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Differential modulation of crown allometry and stem growth at gap edges in five European tree species by drought conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 618-631页

作者： Luke Bohnhorst Peter Biber Torben Hilmers enno Uhl Hans Pretzsch Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Bavarian State Institute of Forestry Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 185354FreisingGermany

Background In Central Europe,forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances,resulting in an increasing gap formation in the *** order to support goal-oriented management,more knowledge is required about the acclimation of the crown and its effects on the basal area growth of trees at the edge of a *** This work compared trees'growth and crown structure at the edge of a transient gap,with a gap size of more than 80m^(2),with trees in the stand that were at least 30m away from the gap.A total of 249 European beeches(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruces(Picea abies ***),Scots pines(Pinus sylvestris L.),oaks(Quercus spp.;Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.,Quercus robur L.),and silver firs(Abies alba Mill.)were examined on long-term experimental plots in southern *** crown measures were developed and calculated using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning(TLiDAR)to capture the three-dimensional crown *** responses to edge conditions were measured based on tree *** linear mixed models,we predict the basal area increment of edge trees relative to trees in the stand under wet and dry soil moisture conditions after the gap *** We identified i)species-specific acclimation of the crown of edge trees after the gap formation,ii)under wet soil moisture conditions a growth increase of 25%–45%for beech,pine,and oak edge trees and growth losses of 5%–60%for spruce and fir and iii)coniferous tree species benefited from the edge position regarding their basal area increment under dry soil moisture conditions and deciduous tree species grew regardless of the soil moisture conditions at the edge of a *** Gaps have a species-specific effect on the habitus and growth of edge trees and can have both positive and negative impacts on silviculture.

关键词： Canopy gaps Disturbance Growth TLiDAR Drought stress Crown structure Acclimation

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Resilience in Agriculture: Communication and Energy Infrastructure Dependencies of German Farmers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 214-229页

作者： Franz Kuntke Sebastian Linsner enno steinb.ink Jonas Franken Christian Reuter Science and Technology for Peace and Security(PEASEC) Technical University of Darmstadt64289 Darmstadt.HesseGermany

Agriculture is subject to high demands regarding resilience as it is an essential component of the food production chain. In the agricultural sector, there is an increasing usage of digital tools that rely on communication and energy infrastructures. Should disruption occur,such strengthened dependencies on other infrastructures increase the probability of ripple effects. Thus, there is a need to analyze the resilience of the agricultural sector with a specific focus on the effects of digitalization. This study works out resilience capacities of the interconnected technologies used in farm systems based on the experiences and opinions of farmers. Information was gathered through focus group interviews with farmers(N = 52) and a survey with participants from the agricultural sector(N =118). In particular, the focus is put on the digital tools and other information and communication technologies they use. Based on a definition of resilience capacities, we evaluate resilience regarding energy and communication demands in various types of farm systems. Especially important are the resilience aspects of modern systems’ digital communication as well as the poorly developed and nonresilient network infrastructure in rural areas that contrast with the claim for a resilient agriculture. The result is a low robustness capacity, as our analysis concludes with the risk of food production losses.

关键词： Digitalization of agriculture Germany Infrastructure failures Resilience capacities

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Effects of the urban heat island and climate change on the growth of Khaya senegalensis in Hanoi,Vietnam

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 516-529页

作者： Astrid Moser-Reischl enno Uhl Thomas Rotzer Peter Biber Tran van Con Nguyen Thanh Tan Hans Pretzsch Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science Center of Life and Food Sciences WelhenstephanTechnical University MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Dong Ngac CommuneTu Liem DistrictHanoiVietnam Tay Nguyen University 567 Le Duan StreeBuon Ma Thuot CityDak La ProvinceVietnam

