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Do Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in the genital tract affect semen quality?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第5期8卷 562-568页

作者： Yan Wang Cui-Ling Liang Jun-Qing Wu Chen Xu Shi-Xiao Qin er-sheng gao Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Department of Epidemiology Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China Institute of Population Studies East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200025 China

Aim： To investigate the relationship between Ureaplasma urealyticum （UU） infection and semen quality. Methods： From 2001 to 2003, 346 eligible patients aged 20-45 years were invited from two hospitals in Shanghai, China, to participate in an investigation which included questionnaires about general and reproductive health, an external genital tract examination, UU culture and semen analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether UU had a significant effect on semen quality after adjustment for confounding factors. Results： Findings suggested that UU infection was associated with higher semen viscosity and lower semen pH value. Sperm concentration was lower in UU positive subjects than that in UU negative subjects （54.04 × 10^6/mL vs.70.58 × 10^6/mL）. However, UU did not significantly affect other semen quality indexes. Conclusion： UU infection of the male genital tract could negatively influence semen quality.

关键词： Ureaplasma urealyticum semen quality sperm concentration seminal plasma questionnaire infection

Current Situations of the Integration of RTIs Prevention and Treatment into Routine FP Program

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2007年第2期18卷 102-109页

作者： Ei-xia DOU Wei YUAN Meng-ye PENG er-sheng gao Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China

Objective To understand the current situation of the integration of reproductive tract infections （RTIs） prevention and treatment into routine Family planning （FP） program. Methods Literature review, in depth interview and focus group discussion were employed to collect the related information. Questionnaire survey was conducted in 59 county level FP facilities. Results Both central and local governments provide policy supports to RTIs prevention and treatment. Nearly 98.3% of local FP facilities had integrated this work into their routine FP program. A comprehensive network system of family planning has been established in China and there were plenty of FP human resources. The existing FP resource should be effectively used, which could produce great social benefit if RTIs prevention and treatment be integrated into routine FP program. However, some problems still need to be solved in the integrated program, such as insufficient finance support, low quality of service, lack of co-operations between different sectors, etc. Conclusion It is possible and feasible to develop RTIs controlling projects in the family planning system. However, intensive training and close cooperation need to be applied respectively into FP staffs and relative departments.

关键词： reproductive tract infection family planning(FP) quality of care

Effects of Cesarean Section on Infant Health in China:Matched Prospective Cohort Study

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2007年第3期18卷 221-230页

作者： Li-feng ZHOU Hong LIANG Bing-shun WANG Ye ZHONG Li-ping ZHU Xiao-ling gao er-sheng gao Department of Preventive and Social Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China Department of Biostatistics Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200025 China Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Shanghai Women＇s Health Institute Shanghai 200040 China

Objective To compare the medical outcomes of infants delivered by cesarean section with those of infants delivered vaginally. Methods A total of 301 healthy women with cesarean section and a matched control group of 301 women delivered vaginally were identified at three district-level hospitals in Shanghai from May 2001 to February 2003. Two groups were matched according to their medical indications for cesarean section. Their infants were assessed at delivery, 1 month, 6 month and 1 year after birth. Results The incidence of neonatal complications and infant morbidities at all measurement occasions did not differ significantly between groups. Rehospitalization was found to be more likely among infants delivered by cesarean section in the first month after birth. However, there was no difference between two groups in the incidence of rehospitalization in the first year after birth. Cesarean section was also associated with a higher risk of infant diarrhea （adjusted relative risk=1.25, 95% CI： 1.01, 1.56）. Conclusion Infants did not have health benefits from cesarean section if the pregnancy was at low risk.

