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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbazole-triazine dendrimer with bulky substituents

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 236-243页

作者： Hiroki Ikebe Kohei Nakao eri Hisamura Minori Furukori Yasuo Nakayama Takuya Hosokai Minlang Yang Guanting Liu Takuma Yasuda Ken Albrecht Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu UniversityKasugaJapan Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceNodaChibaJapan National Metrology Institute of Japan(NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)TsukubaIbarakiJapan Institute for Advanced Study Kyushu UniversityNishi-kuFukuokaJapan

Carbazole-triazine dendrimers with a bulky terminal substituent were synthesized,and the thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)property was investigated.Compared to unsubstituted carbazole dendrimers,dendrimers with bulky terminal substituents showed comparable to better photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQY)in neat films.Phenylfluorene(PF)-substituted dendrimers showed the highest PLQY of 81%,a smallΔEst of 0.06 eV,and the fastest reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)rate of∼1×10^(5 )s^(−1) compared to other dendrimers.Phosphorescence measurements of dendrimers and dendrons(fragments)indicate that the close proximity of the triplet energy of phenylfluorene-substituted carbazole dendrons(^(3)LE)to that of phenylfluorene-substituted dendrimers(^(1)CT,^(3)CT)contributes to RISC promotion and improves TADF efficiency.Terminal modification fine-tunes the energy level and suppresses intermolecular interactions,and this study provides a guideline for designing efficient solution-processable and non-doped TADF materials.

关键词： dendrimer OLED TADF 1 INTRODUCTION Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials which are inexpensive and highly efficient alternatives to fluorescent

Using Cross Entropy as a Performance Metric for Quantifying Uncertainty in DNN Image Classifiers: An Application to Classification of Lung Cancer on CT Images

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 1-12页

作者： eri Matsuyama Masayuki Nishiki Noriyuki Takahashi Haruyuki Watanabe Faculty of Informatics University of Fukuchiyama Kyoto Japan Graduate School of Radiological Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Tochigi Japan School of Health Sciences Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan School of Radiological Technology Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences Gunma Japan

Cross entropy is a measure in machine learning and deep learning that assesses the difference between predicted and actual probability distributions. In this study, we propose cross entropy as a performance evaluation metric for image classifier models and apply it to the CT image classification of lung cancer. A convolutional neural network is employed as the deep neural network (DNN) image classifier, with the residual network (ResNet) 50 chosen as the DNN archi-tecture. The image data used comprise a lung CT image set. Two classification models are built from datasets with varying amounts of data, and lung cancer is categorized into four classes using 10-fold cross-validation. Furthermore, we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to visually explain the data distribution after classification. Experimental results demonstrate that cross en-tropy is a highly useful metric for evaluating the reliability of image classifier models. It is noted that for a more comprehensive evaluation of model perfor-mance, combining with other evaluation metrics is considered essential. .

关键词： Cross Entropy Performance Metrics DNN Image Classifiers Lung Cancer Prediction Uncertainty

The Effect of Umami Stimulation on Salivary Secretion Rate and Duration

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Health 2024年第1期16卷 52-59页

作者： eri Sambuichi Rumi Nishimura Shiho Morishita Shigeru Watanabe Department of Oral Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Meikai University Urayasu Japan Department of Oral Epidemiology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10−3 M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10−3 M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10−3 M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10−3 M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10−2 M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.

关键词： Salivary Secretion Umami Flavor Oral Health Stimulated Salivary Secretion

Usefulness of Newly Devised Clomiphene Citrate Administration Method Compared with the Conventional Method in Ovulation and Pregnancy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 637-649页

作者： Makoto Kawamura Misaki Akiyama Remi Nakajima eri Satoi Yoko Ogaki Rieko Kanda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kohseichuo General Hospital Tokyo Japan

Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.

关键词： Clomiphene Citrate Infertility Menstrual Cycle Ovulation Induction

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2023年西藏美术热点现象述评

西藏艺术研究 2024年第1期 4-12页

作者：俄日东主西藏大学艺术学院

本文回顾评述了2023年西藏美术相关的热点现象。西藏近现代美术挖掘整理、后疫情时代艺术的国际交流、美术创作以及展览等热点现象,反映了中华民族的文化自信,呈现了西藏美术多领域的时代新风。2023年的西藏美术重点围绕铸牢中华民族共... 详细信息

本文回顾评述了2023年西藏美术相关的热点现象。西藏近现代美术挖掘整理、后疫情时代艺术的国际交流、美术创作以及展览等热点现象,反映了中华民族的文化自信,呈现了西藏美术多领域的时代新风。2023年的西藏美术重点围绕铸牢中华民族共同体意识,在创作、展览、交流、研究和美术馆建设等方面取得了优异的成绩。

关键词： 2023年西藏美术热点分析年度述评

Understanding the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of foot complications in individuals with diabetes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第8期11卷 1669-1683页

作者： Tatjana Matijević Jasminka Talapko Tomislav Meštrović Marijan Matijević Suzana erić Ivan erić IvanaŠkrlec Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Hospital Center OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia University Centre Varaždin University NorthVaraždin 42000Croatia Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department for Health Metrics Sciences University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Surgery National Memorial Hospital VukovarVukovar 32000Croatia Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinical Hospital Center OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Department of Surgery Osijek University Hospital CentreOsijek 31000Croatia