Background: Recent projections expect that Vietnam will be affected most severely by climate change with higher temperatures, more precipitation and rising sea levels. Especially increased temperatures will worsen the situations in cities, amplifying the urban heat island effect. Green infrastructures, i.e. urban trees are a common rtool to improve the urban micro-climate for humans. Vital and well growing trees provide greatest benefits such as evaporative cooling, shading, air filtering and carbon storage. However, urban tree growth is often negatively affected by urban growing conditions such as high soil sealing with compacted tree pits providing small growing spaces with limited water, nutrient and oxygen supply, further warm temperatures and high pollution emissions. This study analyzed the growth of urban and rural African mahogany(Khaya senegalensis(Desr.) A. Juss.) trees in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam and the effects of the surrounding climate conditions on tree ***: The results showed that rural African mahogany trees grew better than trees situated in the city center, which is contrary to other results on tree growth of temperate and subtropical cities worldwide. Moreover tree growth was similar regardless of the time of growth. Other results regarding stem growth of African mahogany located in different areas of Hanoi(east, west, north, city center) revealed a better growth in the northern and western outskirts of the city compared to the growth of trees in the city ***: African mahogany trees in the urban centers of Hanoi showed a decreased growth compared to rural trees,which was likely induced by a low ground-water level and high pollution rates. In view of climate change and global warming, the decreased tree growth in the city center may also affect tree service provision such as shading and cooling. Those climate mitigation solutions are strongly needed in areas severely affected by climate change and global warming such as

关键词： African mahogany Dendrochronology Ecosystem services Urban tree growth

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Deep-learning classifier with ultrawide-field fundus ophthalmoscopy for detecting branch retinal vein occlusion

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 94-99页

作者： Daisuke Nagasato Hitoshi Tabuchi Hideharu Ohsugi Hiroki Masumoto Hiroki enno Naofumi Ishitobi Tomoaki Sonobe Masahiro Kameoka Masanori Niki Yoshinori Mitamura Department of Ophthalmology Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital Rist Inc Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate School

AIM: To investigate and compare the efficacy of two machine-learning technologies with deep-learning(DL) and support vector machine(SVM) for the detection of branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO) using ultrawide-field fundus images. METHODS: This study included 237 images from 236 patients with BRVO with a mean±standard deviation of age 66.3±10.6 y and 229 images from 176 non-BRVO healthy subjects with a mean age of 64.9±9.4 y. Training was conducted using a deep convolutional neural network using ultrawide-field fundus images to construct the DL model. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and area under the curve(AUC) were calculated to compare the diagnostic abilities of the DL and SVM models. RESULTS: For the DL model, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and AUC for diagnosing BRVO was 94.0%(95%CI: 93.8%-98.8%), 97.0%(95%CI: 89.7%-96.4%), 96.5%(95%CI: 94.3%-98.7%), 93.2%(95%CI: 90.5%-96.0%) and 0.976(95%CI: 0.960-0.993), respectively. In contrast, for the SVM model, these values were 80.5%(95%CI: 77.8%-87.9%), 84.3%(95%CI: 75.8%-86.1%), 83.5%(95%CI: 78.4%-88.6%), 75.2%(95%CI: 72.1%-78.3%) and 0.857(95%CI: 0.811-0.903), respectively. The DL model outperformed the SVM model in all the aforementioned parameters(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the combination of the DL model and ultrawide-field fundus ophthalmoscopy may distinguish between healthy and BRVO eyes with a high level of accuracy. The proposed combination may be used for automatically diagnosing BRVO in patients residing in remote areas lacking access to an ophthalmic medical center.

关键词： automatic diagnosis branch retinal vein occlusion deep learning machine-learning technology ultrawide-field fundus ophthalmoscopy

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应用计算语言学方法对“一带一路”倡议进行语料库分析例

应用计算语言学方法对“一带一路”倡议进行语料库分析例

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作者： enno Bettinga 北京外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

2013年9月,中华人民共和国主席习近平首次提出了“一带一路”倡议,这是全球最大的基础设施和贸易项目,涉及119个国家,覆盖率约占全世界人口的60%,其计划到2050年实施7000个基础设施项目。“一带一路”倡议的目的是通过创建和连接基础设... 详细信息

