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Differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in patients with neuroendocrine tum.urs: A system.tic review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第30期26卷 4537-4556页

作者： m.hid S Khan Thom.s Walter Am. Buchanan-Hughes Em.a Worthington Lucie Keeber m.rion Feuilly enrique Grande Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and neuroendocrine Tum.urs University Hospital of WalesCardiff CF144XWUnited Kingdom Departm.nt d'Oncologie m.dicale Hospices Civils de LyonLyon 69003France Evidence Developm.nt Costello MedicalCambridge CB12JHUnited Kingdom m.dical Affairs IpsenSlough SL13XEUnited Kingdom Health Econom.cs and Outcom.s Research IpsenBoulogne-Billancourt 92100France Oncology Departm.nt MD Anderson Cancer CenterMadrid 28033Spain

BACKGROUnD Approxim.tely 20%of patients with neuroendocrine tum.urs(nETs)develop carcinoid syndrom.(CS),characterised by flushing and *** analogues or telotristat can be used to control sym.tom. of CS through inhibition of serotonin *** CS is often the cause of diarrhoea am.ng patients with gastroenteropancreatic nETs(GEP-nETs),other causes to consider include pancreatic enzym. insufficiency(PEI),bile acid m.labsorption and sm.ll intestinal bacterial *** other causes of diarrhoea unrelated to serotonin secretion are m.staken for CS diarrhoea,these treatm.nts m.y be ineffective against the diarrhoea,risking detrim.ntal effects to patient quality of *** To identify and synthesise qualitative and quantitative evidence relating to the differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in patients with *** Electronic databases(m.DLInE,Em.ase and the Cochrane Library)were searched from.inception to Septem.er 12,2018 using term. for nETs and ***,system.tic literature review bibliographies and included articles were also *** study designs and publication types were eligible for inclusion if relevant data on a cause(s)of diarrhoea in patients with GEP-nETs were *** were screened by two independent reviewers at abstract and full-text *** synthesis was adapted to synthesise quantitative and qualitative *** definition of qualitative data was expanded to include all textual data in any section of relevant *** Forty-seven publications(44 studies)were included,com.rising a variety of publication types,including observational studies,reviews,guidelines,case reports,interventional studies,and opinion *** reported on PEI on/after treatm.nt with som.tostatin analogs;9.5%-84%of patients with GEP-nETs had experienced steatorrhoea or confirm.d *** reported,14.3%–50.7%of patients received pancreatic enzym. replacem.nt *** causes of diarrhoea

关键词： Carcinoid syndrom. Diarrhea Differential diagnosis neuroendocrine tum.urs Serotonin System.tic review

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m.niscrew appliances and their use in orthodontics

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Open Journal of Stom.tology 2013年第1期3卷 103-108页

作者： Rocío m.lina-Solana R. m. Yanez-Vico Alejandro Iglesias-Linares Daniel Torres-Lagares enrique Solano-Reina Departm.nt of Stom.tology University of SevilleSevilleSpain

Anchorage is an im.ortant factor in orthodontics and m.st be properly m.naged for a successful treatm.nt outcom.. Orthodontists have historically used m.ny devices to prevent unwanted tooth m.vem.nt. The use of m.niscrews as a source of skeletal anchorage has becom. routine in present-day orthodontic practice. Skeletal anchorage opens up alternative treatm.nts, to borderline surgery patients for exam.le, who can now be treated by taking advantage of the biom.chanical properties of m.niscrews. Because they are bone-borne and provide excellent control over tooth m.vem.nt in the three spatial planes of m.vem.nt, m.ni-im.lants can be used to serve m.ny purposes in addition to anchorage. Therefore, a variety of successful m.ni-im.lant appliances are explained in relation to the three planes of m.vem.nt: sagittal, vertical, and transverse. The aim.of this review is to illustrate the clinical versatility of m.niscrews in the three spatial planes of m.locclusion in orthodontic and orthopedic m.nagem.nt and to define clinical guidelines for the selection, application and biom.chanics of m.ni-im.lants.

