutions GmbH MagdeburgGermany Institute for Advanced Simulation(IAS) Jülich Supercomputing Centre(JSC)JülichGermany Universität der Bundeswehr München NeubibergGermany Department of Materials Imperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonUK

The development of strong-scaling computational tools for high-throughput methods with an open-source code and transparent metadata standards has successfully transformed many computational materials science *** such tools are mature already in the condensed-matter physics community,the situation is still very different for many *** probe tomography(APT)is one *** microscopy and microanalysis technique has matured into a versatile nano-analytical characterization tool with applications that range from materials science to geology and possibly ***,data science tools are required for extracting chemo-structural spatial correlations from the reconstructed point *** APT and other high-end analysis techniques,post-processing is mostly executed with proprietary software tools,which are opaque in their execution and have often limited *** development by members of the scientific community has improved the situation but compared to the sophistication in the field of computational materials science several gaps *** is particularly the case for open-source tools that support scientific computing hardware,tools which enable high-throughput workflows,and open welldocumented metadata standards to align experimental research better with the fair data stewardship *** this end,we introduce paraprobe,an open-source tool for scientific computing and high-throughput studying of point cloud data,here exemplified with *** show how to quantify uncertainties while applying several computational geometry,spatial statistics,and clustering tasks for post-processing APT datasets as large as two billion *** tools work well in concert with Python and HDf5 to enable several orders of magnitude performance gain,automation,and reproducibility.

关键词： hardware Python execution

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Pain inhibition through transplantation of fetal neuronal progenitors into the injured spinal cord in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 2011-2019页

作者： Chary M. Batista eric D. Mariano Camila S. Dale Alexandre f. Cristante Luiz R. Britto Jose P. Otoch Manoel J. Teixeira Matthias Morgalla Guilherme Lepski Department of Neurology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Neurosurgery Eberhard-Karls UniversityTuebingenGermany Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury(SCI) is a complex condition that responds poorly to usual treatments. Cell transplantation represents a promising therapy;nevertheless, the ideal cell type in terms of neurogenic potential and effectiveness against pain remains largely controversial. Here, we evaluated the ability of fetal neural stem cells(fNSC) to relieve chronic pain and, secondarily, their effects on motor recovery. Adult Wistar rats with traumatic SCI were treated, 10 days after injury, with intra-spinal injections of culture medium(sham) or fNSCs extracted from telencephalic vesicles(TV group) or the ventral medulla(VM group) of E/14 embryos. Sensory(von frey filaments and hot plate) and motor(the Basso, Beattie,Bresnahan locomotor rating scale and inclined plane test) assessments were performed during 8 weeks. Thereafter, spinal cords were processed for immunofluorescence and transplanted cells were quantified by stereology. The results showed improvement of thermal hyperalgesia in the TV and VM groups at 4 and 5 weeks after transplantation, respectively. Moreover, mechanical allodynia improved in both the TV and VM groups at 8 weeks. No significant motor recovery was observed in the TV or VM groups compared with sham. Stereological analyses showed that ~70% of TV and VM cells differentiated into NeuN+ neurons,with a high proportion of enkephalinergic and GABAergic cells in the TV group and enkephalinergic and serotoninergic cells in the VM group. Our study suggests that neuronal precursors from TV and VM, once implanted into the injured spinal cord, maturate into different neuronal subtypes, mainly GABAergic, serotoninergic, and enkephalinergic, and all subtypes alleviate pain, despite no significant motor recovery. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medical School of the University of S?o Paulo(protocol number 033/14) on March 4, 2016.

关键词： spinal cord injuries chronic pain neural stem cells cell transplantation neuronal differentiation GABAergic neuron serotoninergic neuron enkephalinergic neuron

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Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 120-142页

作者： Carlene Moore Rupali Gupta Sven-eric Jordt Yong Chen Wolfgang B.Liedtke Department of Neurology Duke University Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center

Nociception is an important physiological process that detects harmful signals and results in pain perception. In this review, we discuss important experimental evidence involving some TRP ion channels as molecular sensors of chemical, thermal, and mechanical noxious stimuli to evoke the pain and itch sensations. Among them are the TRPA1 channel, members of the vanilloid subfamily （TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4）, and finally members of the melastatin group （TRPM2, TRPM3, and TRPMS）. Given that pain and itch are pro-survival, evolutionarily-honed protective mechanisms, care has to be exercised when developing inhibitory/modulatory com- pounds targeting specific pain/itch-TRPs so that physio- logical protective mechanisms are not disabled to a degree that stimulus-mediated injury can occur. Such events have impeded the development of safe and effective TRPV1- modulating compounds and have diverted substantial resources. A beneficial outcome can be readily accom- plished via simple dosing strategies, and also by incorpo- rating medicinal chemistry design features during compound design and synthesis. Beyond clinical use, where compounds that target more than one channel might have a place and possibly have advantageous features, highly specific and high-potency compounds will be helpful in mechanistic discovery at the structure-function level.

关键词： TRP channels Pain Itch Nociceptors - Inflammation Lipids Temperature Hyperalgesia Nerve damage Neuropathic pain Mechanotransduction Allodynia

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Lipoprotein(a)and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Overweight Adolescents

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Health 2014年第17期6卷 2349-2355页

作者： Débora Larissa Rufino Alves Camilla Ribeiro Lima de farias Ivelise f.a.f.da Costa Monica Oliveira da Silva simoes Carla Campos Muniz Medeiros Danielle franklin de Carvalho Department of Nursing State University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Graduate Program in Public Health Centre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Pharmacy Graduate Program in Public HealthCentre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Nursing Graduate Program in Public HealthCentre for Epidemiological ResearchState University of ParaibaCampina GrandeBrazil

Introduction: The more intense and early development of obesity, the greater the risk of persistence and severity of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that high serum concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: To verify the change in the levels of Lp (a) and ultrasensitive CRP and its relationship with the nutritional status of adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with overweight children and adolescents between August 2012 and July 2013 attended at the Center for Childhood Obesity. The measurement of inflammatory markers was performed in the Clinical Laboratory of the State University of Paraiba. Comparison of sociodemographic variables by sex was tested by chi-square;the association of the risk markers according to age was evaluated by Student’s t test, and the body mass index by analysis of Pearson correlation. The normality distribution was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Confidence interval of 95% was adopted in all analyses. The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of UEPB (CAAE 0256.***.133.000-11). Results: Of the 133 children and adolescents evaluated, 60.9% were female and 72.2% were adolescents. Body Mass Index, lipo (a) and u-CRP showed statistically significant association with age (p f u-CRP with BMI, which was not verified for lipoprotein (a). Conclusion: As a cardiovascular risk marker already established in literature, the association of u-CRP with the nutritional status of adolescents, proportionally, shows the need for losing weight in this population, especially at early age. A deeper and long-term investigation should be carried out for more effective and consistent contribution to public health.

关键词： Children Adolescents Obesity Lipoprotein C-Reactive Protein

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