2013年9月,中华人民共和国主席习近平首次提出了“一带一路”倡议,这是全球最大的基础设施和贸易项目,涉及119个国家,覆盖率约占全世界人口的60%,其计划到2050年实施7000个基础设施项目。“一带一路”倡议的目的是通过创建和连接基础设施、贸易、金融和政治等方面,建立一个新的国际合作平台,因此也致力于加强世界各地人民之间的文化交流。从中国提出“一带一路”倡议以后,在世界范围内,人们对这个基础设施项目既有善意的看法,也有怀疑的态度,西方媒体和政府圈子尤其对该倡议进行了有争议的讨论。有一种观点认为,中华人民共和国近几十年来的迅速崛起并不代表机会,而是一种威胁,实施一带一路代表着中国在全球范围内的权力诉求,其目的是重新规划中亚和欧洲的权力平衡,使之有利于中国,这种观点和声音在政治层面上越来越强。因此,延伸至欧洲和德国的“金砖”基础设施项目也成为德国联邦议院辩论的一个话题。德国联邦议院作为德意志联邦共和国的宪法机构,在会议上处理立法、动议和与政府有关的程序,并就金融、安全和能源政策等领域的外交和国内政策进行辩论。自1949年以来,议会辩论的过程由联邦政府速记处记录,并写成演讲稿,世界公众可以在联邦议院网站的在线档案中查阅。这些会议记录是对会议进程的真实的再现,也被视为“国家的记忆”,近几年和近几十年的政治事件、政治讨论和辩论因此也提供了一个从语言和文化的角度通过时间线观察相应变化的机会。本论文的目的和宗旨是,通过计算机语言学程序,从语言的使用方面分析联邦议院关于“一带一路”倡议的会议和辩论内容。从而确定哪些关于中国和一带一路基础设施项目的话题在联邦议院中被实际辩论,以及中国和BRI在哪些背景下被带入。为此,我们将首先界定有关金砖国际议题的相关关键词,并确定缩小语料库的时间框架,即以金砖国际的宣布日期为基础。在这些划定标准和联邦议院的议会材料文件和信息系统(DIP)的帮助下,从联邦议院档案馆的网站上自动下载预选的相关数据,从而建立一个初步的文件语料库。为了对语料库进行分析,本论文首先对数据进行筛选,然后在一个程序中进行处理和清理。文本文件被转换为机器可读的数据,数据清理所需的程序是用Python编程语言独立编写的,以便能够在某些情况下使清理过程适应语料库的具体条件。为此,文本数据被读入SpaCy并进行处理。在WordCloud的帮助下,整个语料库被可视化。在SpaCy的帮助下,文本数据被处理成两个主要的数据清理程序。首先,检查文本中的停顿词和错误的元素。为了做到这一点,文本被分类,并被归入文件类型和文档类型等。将语料库中特定的停顿词和与格式有关的元素清理出来后,再对这些词进行词组化处理。本论文用于处理语料库的方法是定量-定性的内容分析。由于语料库中的数据量很大,首先使用定量的数据分析方法。之后再进行定性分析,分析其中的基本含义。由于文本不是中立和客观的肯定,而是以目的和目标为导向,所以用定量方法获得的数据要在其背景下进行分析。对清理过的文本数据从定量分析过渡到定性分析,要借助于话题建模的机器处理方法。工作中使用的话题建模的概率模型是Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA),这是一个生成和统计概率模型。LDA假设每个文档中的词是由几个潜在的主题组合产生的,主题和词的选择由一组参数决定,这些参数决定了主题和词的整体分布。一旦主题和词的分布被估计出来,LDA就可以用来根据文件中每个主题的概率将每个文件分配给一个或多个主题。这带来的潜在内容可以回答文本分析的“为什么”问题,使定性内容分析成为可能。由于数据量大,近距离阅读的方法对于定性的内容分析是不可行的,用远距离阅读的方法(这里指:主题建模)对数据进行明确的解释也不可行。混合阅读是远距离阅读和近距离阅读相结合,它提供了通过参考有代表性的单个文本来充分分析主题,并将其置于一个整体背景中的机会。在语境的帮助下,通过主题建模确定的最重要的术语被归入类别和主题领域。对文本中与语境相关的方面的研究形成了对话题的解释和整体语境中的分类,这使得与科学理论的联系和桥梁成为可能,从而完成了论文的分析部分。本论文的分析结果是,通过话题组,可以发现联邦议院的论证倾向贯穿整个语料库。定性分析显示,与预期相反,最普遍的词汇并不包括“中国”或”一带一路倡议”等词汇,从字面上看并没有提到中国和金砖国家。相反,在对待中国方面,显然存在着两极分化,一方面认为中国因其在中亚和非洲的参与而成为一种威胁和负面因素,另一方面又认为她是保护德国商业利益的重要合作伙伴。反对该项目(东盟)和对中国价值观的反复批评贬低了中国做出的承诺,对自己的投资项目带来了便利。相反的是,比如经合组织(OECD)对“一带一路”倡议的积极评价。