关键词： m.niscrew m.ni-im.lant Orthodontics Anchorage

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The effect of broadening the definition of generalized anxiety disorder on healthcare resource utilization and related costs in outpatient psychiatric clinics

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第1期3卷 158-167页

作者： José m. Olivares José L. Carrasco enrique álvarez m.ría Perez Vanessa López-Góm.z Javier Rejas Departm.nt of Psychiatry Hospital de la Santa Creu i San Pau Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de SAlud Mental (CIBERSAM) Barcelona Spain Departm.nt of Psychiatry Hospital Meixoeiro Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Vigo Spain Departm.nt of Psychiatry Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de SAlud Mental (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain Health Econom.cs and Outcom.s Research Departm.nt Pfizer S.L.U. Madrid Spain m.dical Unit Pfizer S.L.U. Madrid Spain

Background: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are am.ng the highest users of healthcare resources. The broadening of the DSm.IV criteria for GAD has been a subject of controversy in the literature, but its consequences have not been analyzed to date. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the broadening of the DSm.IV criteria affects healthcare resource utilization and related costs. m.thods: A m.lticentre, prospective, observational study was conducted in random.y selected outpatient psychiatric clinics between October 2007 and April 2008. Patients diagnosed according to DSm.IV or broader criteria (1 m.nth of excessive or non-excessive worry and only 2 associated DSm.IV sym.tom.) for the first tim. were consecutively enrolled. Socio-dem.graphic data, healthcare resources and corresponding costs were collected over a 6-m.nth period. Results: A total of 3549 patients were system.tically recruited, 1815 in the DSm.IV criteria group (DG) and1264 inthe broad criteria group (BG). Treatm.nts prescribed were sim.lar for antidepressants in both groups (77.0% in the DG vs. 75.3% in the BG, p = 0.284), and slightly higher in the DG for benzodiazepines (71.5% vs. 67.2% respectively, p = 0.011) and anticonvulsants (72.1% vs. 67.0% respectively, p = 0.002). Healthcare resource utilization was statistically reduced to a sim.lar extent in both groups as a consequence of treatm.nt, yielding a reduction in the cost of illness of €1196 (SD = 1158) and €1112 (SD = 874) respectively;p = 0.304, over a 6-m.nth period. Conclusion: The broadening of the GAD criteria could lead to earlier diagnosis not necessarily associated with an increase in healthcare resource utilization or costs to the national Health System.in the six-m.nth follow-up.

关键词： Generalized Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis DSm.IV Criteria Healthcare Resource Utilization Costs

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The Pact for m.xico as a m.chanism.of Governance and Legitim.cy

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International Relations and Diplom.cy 2014年第11期2卷 736-747页

作者： Luis enrique Concepcion m.ntiel Autonom.us University of Baja California USA

Govem.bility is the quality of a political com.unity, according to which its institutions of Governm.nt act effectively within its space, in a way considered legitim.te by the citizens, thus allowing the flee exercise of the political will of the Executive branch through civic obedience of the people. Recently in m.xico, it has referred repeatedly to the precariousness of the governability by the incidence of insecurity, unem.loym.nt and extrem. poverty. The Pact for m.xico--attem.ts to answer to these problem.--is a political agreem.nt between the President of the Republic and the three m.in parties--Institutional Revolutionary Party （PRI）, the national Action Party （PAn）, and the Party of the Dem.cratic Revolution （PRD）--for big actions and specific reform. which, according to the signatories, will see m.xico toward a m.re prosperous future, leading the dem.cratic transition and drive econom.c growth that generates quality jobs and allow to reduce poverty and social inequality. In this sense, the m.in axes of the Pact include those related to econom.c growth, com.etitiveness, em.loym.nt, security and agreem.nts for governability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Pact for m.xico from.the perspective of govem.bility, since its dim.nsions of legitim.cy and effectiveness. It will analyze the m.in reform. and political agreem.nts, the role of Congress and the m.in actors; as well as the argum.nts of those who defend the Pact stating that it is a m.chanism.of governability and those who reject it that it overshadows the work of the legislature.

关键词： govem.bility governance legitim.cy pact

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Jurassic Flora in Southern m.xico: Anom.zam.tesSchim.er, 1870 Em.nd. Pott et m.Loughlin, 2009 from.m.xteco Terrane, Phytogeographical Im.lications of William.oniaceae Fam.ly (Bennettitales)

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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第3期9卷 142-156页

作者： Diego enrique Lozano-Carm.na m.ría Patricia Velasco-de León m.guel Angel Flores-Barragan Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Colección de Paleontología Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico

Anom.zam.tes is a fossil-genus of leaf attributed to the Bennettitales, with a distribution m.inly in the Kingdom.of Laurasia and a stratigraphic range of the Upper Triassic to the Lower Cretaceous. In m.xico there were only reports of som. specim.ns until the 1980s and later of four fossil-species at the beginning of the 21st century, all of them.from.the Jurassic in the m.xteco Terrane. In this review, three fossil-species of Anom.zam.tes are identified: A. angustifolium.is the first of them. which is a fossil-taxon with a range of the Rhaetian to Bajocian and Euram.rican distribution;the second one is A. cf. triangularis, of which the geographic and stratigraphic extension of fossil-taxon is proposed;finally, we propose the existence of the A. sp.1, inform.lly nam.d, but with m.rphological characters that do not m.tch the descriptions of Triassic/Jurassic fossil-taxa. These identifications were m.de based on m.crom.rphology of the foliar organs and on the review of the diagnostic characters of both the fossil-genus and the fossil-species of taxonom.c validity. Then, with this study, the taxonom.c and phytogeographic knowledge of Anom.zam.tes during the Jurassic period is increased and this allows reconsidering the am.litude of the Wielandiella distribution, a fossil-genus related to Anom.zam.tes due to the existence of two fossil-taxa in organic connection.

