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Nanophotonic media for artificial neural inference

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Photonics Research 2019年第8期7卷 823-827页

作者： erfan KHORAM ANG CHEN DIANJING LIU LEI YING QIQI WANG MING YUAN ZONGFU YU Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsin53706USA Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts02139USA Department of Statistics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew York10027USA

We show optical waves passing through a nanophotonic medium can perform artificial neural *** information is encoded in the wavefront of an input light. The medium transforms the wavefront to realize sophisticated computing tasks such as image recognition. At the output, the optical energy is concentrated in well-defined locations, which, for example, can be interpreted as the identity of the object in the *** computing media can be as small as tens of wavelengths and offer ultra-high computing density. They exploit subwavelength scatterers to realize complex input/output mapping beyond the capabilities of traditional nanophotonic devices.

关键词： image simulation Nanophotonic media

Validating a point of care lactate meter in adult patients with sepsis presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital of a low-to middle-income country

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 184-189页

作者： Muhammad Akbar Baig Hira Shahzad erfan Hussain Asad Mian Department of Emergency Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Adult Critical Care Services Aga Khan University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Hospital

BACKGROUND: Timely identifi cation of high blood lactate levels in septic patients may allow faster detection of those patients requiring immediate resuscitation. Point-of-care(POC) testing is being increasingly utilized in the emergency department(ED). We examined the accuracy and timesaving effect of a handheld POC lactate device for the measurement of fingertip and whole blood lactate as compared with reference laboratory blood testing in septic ED ***: A convenience sample of adult ED patients receiving serum lactate testing were enrolled prospectively in the ED of a multidisciplinary tertiary care hospital serving the population of one of the major cities of Pakistan. Participants underwent fi ngertip POC lactate measurement with a portable device and simultaneous whole blood sampling for analysis by both the POC lactate device and standard laboratory method. Lactate measurements were compared by intraclass correlation(ICC) and Bland and Altman ***: Forty-three septic patients were included in the study. The fingertip POC & whole blood POC lactate measurements each correlated tightly with the reference method(ICC=0.93 & ICC=0.92, respectively). Similarly at 6 hours, the fingertip POC & whole blood POC lactate measurements demonstrated satisfactory correlation with the reference method(ICC=0.95 & ICC=0.97, respectively).CONCLUSION: Fingertip POC lactate measurement is an accurate method to determine lactate levels in septic ED *** WORDS: Sepsis; Point of care; Lactate; Emergency department;

关键词： Sepsis Point of care Lactate Emergency department Pakistan

The effect of swelling agent on the pore characteristics of mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第3期25卷 185-190页

作者： L.Bakhtiari J.Javadpour H.R.Rezaie M.erfan M.A.Shokrgozar School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran

The effect of swelling agent on the physicochemical properties of mesoporous hydroxyapatite particles synthesized by self-assembly process has been investigated. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and 1-dodecanethiol were used as soft template and swelling agent respectively. The results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), simultaneous thermal analysis(STA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area, small-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)assessments revealed that in the case of low concentration, 1-dodecanethiol performed as swelling agent and caused an increase in the pore size. However, at higher concentrations it led to the formation of microemulsion and foamy structures. The optimum swelling agent: surfactant mass ratio in synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite particles with high pore volume was determined to be around 2.1 in this study.

关键词： Mesopore Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Swelling agent Pore characteristics

A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第3期1卷 161-170页

作者： erfan Soliman Sarujan Ranjan Tianyou Xu Carol Gee Aidan Harker Alvaro Barrera John Geddes Department of Engineering Sciences Institute of BiomedicalEngineering Old Road Campus Research BuildingUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX3 7DQ UK Warneford Hospital Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Warneford Hospital Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK

There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.