关键词：一带一路话题建模 SpaCy 语料库计算机语言学

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Analysing the effect of stand density and site conditions on structure and growth of oak species using Nelder trials along an environmental gradient:experimental design,evaluation methods,and results

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 243-261页

作者： enno Uhl Peter Biber Matthias Ulbricht Michael Heym Tamás Horváth Ferenc Lakatos Janós Gál Leonhard Steinacker Giustino Tonon Maurizio Ventura Hans Pretzsch School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universitaet Muenchen University of West Hungary Faculty of Forestry Faculty of Science and Technology Freie Universitat Bozen

Background: Most current approaches in forest science and practice require information about structure and growth of individual trees rather than- or in addition to- sum and mean values of growth and yield at forest stand level as provided by classic experimental designs. By inventing the wheel design, Nelder provided the possibility to turn to the individual tree as basic information unit. Such trials provide valuable insights into the dependency of growth on stand density at particular ***: Here, we present an extension of the original design and evaluation by Nelder.(i) We established Nelder wheels along an environmental gradient through Europe in atlantic climate in Belgium and Germany, Mediterranean climate in Italy, continental climate in Hungary as well as on high land climate in Mexico. Such disjunct Nelder wheels along an environmental gradient can be regarded and analysed as a two-factor design with the factors of site condition and stand density.(ii) We present an advanced statistical approach to evaluate density dependent growth dynamics of trees planted in form of the Nelder design, which considers spatio-temporal autocorrelation.(iii)We prove the usefulness of the methods in improving ecological theory concerning density related productivity,trade-offs between facilitation and competition, and allometric relations between size ***: First evaluations based on remeasured Nelder wheels in oak(Quercus robur L.) show a size growth differentiation during the first observation period. In particular, height growth is accelerated under higher competition indicating facilitation effects. We detect furthermore a high variability in allometric ***: The proposed design, methods, and results are discussed regarding their impact on forest practice,model building, and ecological theory. We conclude that the extended Nelder approach is highly efficient in providing currently lacking individual tree level information.

关键词： Facilitation Long-term trial Nelder Single tree analyses Space use efficiency Stress-gradient-hypothesis Tree allometry Quercus

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An Approach for Cost-Efficient Grid Integration of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources

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Engineering 2015年第4期1卷 447-452页

作者： Till Luhmann enno Wieben Riccardo Treydel Michael Stadler Thomas Kumm BTC Business Technology Consulting AG EWE NETZ GmbH

We describe a specific approach to capacity man a ge ment for distribution grids. Based on simulations, it has been found that by curtailing a maximum of 5% of the yearly energy production on a per-generator basis, distribution grid connection capacity can be doubled. We also present the setting and fi rst results of a fi eld test for validating the approach in a rural distribution grid in northern Germany.