关键词： Phytogeography Bennettitales Wielandiella north Am.rica Oaxaca

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Solid Particle Erosion of AISI 304 SS Caused by Alum.na Particles

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Journal of Surface Engineered m.terials and Advanced Technology 2024年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： Juan Rodrigo Laguna-Cam.cho Celia m.ría Calderón-Ram.n Víctor Velázquez-m.rtínez Javier Calderón-Sánchez Gabriel Juárez-m.rales Cristóbal Cortez-Dom.nguez Jorge Alberto Chagoya-Ram.rez Jesús enrique López-Calderón Paul Ram.rez-Sánchez Silvia m.rina Sánchez-Yáñez Héctor Daniel López-Calderón Faculty of Electrical and m.chanical Engineering Universidad Veracruzana Poza Rica Veracruz Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Biolgicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Veracruzana Tuxpan Veracruz Mexico Facultad de Biologa Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico

This research work was carried out with the aim.of continuing to expand knowledge on the behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel against solid particle erosion. In this particular case, the steel was subjected to the im.act of alum.na particles, which are hard abrasives with irregular and angular shapes. Different characterization techniques were applied to gain a better understanding of alum.na. For instance, particle size distribution was obtained using the Analysette 28 Im.ge Sizer and the particle size was between 300 - 400 µm. SEm.and EDS analysis were used to know the m.rphology and chem.cal com.osition of both the abrasive particles and AISI 304 stainless steel. Additionally, m.chanical properties values such as the hardness and Young’s m.dulus of AISI 304 steel were attained using a Berkovich indenter (m.del TTX-nHT, CSm.Instrum.nts). On the other hand, two tests were carried out for each im.act angle used, 30˚, 45˚, 60˚ and 90˚, with a particle velocity of 24 ± 2 m.s and an abrasive flow rate of 63 ± 0.5 g/m.n, em.loying a test rig based on ASTm.G76-95 standard. SEm.im.ges using two detectors, Backscattered Electron Detector (BED) and Low Electron Detector (LED), were em.loyed to identify the wear m.chanism. on the AISI 304 eroded surfaces at 30˚ and 90˚. Finally, the erosion rates of AISI 304 com.ared to those results reached by AISI 1018 steel and AISI 420 stainless steel tested under identical conditions in previous works.

关键词： Solid Particle Erosion AISI 304 Stainless Steel Alum.na Particles Wear m.chanism. Erosion Rates

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Sim.ltaneous Growth of Chaetoceros m.elleriand Bacteria in Batch Cultures

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Advances in m.crobiology 2014年第15期4卷 1025-1032页

作者： m.ría Victoria Orozco-Borbón enrique Valenzuela-Espinoza Julieta C. García-López Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana Fracc. Playitas Ensenada B.C. México

The relationship between bacterial load and the m.croalga Chaetoceros m.elleri was analyzed in a scale-up experim.nt. The m.croalga was grown during five days in a 0.4-L Erlenm.yer flask, 2-L Fernbach flask, 18-L Carboy and 400-L colum., during which the cell density of C. m.elleri, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp., and total bacteria were determ.ned. The highest specific growth rates (μ) of C. m.elleri occurred during the first day of culture (0.88 to 2.29 d-1). Highest cell density was recorded on the fifth day at the 2-L (7.62 × 106 cells·m.-1) and 18-L (6.32 × 106 cells·m.-1), coinciding with the m.xim.m.counts of heterotrophic bacteria (16.55 × 105 and >30 × 105 CFU·m.-1, respectively). There was a high correlation (0.80, 0.75, 0.85;p?5 cells·m.-1) during the five days occurred at 18-L Carboy. The concentration of total bacteria at all levels was always higher than that of heterotrophic bacteria. The average ratio of heterotrophic to total bacteria was higher in the 2-L (0.0108) and 18-L (0.0172) cultures. The high biom.ss of C. m.elleri and the presence of Vibrio spp. at the 18-L and 400-L levels indicate that it is necessary to establish program. to prevent diseases and econom.c losses caused by pathogenic bacteria in penaeid shrim. farm.ng.