关键词： cesarean section infant morbidity cohort study

An analytical model to estimate the time delay to reach spontaneous ignition considering heat loss in oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2469-2474页

作者： James J.sheng er-Long Yang College of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum University

During air injection into an oil reservoir, an oxidation reaction generates some heat to raise the reservoir temperature. When the reservoir temperature reaches an ignition temperature, spontaneous ignition occurs. There is a time delay from the injection to ignition. There are mixed results regarding the feasibility of spontaneous ignition in real-field projects and in laboratory experiments. No analytical model is available in the literature to estimate the oxidation time required to reach spontaneous ignition with heat *** paper discusses the feasibility of spontaneous ignition from theoretical points and experimental and field project observations. An analytical model considering heat loss is proposed. Analytical models with and without heat loss investigate the factors that affect spontaneous ignition. Based on the discussion and investigations, we find that it is more difficult for spontaneous ignition to occur in laboratory experiments than in oil reservoirs; spontaneous ignition is strongly affected by the initial reservoir temperature, oil activity, and heat loss; spontaneous ignition is only possible when the initial reservoir temperature is high, the oil oxidation rate is high, and the heat loss is low.

关键词： Spontaneous ignition Time delay Air injection Heat loss Low temperature oxidation Combustion

Impact of Life Skills Training to Improve Cognition on Risk of Sexual Behavior and Contraceptive Use among Vocational School Students in Shanghai,China

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2008年第4期19卷 239-251页

作者： Chao-hua LOU Xiao-jin WANG Xiao-wen TU er-sheng gao Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & Devices Shanghai 200032 China

Objective To evaluate the impact of life skills training that uses participatory teaching method on improving reproductive health cognition of vocational school students of metropolitan, China.Methods Three vocational schools of an urban district in Shanghai were selected as the research sites, with two schools as the intervention groups（group A and group B） and the other as the control（group C）. Group A was provided life skills training with core of reproductive health plus peer education, while group B only provided life skills training. All the second grade students were recruited as the subjects. Baseline surveys were conducted in three schools before the implementation of the intervention, and similar surveys were conducted after two terms of the intervention to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 1 612 subjects, including 810 males and 802 females, were recruited. The effects of the intervention on subjects＇ cognitions on sexual behavior and condom/contraceptive use were analyzed using mixed model with repeated measures.Results From pretest to posttest, there were significant increase of the proportions of perceiving risks in getting pregnant, infecting STDs and HIV, benefits by learning and using condom, and self-efficacy in contraceptive use, and decrease of the proportions of perceiving barriers for condom use in two intervention groups; while few similar changes in the control group. In mixed modeling analysis, interaction effects of group A × time and group B × time were found on the scores of perceived risks （P〈0.000 1）, perceived benefits （P〈0.000 1）, perceived barriers （P=0.001 2for group A and P=0.003 4 for group B）,and perceived self-efficacy （P〈0.000 1）. The significant difference of the effects between two interventions was only observed on perceived benefits （P 〈0.000 1）.Conclusion Life skills training using participatory approaches is effective in improving students＇ reproductive health cognition and could be used as an im

关键词： life skill training participatory method reproductive health cognition vocational school students China

China’s Experience of Quality Care in Family Planning

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2006年第3期17卷 129-138页

作者： er-sheng gao Wei YUAN Ning LIU Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China

Objective To evaluate and overview the experience of quality care of family planning of *** The framework of quality care of China was summarized and analyzed, that was clients, technology and management triangle program *** The 8fundamental elements of quality care in China were presented： 1） policy environment of QoC, 2） comprehensive services, 3） choice of method, 4） IEC to policy-makers and providers, 5） technical competence, 6） interpersonal communications, 7） institutional guideline and regulation, 8） appropriate constella- tion of *** FP sectors should prepare different constellations of service to meet their individual reproductive health need for different clients and develop institutional guide- line and regulation for FP service to follow up in practice. QoC should be a kind of standardized service process.

