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Heavy Metal Dispersion in Stream Sediments in River Iyiudene, Abakaliki South-Eastern Nigeria: Source, Distribution Pattern, and Contamination Assessment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第7期10卷 48-69页

作者： Emmanuel U. Nwazue Erepamo J. Omietimi eniye mienye Osayamen J. Imarhiagbe Olumide A. Adeosun Paulinus N. Nnabo Department of Geology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Bayelsa state Polytechnic Aleibiri Ekeremor Nigeria Division of Earth Sciences and Geography RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

River Iyiudene is a vital distributary resource in Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria and conveys an abundant amount of sediments to provincial and residual ecosystems. Although the importance of the river cannot be overemphasized, the geochemistry of its stream sediments is less investigated. Twenty (20) stream sediment samples were taken at the centre of the river channels to represent the entire drainage area well and avoid collapsed bank materials. The stream sediment samples were used to determine the dispersion, contamination status and sources of heavy metal concentrations. Total elemental digestion accompanied this with the use of aqua regia, an admixture of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Nitric acid (HNO3) in the ratio of 3:1 using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The heavy metal concentration levels in River Iyiudene were low compared with sediments from Imo River, Gulf of California, Upper continental crust, Average shale and surface horizons, excluding Cd, which showed high concentration levels than the other reference studies. The results delineated a wide contrast in the concentration levels of the heavy metals, with the mean contents in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > As. The pollution evaluation utilizing the Effect range low (ERL), Effect range median (ERM), single pollution index, and geo-accumulation index revealed Cd contamination. This study indicates that the heavy metals were sourced from the natural geological background of the river basin and possibly from agricultural runoff and atmospheric pollutants.

关键词： Benue Trough Heavy Metals Contamination Stream Sediments Single Pollution Index Correlation Matrix

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