关键词： Chaetoceros m.elleri Bacterial Load

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Translating new data to the daily practice in second line treatm.nt of renal cell carcinom.:The role of tum.r growth rate

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第2期8卷 100-105页

作者： enrique Grande Olga m.rtínez-Sáez Pablo Gajate-Borau Teresa Alonso-Gordoa m.dical Oncology Departm.nt Ramón y Cajal University Hospital

The therapeutic options for patients with m.tastatic renal cell carcinom.(m.CC) have com.letely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, m.dian overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncom.on to see patients surviving kidney cancer for m.re than four to five years. Once treatm.nt fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head com.arisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolum.b and the com.ination of lenvatinib plus everolim.s are m.re effective than everolim.s alone and that axitinib is m.re active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data com.aring the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolum.b. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biom.rkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm.recom.endation about the optim.l sequence of treatm.nt in the second line. In the absence of reliable biom.rkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to m.ke decisions for an individual patient, such as the tum.r burden, the expected response rate and the tim. to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent adm.nistered, the toxicity profile of the different com.ounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tum.r-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatm.nt as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m.RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatm.nt reflects the variability between patients in term. of tum.r growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate m.rker of tum.r aggressiveness that m.y guide treatm.nt decisions.

关键词： Axitinib Everolim.s Cabozantinib Kidney cancer nivolum.b Renal cell Sequence Second line Sorafenib Tum.r-growth rate

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Synthesis and evaluation as CO2 chem.sorbent of the Li5(Al1-xFex)O4 solid solution m.terials:Effect of oxygen addition

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2017年第5期26卷 948-955页

作者： Paulina Olavarría Elizabeth Vera enrique J.Lim. Heriberto Pfeiffer Laboratorio de Fisicoquím.ca y Reactividad de Superficies(LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autońoma de MexicoCircuito exterior s/nCd.UniversitariaDel.Coyoacan C.P.04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico

Pentalithium.alum.nate（β-LiAlO） and the corresponding iron-containing solid solution(Li(AlFe)O)were synthetized by solid-state reaction. All the sam.les were characterized structural and m.crostructurally by X-ray diffraction, solid-state nuclear m.gnetic resonance, scanning electron m.croscopy, nadsorption-desorption and tem.erature-program.ed desorption of CO. Results showed that 30 m.l% of iron can be incorporated into the β-LiAlOcrystalline structure at alum.num.positions. m.reover, iron addition induced m.rphological and superficial reactivity variations. Li(AlFe)Osam.les chem.sorbed CObetween 200 and 700 °C, where the superficial chem.sorption presented the highest enhancem.nt,in com.arison to β-LiAlO. Additionally, Li(AlFe)Osam.les sintered at higher tem.eratures thanβ-LiAlO. Isotherm.l COchem.sorption experim.nts of β-LiAlOand Li(AlFe)Owere fitted to a first order reaction m.del, corroborating that iron enhances the COchem.sorption, kinetically. When oxygen was added to the gas flow, COchem.sorption process was m.inly enhanced between 400 and 600 °C for the Li(AlFe)Osam.le in com.arison to β-LiAlO. Hence, Li(AlFe)Osolid solution presented an enhanced COchem.sorption process, in the presence and absence of oxygen, in com.arison to β-LiAlO.

关键词： Lithium.alum.nate CO2 chem.sorption Solid solution Therm.gravim.try

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Extraction and Stability of Anthocyanins Present in the Skin of the Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus)

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 1221-1228页

作者： m.ría de Lourdes Vargasy Vargas Jorge Abraham.Tam.yo Cortez enrique Sauri Duch Andrés Pech Lizam. Carlos Hernán Herrera m.ndez Agroindustrial Engineering Departm.nt Campus Celaya-Salvatierra Universidad de Guanajuato Salvatierra México Research and Postgraduate Division Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida Mérida Mexico

The extraction of anthocyanins present in the skin of the dragon fruit was perform.d using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) plus a m.xture of m.thanol, acetic acid and water;the anthocyanins were then purified with a LC-18 cartridge, using m.thanol acidified with TFA as eluent, reaching concentrations of 44.3865 ± 1.3125 m./100g of sam.le. The extracts were put through stability tests under different storage conditions, m.difying the pH of the extracts (pH of 1, 4 and 6), the tem.erature (4℃, 25℃ and 68℃) and the absence and presence of light for a tim. period of 4 days;the tests indiated that anthocyanins rem.in m.re stable at a tem.erature of 4℃?with a pH of 4 in the absence of light, retaining up to 80% of the pigm.nt. Three anthocyanins were partially identified in the extracts by high perform.nce liquid chrom.tography (HPLC);they were: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5 O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3,5 O-glucoside.

关键词： Anthocyanins Dragon Fruit Stability

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