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External anal sphincter electromyography in multiple system atrophy:implications for diagnosis,clinical correlations,and novel insights into prognosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1903-1907页

作者： Massimiliano Todisco Giuseppe Cosentino enrico Alfonsi Translational Neurophysiology Research Unit IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly Movement Disorders Research Center IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of PaviaPaviaItaly

Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic,progressive,adult-onset,neurodegenerative disorder characte rized by autonomic dysfunction symptoms,parkinsonian features,and cerebellar signs in va rious combinations.An early diagnosis of multiple system atrophy is of utmost impo rtance for the proper prevention and management of its potentially fatal complications leading to the poor prognosis of these patients.The current diagnostic criteria incorporate several clinical red flags and magnetic resonance imaging marke rs supporting diagnosis of multiple system atrophy.Nonetheless,especially in the early disease stage,it can be challenging to differentiate multiple system atrophy from mimic disorders,in particular Parkinson’s disease.Electromyography of the external anal sphincter represents a useful neurophysiological tool for diffe rential diagnosis since it can provide indirect evidence of Onuf’s nucleus degeneration,which is a pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy.However,the diagnostic value of external anal sphincter electromyography has been a matter of debate for three decades due to controve rsial reports in the literature.In this review,after a brief ove rview of the electrophysiological methodology,we first aimed to critically analyze the available knowledge on the diagnostic role of external anal sphincter electromyography.We discussed the conflicting evidence on the clinical correlations of neurogenic abnormalities found at external anal sphincter electro myography.Finally,we repo rted recent prognostic findings of a novel classification of electromyography patterns of the external anal sphincter that could pave the way toward the implementation of this neurophysiological technique for survival prediction in patients with multiple system atrophy.

关键词： bowel dysfunction differential diagnosis dysautonomia electrophysiology multiple system atrophy Onuf’s nucleus degeneration parkinsonism Parkinson’s disease prognostic prediction urogenital symptoms

A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

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Railway Engineering Science 2023年第4期31卷 340-350页

作者： Alessio Cascino enrico Meli Andrea Rindi Department of Industrial Engineering University of FlorenceVia Santa Marta3Florence50139 FlorenceItaly

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible solution.Optimization processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this goal.In this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich structure.Bonded joint was used as a fastening system.The project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram platform.This preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated system.Objective of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the system.The effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body shell.In addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was observed.Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

关键词： Structural dynamic optimization Car body lightweight design Railway vehicle dynamics Railway car body engineering Railway vehicle design Composite materials

Imprinted membranes for sustainable separation processes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 775-792页

作者： Laura Donato enrico Drioli Research Institute on Membrane Technology CNR-ITMUniversity of Calabria87030 Rende(CS)Italy Department of Engineering and of the Environment University of Calabria87030 Rende(CS)Italy College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Centre of Excellence in Desalination Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

The rapid industrial growth and the necessity of recovering and recycling raw materials increased the interest in the production of highly selective and efficient separation tools.In this perspective,a relevant input was given by the membrane-based technology and the production of imprinted membranes,which possess specific recognition properties at molecular and ionic level,offers the possibility of developing sustainable and green processes.Furthermore,the integration of imprinted membranes with traditional or membrane-based approaches is a promising strategy in the logic of process intensification,which means the combination of different operations in a single apparatus.This work discusses the concept and separation mechanisms of imprinted membranes.Furthermore,it presents an overview of their application in organic solvent nanofiltration,for the removal of toxic agents and recovery solvent,as well as valuable compounds.The recent advances in water treatment,such as pesticide removal and recovery of metal ions,are also discussed.Finally,potential applications of imprinted membranes in hybrid processes are highlighted,and a look into the future of membrane separations for water treatment and recovery of critical raw materials is offered.

关键词： sustainable processes membrane separation molecular recognition imprinted membranes water treatment

Multiple aspects of the maternal reproductive investmentin a polytocous species:What do mothers really control?

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 136-142页

作者： Rudy Brogi Roberta Chirichella enrico Merli Marco Apollonio Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Sassarivia Roma 151I-07100 SassariItaly

One of the factors facilitating the expansion and proliferation of wild boar Sus scrofa is the plasticity of its reproductive biology.Nevertheless,the real influence of maternal and environmental factors on number and sex of the offspring is stll controversial.While the litter size was shown to be related with the maternal condition,the strength of this relation remains to be understood,together with the possible role played by environmental conditions.Analogously,it is unclear whether wild boar females can adjust their offspring sex.We investigated multiple aspects of wild boar maternal investment by means of a 10-year dataset of female reproductive traits and a set of biologically meaningful environmental variables.The maternal condition slightly affected the litter size but not the offspring sex,and environment did not affect the litter size or the offspring sex.Moreover,mothers did not cope with the higher costs entailed by producing sons by placing them in the most advantageous intrauterine position,nor by allocating less resources on daughters.Our set of results showed that the female reproductive investment is quite rigid in comparison with other aspects of wild boar reproductive biology.Wild boar females seem to adopt a typical rstrategy,producing constantly large litters and allocating resources on both sexes regardless of internal and external conditions.Such strategy may be adaptive to cope with environmental unpredictability and an intense human harvest,contributing to explain the extreme success of wild boar within human-dominated landscapes.