关键词：肌肉组织血管生物技术发展现状

Warpage and Shrinkage Optimization of Injection-Molded Plastic Spoon Parts for Biodegradable Polymers Using Taguchi, ANOVA and Artificial Neural Network Methods

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第8期32卷 710-720页

作者： erfan Oliaei Behzad Shiroud Heidari Seyed Mohammad Davachi Mozhgan Bahrami Saeed Davoodi Iman Hejazi Javad Seyfi Applied Science Nano Research Group ASNARKA P.C. *** Tehran Iran Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136. United States Department of Chemical Engineering Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University RO. Box 36155-163 Shahrood lran

In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of ex- periments alongside considering all interaction effects of controlling parameters carefully for green biodegradable polymeric systems, including polylactic acid （PLA）, polylactic acid-thermoplastic poly- urethane （PLA-TPU） and polylactic acid-thermoplastic starch （PLA-TPS）. The experiments were carried out using injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflov~~ in order to minimize warpage and volumetric shrinkage for each of the mentioned systems. The analysis was conducted by changing five significant processing parameters, including coolant temperature, packing time, packing pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature. Taguchi＇s [.27 （35） orthogonal array was selected as an efficient method for design of simulations in order to consider the interaction effects of the parameters and reduce spu- rious simulations. Meanwhile, artificial neural network （ANN） was also used for pattern recognition and optimization through modifying the processing conditions. The Taguchi coupled analysis of variance （ANOVA） and ANN analysis resulted in definition of optimum levels for each factor by two completely different methods. According to the results, melting temperature, coolant temperature and packing time had significant influence on the shrinkage and warpage. The ANN optimal level selection for minimiza- tion of shrinkage and/or warpage is in good agreement with ANOVA optimal level selection results. This investigation indicates that PLA-TPU compound exhibits the highest resistance to warpage and shrink- age defects compared to the other studied compounds.

关键词： Injection molding simulation Yaguchi Artificial neural networks Biodegradable plastic Disposable spoons

An experimental study of elastic properties of dragonfly-like flapping wings for use in biomimetic micro air vehicles(BMAVs)

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 726-737页

作者： Praveena Nair Sivasankaran Thomas Arthur Ward erfan Salami Rubentheren Viyapuri Christopher J.Fearday Mohd Rafie Johan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malaya KuaIa Lumpur 50603 Malaysia School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia Putrajaya 62200 Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

This article studies the elastic properties of several biomimetic micro air vehicle（BMAV）wings that are based on a dragonfly *** are a new class of unmanned micro-sized air vehicles that mimic the flapping wing motion of flying biological organisms（e.g.,insects,birds,and bats）.Three structurally identical wings were fabricated using different materials：acrylonitrile butadiene styrene（ABS）,polylactic acid（PLA）,and *** wing frame structures were fabricated from these materials and then a nanocomposite film was adhered to them which mimics the membrane of an actual *** wings were then attached to an electromagnetic actuator and passively flapped at frequencies of 10-250 Hz.A three-dimensional high frame rate imaging system was used to capture the flapping motions of these wings at a resolution of 320 pixels x 240 pixels and 35000 frames per *** maximum bending angle,maximum wing tip deflection,maximum wing tip twist angle,and wing tip twist speed of each wing were measured and compared to each other and the actual dragonfly *** results show that the ABS wing has considerable flexibility in the chordwise direction,whereas the PLA and acrylic wings show better conformity to an actual dragonfly wing in the spanwise *** studies have shown that the aerodynamic performance of a BMAV flapping wing is enhanced if its chordwise flexibility is increased and its spanwise flexibility is ***,the ABS wing（fabricated using a 3D printer） shows the most promising results for future applications.

关键词： ABS Acrylic Biomimetic micro air vehicle Flapping mechanism PLA Wing structure

Sources of variability in laboratory rock test results

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 985-1001页

作者： Rashid Geranmayeh Vaneghi Seyed erfan Saberhosseini Arcady VDyskin Klaus Thoeni Mostafa Sharifzadeh Mohammad Sarmadivaleh WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityKalgoorlieWA6430Australia Northern Star Resources KalgoorlieWA6430Australia Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehranIran School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityKensingtonPerthWA6151Australia