关键词： reproductive health service quality care family planning

Unmet Needs for Reproductive Health Knowledge among Unmarried Migrant Youth

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2008年第4期19卷 227-238页

作者： Shuang-ling ZHAO er-sheng gao Laurie Schwab Zabin Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Objective To explore the deep reason for the lack of reproductive knowledge among migrant youth.Methods Qualitative research method was used with in-depth interview as the major approach to collect data.Results The results showed that lack of formal sexual education and the special social status were deep reason for their knowledge lack. Very few of them had received sex education in school. Before falling in love and beginning to date, most girls and some boys have no interest in sexual related knowledge. The knowledge they have usually come first from peer communication and are full of mistakes. As growing up, mass media, like TV and magazines begin to be their major knowledge sources. But many get the information from TV dramas, novels or advertisements, and few from formal educational programs. Working long hours each day, with little leisure time and living isolated in cities, migrant people rarely benefit from the ongoing education activities in cities.Conclusion Special sexual and reproductive health education program are needed urgently among unmarried migrant youth, particularly female.

关键词： migrant youth reproductive health knowledge China

Condom Use and Breakage among Women in Shanghai

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2010年第1期21卷 41-52页

作者： Jun-qing WU er-sheng gao Na LI Department of Epidemiology and Social Science Research on Reproductive Health Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032 China School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China

Objective To determine the frequency of condom breakage and understand if couple took any measure（s） to protect against pregnancy when condom breakage happened. Methods It＇s a prospective follow-up study. A total of 1 562 subjects in 9 districts of Shanghai were selected. Subjects were divided into two groups. Totally 812 subjects were in condomlemergency contraceptive pills（ECP） combined regimen group and 750 subjects were in the group of condom only. Each subject used daily diary card to record the presence or absence of menstrual bleeding or spotting, each act of sexual intercourse, condom problem, together with brief details about use of condom/postcoital ECP. The selected subjects were interviewed at the end of 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month after enrollment with their diary to＇c＇ollect information mentioned above. Results The total condom breakage rate （CBR） of whole year was 0.53 per 1 000 condoms. The condom breakage ratio per 1 000 person months （CBRp） was 2.58. The result of multiple logistic regression showed that husbands＇ age, occupation and couples＂ condom using experience might affect the condom breakage. Compared with 〈30 years old husbands, subjects whose husbands were 30-34 years old and ≥35 years old could have higher CBR （RR=2.29, 4.07, respectively）. Compared with subjects whose husbands were medical staff, subjects whose husbands were teacher and scientific technician, manager, worker and service worker could have higher risk of condom breakage （RR=3.88, 9.30, 4.00 and 8.28, respectively）. Subjects with condom using experience might have lower risk of condom breakage （RR=0.44）. Conclusion The condom breakage rate was age, husband＇s occupation and condom using affecting the condom breakage. significant associated with husband＇s experience. Those might be the factors

关键词： condom breakage factor affecting

Influence of the Acoustic Liner in Large Eddy Simulation of Longitudinal Thermoacoustic Instability in a Model Annular Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 710-724页

作者： MENG sheng ZHANG Man gao Yi AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co. Ltd.Shanghai200241China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Although extensive efforts have been made to dampen the thermoacoustic instability,successfully controlling the pressure oscillations in modern gas turbines or aeroengines remains *** influence of the acoustic liner on the longitudinal thermoacoustic mode in a model annular combustor is investigated by Large Eddy Simulation(LES) in this *** result of the self-excited longitudinal thermoacoustic instability without the liner agrees well with the frequency and acoustic analysis of the pressure mode based on experimental *** different bias flow velocities of the liner located downstream of the combustor are then *** results reveal that the existence of the liner influences not only the acoustic field but also the flow *** the bias velocity is large,it leads to intense turbulence-induced fluctuations,and the pressure oscillation is modulated *** shows that the weak coupling between flow and pressure oscillations plays a significant role in the onset of the intermittency of a thermoacoustic *** on the dynamic analysis of the thermoacoustic system with the acoustic liner,this intermittency is caused by the influence of the flow field on the flame-acoustic ***,a low-order modeling method based on Van der Pol(VdP) oscillator with additive stochastic forcing is conducted to reproduce the evolving dynamics of the thermoacoustic *** the numerical cases demonstrated in this work are relatively simpler than those in a practical combustion system,the results are helpful for us to understand the effect of the acoustic liner and show the attractive potential to apply this device to suppress thermoacoustic instability.

关键词： thermoacoustic instability acoustic liner Large Eddy Simulation low-order modeling