关键词： investment life history litter size reproduction sex allocation wild boar

A snapshot into the future of image-guided surgery for renal cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第3期9卷 201-203页

作者： enrico Checcucci Gabriele Volpi Department of Surgery Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPOIRCCSCandioloTurinItaly Department of OncologyDivision of UrologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly Uro-technology and SoMe Working Group of the Young Academic Urologists(YAU)Working Party of the European Association of Urology(EAU) Arnhemthe Netherlands Daniele Amparore Department of Oncology Division of UrologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly Renal Cancer Working Group of the Young Academic Urologists(YAU)Working Party of the European Association of Urology(EAU) Arnhemthe Netherlands Francesco Porpiglia Department of Oncology Division of UrologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)is certainly one of the most fascinating and complex urological procedures.This is ascribable to its vast heterogeneity from one case to another,related to patient’s anatomical variability and tumour’s characteristics.Over the last years,with the aim to assist the surgeons in handling ever more difficult lesions(totally endophytic or large volume[1,2])suitable for RAPN,several technologies were proposed and tested,from preoperative planning to intraoperative assistance or navigation[3].

关键词： image surgery totally

Surroundings affect slip length dynamics in nanoscale friction through contact stiffness and damping

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Friction 2023年第2期11卷 216-227页

作者： Simona SKURATOVSKY Liron AGMON enrico GNECCO Ronen BERKOVICH Department of Chemical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Jagiellonian UniversityLojasiewicza 11Krakow 30-348Poland Ilze Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel

Friction force microscopy (FFM) explores the interaction in a sliding contact on the nanoscale, providing information on the frictional dynamics and lateral contact stiffness with lattice resolution. Recent FFM measurements on a NaCl crystal immersed in liquid (ethanol) surroundings displayed an increase of the effective contact stiffness, K_(eff), with the applied load, differently from similar measurements performed under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, where K_(eff) showed negligible load dependency. Additionally, under UHV conditions multiple slip length friction with increasing load was reported, while in ethanol surroundings only single (lattice unit length) slips were observed. Our current understanding of this behavior relates the transition from single jumps to multiple jumps dynamics to the normal load (manifested through the amplitude of the interaction potential at the contact, U0) and to the damping of the system. Here we have incorporated the effect of the load dependency on both U0 and K_(eff) within Prandtl‒Tomlinson based simulations, accompanied by variations in the damping coefficient of the system. Introducing the experimentally observed load dependency to K_(eff) resulted indeed in single slip jumps at critical damping, while multiple slip jumps were obtained at constant K_(eff). The average slip length increased with the normal load, particularly when the system became underdamped. Our work provides a glimpse on the relation between the characteristic observables in atomic-scale sliding friction (maximal slip forces, stiffness, and slip dynamics) with respect to their governing parameters (corrugation energy, effective stiffness, and damping). While common understanding in nanotribology relates the effect of surrounding media mainly to the interaction potential at the contact, here we show that the media can also greatly affect the elastic interaction, and consequently play an important role on the transition from single to multiple stick-slip.

关键词： friction force microscopy(FFM) nanoscale friction multiple jumps Prandtl‒Tomlinson model effective stiffness damping

Proof of concept of a self-tightening needle-less suture using a NiTi shapememory alloy

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生物设计与制造(英文) 2023年第5期6卷 536-549页

作者： Adelaide Nespoli Davide Ninarello enrico Bassani Villiam Dallolio Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy National Research Council(CNR-ICMATE)23900 LeccoItaly Promev Srl 23900 LeccoItaly

Among surgical procedures,suturing is considered simple.However,in some situations,suturing is not easy or feasible.Here,we present proof of concept of a new self-tightening needle-less suture made of a NiTi alloy.The new device is designed to overcome two demanding steps of traditional suturing:needle introduction and manual knotting.Our novel suture is composed only of a short NiTi wire that is able to change shape by exploiting a thermoelastic phase transition.This shape change is achieved by increasing the temperature from that of the operating room(e.g.,20-22℃)to 32℃using warm water.Suturing consists of two steps:suture introduction,in which the suture is in an open configuration,and shape recovery(i.e.,closed configuration).The closed configuration is maintained at human body temperature thanks to peculiar pseudoelastic properties of the NiTi material.Finally,thermal and functional characterization verified the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed device.

关键词： Suture NiTi Shape memoryalloys Suturing Medical device

The application of reinforcement learning to NATM tunnel design

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Underground Space 2022年第6期7卷 990-1002页

作者： enrico Soranzo Carlotta Guardiani Wei Wu University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Feistmantelstraße 4Vienna 1180Austria

The New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NATM)tunnel design is performed by testing support classes against the geological profile.We propose to replace this manual process with reinforcement learning,a generic framework within the realm of artificial intelligence that solves control tasks.Previous studies have demonstrated this possibility,albeit with methodological simplifications.We coupled the Finite Difference Method with a Python script,used the output of the first to train the machine learning model implemented in the latter and improved the choice of the support classes.Through benchmark tests,we demonstrated that our method was capable of choosing the optimal support classes for various geological sets and showed the relation between its performance and the number of training episodes.

关键词： Deep Q-Network NATM Reinforcement learning Support classes Tunnelling

Integrated fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a flexible regional aircraft

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第3期35卷 390-399页

作者： Yishi LIU Sheng HONG enrico ZIO Jianwei LIU School of Cyber Science and Technology Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Energy Politecnico di MilanoMilano 20133Italy MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityCRCSophia Antipolis 06904France Eminent Scholar Department of Nuclear EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447South Korea

The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft.A novel integrated adaptive output feedback scheme is investigated to address the actuator faults.The real-time fault values provided by the fault estimation module are considered in the reconfigurable control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability.The estimate values of faults and control gains are calculated by analyzing the stability of the overall system.The proposed controller is simulated using a flexible aircraft model with a discrete‘1-cosine’gust,and the results show that it can effectively mitigate the wing root moments and recover the flight maneuver stability after the aircraft suffered from gusts.

关键词： Adaptive control Fault estimation Fault-tolerant control Flexible aircraft Gust load Integrated strategy