关键词： grid capacity management 5% approach renewable energy sources electricity distribution grid

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GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of human salivary histatin 1

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第3期14卷 334-348页

作者： Dandan Ma Wei Sun Cuicui Fu Kamran Nazmi enno C.I.Veerman Richard T.Jaspers Jan G.M.Bolscher Floris J.Bikker Gang Wu Department of Oral Biochemistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands School of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina Laboratory for Myology Department of Human Movement SciencesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesAmsterdam Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Oral Cell Biology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamNetherlands

Human salivary histatin 1(Hst1)exhibits a series of cell-activating properties,such as promoting cell spreading,migration,and metabolic *** recently have shown that fluorescently labeled Hst1(F-Hst1)targets and activates mitochondria,presenting an important molecular ***,its regulating signaling pathways remain to be *** investigated the influence of specific inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptors(GPCR),endocytosis pathways,extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)signaling,p38 signaling,mitochondrial respiration and Na+/K+-ATPase activity on the uptake,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of *** performed a si RNA knockdown(KD)to assess the effect of Sigma-2 receptor(S2R)/Transmembrane Protein 97(TMEM97)—a recently identified target protein of *** also adopted live cell imaging to monitor the whole intracellular trafficking process of *** results showed that the inhibition of cellular respiration hindered the internalization of *** inhibitors of GPCR,ERK1/2,phagocytosis,and clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)as well as siRNA KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly reduced the uptake,which was accompanied by the nullification of the promoting effect of F-Hst1 on cell metabolic *** the inhibitor of CME and KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly compromised the mitochondria-targeting of *** further showed the intracellular trafficking and targeting process of F-Hst1,in which early endosome plays an important ***,phagocytosis,CME,GPCR,ERK signaling,and S2R/TMEM97 are involved in the internalization of Hst1,while only CME and S2R/TMEM97 are critical for its subcellular *** inhibition of either internalization or mitochondria-targeting of Hst1 could significantly compromise its mitochondria-activating property.

关键词： GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization mitochondria-targeting and activating properties of human salivary histatin 1 ERK

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INSOMNIA TREATED WITH AURICULAR-PLASTER THERAPY IN 218 CASES

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1994年第1期4卷 32-33,5页

作者： Zhang Xiaof enno. 181 Hospital of PLA, Guilin 541002, China

218 cases of insomnia were treated by auricular plaster therapy with seeds of Vaccaria segetalis. The auricular points Heart, Shenmen, Occiput and Brain were selected. The resultsshowed that 136 cases were cured, 76 markedly impr0ved and 6 no effect. The effect of this therapywas significantly better than that of medication (P<0. 01) in comparison with the application of western medicine.

关键词： Auricular plaster therapy Insomnia Ear acupoints

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Effects of Climate and the Urban Heat Island Effect on Urban Tree Growth in Houston

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Open Journal of Forestry 2017年第4期7卷 428-445页

作者： Astrid Moser enno Uhl Thomas Rotzer Peter Biber Jens Dahlhausen Barry Lefer Hans Pretzsch Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science Center of Life and Food Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany NASA Headquarters Earth Science DivisionWashington DCUSA

The growing conditions of urban trees differ substantially from forest sites and are mainly characterized by small planting pits with less water, nutrient and aeration availability, high temperatures and radiation inputs as well as pollution and soil compaction. Especially, global warming can amplify the negative effects of urban microclimates on tree growth, health and well-being of citizens. To quantify the growth of urban trees influenced by the urban climate, ten urban tree species in four climate zones were assessed in an overarching worldwide dendrochronological study. The focus of this analysis was the species water oak (Quercus nigra L.) in Houston, Texas, USA. Similar to the overall growth trend, we found in urban trees, water oaks displayed an accelerated growth during the last decades. Moreover, water oaks in the city center grew better than the water oaks growing in the rural surroundings of Houston, though this trend was reversed with high age. Growth habitat (urban, suburban, rural and forest) significantly affected tree growth (p < 0.001) with urban trees growing faster than rural growing trees and forest trees, though a younger age of urban trees might influence the found growth patterns. Growing site in terms of cardinal direction did not markedly influence tree growth, which was more influenced by the prevalent climatic conditions of Houston and the urban climate. Higher temperatures, an extended growing season and eutrophication can cause an accelerated growth of trees in urban regions across, across all climatic zones. However, an accelerated growth rate can have negative consequences like quicker ageing and tree death resulting in higher costs for new plantings and tree management as well as the decrease in ecosystem services due to a lack of old trees providing greatest benefits for mitigating the negative effects of the urban climate.

关键词： Climate Change Growth Trends Heat Island Effect Quercus nigra Tree Ring Analyses

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