Diabetes mellitus,a chronic disease of metabolism,is characterized by a disordered production or cellular utilization of insulin.Diabetic foot disease,which comprises the spectrum of infection,ulceration,and gangrene,is one of the most severe complications of diabetes and is the most common cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients.The aim of this study is to provide an evidence-based overview of diabetic foot complications.Due to neuropathy,diabetic foot infections can occur in the form of ulcers and minor skin lesions.In patients with diabetic foot ulcers,ischemia and infection are the main causes of non-healing ulcers and amputations.Hyperglycemia compromises the immune system of individuals with diabetes,leading to persistent inflammation and delayed wound healing.In addition,the treatment of diabetic foot infections is challenging due to difficulty in accurate identification of pathogenic microorganisms and the widespread issue of antimicrobial resistance.As a further complicating factor,the warning signs and symptoms of diabetic foot problems can easily be overlooked.Issues associated with diabetic foot complications include peripheral arterial disease and osteomyelitis;accordingly,the risk of these complications in people with diabetes should be assessed annually.Although antimicrobial agents represent the mainstay of treatment for diabetic foot infections,if peripheral arterial disease is present,revascularization should be considered to prevent limb amputation.A multidisciplinary approach to the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of diabetic patients,including those with foot ulcers,is of the utmost importance to reduce the cost of treatment and avoid major adverse consequences such as amputation.

关键词： Diabetic foot Diabetes mellitus Foot ulcer Infection Peripheral arterial disease

Transport, signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 231-249页

作者： eri Adams Ryoung Shin RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science

Potassium （K＋） is an essential macronutrient in plants and a lack of K＋ significantly reduces the potential for plant growth and development. By contrast, sodium （Na＋）, while beneficial to some extent, at high concentrations it disturbs and inhibits various physiological processes and plant growth. Due to their chemical similarities, some functions of K＋ can be undertaken by Na＋ but K＋ homeostasis is severely affected by salt stress, on the other hand. Recent advances have highlighted the fascinating regulatory mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ transport and signaling in plants. This review summarizes three major topics：（i） the transport mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ from the soil to the shoot and to the cellular - compartments; （ii） the mechanisms through which plants sense and respond to K＋ and Na＋ availability; and （iii） the components involved in maintenance of K＋/Na＋ homeostasis in plants under salt stress.

关键词： Homeostasis potassium signaling sodium transport

Mechanisms of Cup-Shaped Vesicle Formation Using Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2022年第2期12卷 43-54页

作者： eri Yoshida Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Japan

A cup shape is a dynamic morphology of cells and organelles. With the aim of elucidating the formation of the biotic cup-shaped morphology, this study investigated cup-shaped vesicles consisting of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer from the aspect of synthetic polymer chemistry. Cup-shaped vesicles were obtained by the polymerization-induced self-assembly of poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid), PMAA-b-P(BMA-r-MAA), in an aqueous methanol solution using the photo nitroxide-mediated controlled/living radical polymerization technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated that the cup-shaped vesicles were suddenly formed during the late stage of the polymerization due to the extension of the hydrophobic P(BMA-r-MAA) block chain. During the early stage, the polymerization produced spherical vesicles rather than a cup shape. As the hydrophobic block chain was extended by the polymerization progress, the spherical vesicles reduced the size and were accompanied by the generation of small particles that were attached to the vesicles. The vesicles continued to reduce the size due to further extension of the hydrophobic chain;however, they suddenly grew into cup-shaped vesicles. This growth was accounted for by a change in the critical packing shape of the copolymer due to the hydrophobic chain extension. These findings are helpful for a better understanding of the biotic cup-shaped vesicle formation.

关键词： Cup-Shaped Vesicles Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid) Critical Packing Shape

LIN28A:A multifunctional versatile molecule with future therapeutic potential

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2022年第2期13卷 35-46页

作者： Kenneth Wu Tauseef Ahmad Rajaraman eri Department of Laboratory Medicine School of Health SciencesCollege of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmania 7250Australia

An RNA-binding protein,LIN28A was initially discovered in nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and regulated stem cell differentiation and proliferation.With the aid of mouse models and cancer stem cells models,LIN28A demonstrated a similar role in mammalian stem cells.Subsequent studies revealed LIN28A’s roles in regulating cell cycle and growth,tissue repair,and metabolism,especially glucose metabolism.Through regulation by pluripotency and neurotrophic factors,LIN28A performs these roles through let-7 dependent(binding to let-7)or independent(binding directly to mature mRNA)pathways.Elevated LIN28A levels are associated with cancers such as breast,colon,and ovarian cancers.Overexpressed LIN28A has been implicated in liver diseases and Rett syndrome whereas loss of LIN28A was linked to Parkinson’s disease.LIN28A inhibitors,LIN28A-specific nanobodies,and deubiquitinases targeting LIN28A could be feasible options for cancer treatments while drugs upregulating LIN28A could be used in regenerative therapy for neuropathies.We will review the upstream and downstream signalling pathways of LIN28A and its physiological functions.Then,we will examine current research and gaps in research regarding its mechanisms in conditions such as cancers,liver diseases,and neurological diseases.We will also look at the therapeutic potential of LIN28A in RNA-targeted therapies including small interfering RNAs and RNAprotein interactions.

关键词： Let-7 Differentiation Proliferation Cancer Inflammation