Appropriate rock characterization is beneficial in providing a reliable judgment on rock properties which is crucial for the design process of rock engineering ***,it can be difficult to obtain consistent mechanical parameters due to substantial variations in rock *** this research,uniaxial compression tests on dolerite specimens collected from a gold mine in Western Australia showed substantial scatter in the *** categorization based on the P-wave velocities is as accurate as the thin section analysis,which suggests that they can be used together to gain a more accurate initial understanding of the rock types before any laboratory *** quality of specimen preparation and rockemachine interaction greatly affect the test *** instance,non-parallelness of loading platens can lead to considerable scatter of the testing results,which would be perceived as rock *** is suggested that the current testing standards should be modified towards a better control of the loading machine performance and equipment ***,the possibility of pre-existing microcracks in rock,neither detected by the thin section analysis nor by the ultrasonic measurement,must be examined by computed tomography(CT)scanning as they can affect the test *** study will enhance our knowledge about the sources of variability in laboratory test results of rock which is essential for obtaining reliable data.

关键词： Rock property variation Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) Specimen preparation End flatness Loading equipment precision Pre-existing microcrack

Three horizontal muscle surgery for large-angle esotropia: success rate and dose-effect ratio

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第4期13卷 632-636页

作者： Reza Nabie Vahideh Manouchehri Saba Salehpour Banafsheh Kharrazi Ghadim erfan Bahramani Department of Ophthalmology Nikookari Eye HospitalTabriz University of Medical ScienceTabriz ***Iran Faculty of Medicine Islamic Azad UniversityTabriz BranchTabriz 12345Iran

AIM: To evaluate the moderate-term success and calculate the mean dose-effect ratio in large-angle esotropic patients who underwent three muscle ***: In a retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 37 patients with large-angle esotropia who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession and one lateral rectus resection. Sex, age at surgery time, amount of recessed or resected muscles in millimeter(mm), preand postoperative alignment in prism diopter(D), dose/response ratio, and presence of amblyopia and other associated vertical deviations were ***: The mean age of subjects at surgery was 12.2±12.3 y(range: 1-57). The mean preoperative deviation of 70.4±8.1 D(range: 60-85 D) decreased to a mean of 5.4±8.1 D(range: 0-30 D) postoperatively(P<0.005). Successful alignment was achieved in 30 of 37 patients(81%) at a mean follow-up of 15.7±20.1 mo(range: 3-90). The mean amount of recession and resection was 17.59±1.29 mm, and a mean dose-response ratio of 3.79±81(range: 2.83-4.66) was ***: Three-muscle surgery for large-angle esotropia results in good moderate-term outcomes without high rates of overcorrection or undercorrection.

关键词： large-angle esotropia three-muscle surgery dose response ratio

Association analysis of FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity risk among Egyptian children and adolescents

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Genes & Diseases 2017年第3期4卷 170-175页

作者： Samar Samir Abdelmajed Mohamed Youssef Moushira erfan Zaki Naglaa Abu-Mandil Hassan Somaia Ismail October University for Modern Sciences and Arts(MSA) GizaEgypt Organic chemistry Department Faculty of scienceCairo UniversityEgypt Biological Anthropology Department Medical Research DivisionNational Research CentreEgypt Medical Molecular Genetics Department Human Genetics and Genome Research DivisionNational Research CentreGizaEgypt

Obesity is a common disorder that has a significant impact on human health as it may lead to many serious diseases and sometimes *** genome-wide association studies(GWAS)confirmed that there is a relationship between some variants in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity associated(FTO)gene and obesity in adults and children in different ethnic *** our study,the association of the FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 variants with obesity was investigated in Egyptian children and *** examined rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms in 100 control and 100 obese cases,we used the restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)technique to genotype the *** current study showed that there were no significant differences(P>0.05)between the cases and controls in both variants of rs17817449 and rs9939609 ***,there were significant correlations between rs17817449 and cholesterol and between rs9939609 and *** Current Study although the two variants(rs9939609 and rs17817449)didn’t show an association with obesity,but there was a correlation between the lipid profile and these two variants.

关键词： Children Egyptians Fat mass and obesity associated gene(FTO) Obesity Variants