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Topology optimization based on reduction methods with applications to multiscale design and additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期15卷 151-165页

作者： emmanuel TROMME Atsushi KAWAMOTO James KGUEST Department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing offer now the capability to control material placement at unprecedented length scales and thereby dramatically open up the design *** includes the considerations of new component topologies as well as the architecture of material within a topology offering new paths to creating lighter and more efficient *** optimization is an ideal tool for navigating this multiscale design problem and leveraging the capabilities of advanced manufacturing ***,the resulting design problem is computationally challenging as very fine discretizations are needed to capture all micro-structural *** this paper,a method based on reduction techniques is proposed to perform efficiently topology optimization at multiple *** method solves the design problem without length scale separation,i.e.,without iterating between the two ***,connectivity between space-varying micro-structures is naturally *** design problems for various types of micro-structural periodicity are performed to illustrate the method,including applications to infill patterns in additive manufacturing.

关键词： multiscale topology optimization micro-structure additive manufacturing reduction techniques substructuring static condensation super-element

Chemotherapy and its evolving role in the management of advanced prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 334-340页

作者： Michael T Schweizer emmanuel S Antonarakis Prostate Cancer Research Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland USA

Advanced prostate cancer has been recognized as being responsive to androgen deprivation since the 1940s when Charles Huggins first described the role of surgical castration in managing these patients. However, androgen deprivation only results in transient disease control for the vast majority of men, with those progressing in spite of castrate testosterone levels labeled as having castrate-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. Until 2004, the therapeutic arena for these patients had remained stagnant, with no agent having shown a survival gain in the CRPC setting. Two landmark publications changed the prostate cancer treatment landscape by providing ＇level-1 evidence＇ that docetaxel-based chemotherapy led to prolongation in overall survival （OS）. This was followed by the approval of cabazitaxel in 2010 on the basis of Phase III data demonstrating its efficacy in patients pretreated with docetaxel. More recently, a number of next-generation androgen-directed agents （e.g. abiraterone and enzalutamide） have also been shown to lead to a survival benefit in men with CRPC. With so many new treatment options available, a number of questions remain. These include： how to best sequence chemotherapy with these newer hormonal agents, the clinical implication of cross-resistance between taxanes and androgen-directed agents and which subsets of patients may benefit most from early use of chemotherapy. This review will provide an overview of the evolving role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced prostate cancer in the current era.

关键词： cabazitaxel chemotherapy cyclophosphamide docetaxel mitoxantrone prostate cancer taxanes

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1438-1450页

作者： emmanuel Oluwabukunmi Alagbe Hagen Schulze Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Livalta PeterboroughCambridgeshire PE26FLUK

Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry *** study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler *** From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking *** d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental *** of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge *** resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of *** coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral *** Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and *** coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal *** was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β ***,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of *** catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d *** ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler *** ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d *** Dietary ETY enha

关键词： Broiler chickens Coccidia Goblet cells Growth performance Health Oocyst Peptides Postbiotics Yeast

Magnetic properties indicate the sources of hadal sediments in the Yap Trench,northwest Pacific Ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 665-678页

作者： CHEN Yu YANG Jichao DADA olusegun A YANG Yaomin LIN Zhen CUI Zhen XU Yue YU Hongjun LIU Baohua Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of ScienceSanya 572000China National Deep Sea Center Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)Qingdao 266237China Dept.of Marine Science&Technology Federal University of TechnologyAkure 340252Nigeria University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China

Magnetic minerals in marine sediments are often masked by the primary natural remanent magnetization and material source *** order to understand sedimentary environment and sources of sediments in the abyss,we studied 126 samples of five bottom surface cores collected by the Jiaolong Submersible at 4000-7000 m in depth during the third stage of the China's 38th Ocean *** magnetic properties of the sediments were analyzed using Thermosusceptibility(k-T)curves and Day *** results show that the magnetic minerals in the sediments of the Yap Trench are mainly maghemite,and the overall magnetic and soft magnetic properties were *** magnetic particles of sediments are dominated by pseudo single domains(PSD)*** main source of sediment is locally-derived basalt debris and volcanic debris,and the process of sedimentation is gravity-like flow deposition.

关键词： magnetic property material resource hadal sediment Yap Trench

Assessment of traffic performance measures and safety based on driver age and experience:A microsimulation based analysis for an unsignalized T-intersection

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 455-469页

作者： Mehmet Baran Ulak Eren Erman Ozguven Ren Moses Thobias Sando Walter Boot Yassir AbdelRazig John olusegun Sobanjo Department of Civil and Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310 USA School of Engineering College of Computing Engineering and Construction University of North Florida Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

Traffic safety and performance measures such as crash risk and queue lengths or travel times are influenced by several important factors including those related to environment,human,and roadway design,especially at *** research has studied different aspects related to these factors,yet these characteristics are not fully investigated with a focus on age and experience of *** this paper,we investigate this issue by using a two-phase approach via a case study application on a critical T-intersection in the City of Tallahassee,*** first phase includes a scenario-based microsimulation analysis through the use of a microscopic simulation software,namely VISSIM,to illustrate the variations in traffic performance measures with respect to driver compositions of different age groups in the traffic stream.A variety of scenarios is created where the driving characteristics are provided as inputs to these scenarios in terms of decision making and risk *** is also supported by a sensitivity analysis conducted based on the driver composition in the *** second phase includes the analysis of microsimulation outputs via a tool developed by Federal Highway Administration tool,namely the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM),in order to determine the traffic conflicts that occur in each *** conflicts are also compared with real-life crash data for validation *** show that(a) the differences in risk perception that affect driving behavior might be significant in influencing traffic safety and performance measures,and(b) the proposed approach is considerably successful in simulating the actual crash conflict points.

关键词： Traffic safety Driver age and experience Traffic performance Microsimulation VISSIM T-intersections

Prevalence and predictors of smoking in a mining town in Kitwe, Zambia: A 2011 population-based survey

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Health 2013年第6期5卷 1021-1025页

作者： Cosmas Zyaambo olusegun Babaniyi Peter Songolo Adamson S. Muula emmanuel Rudatsikira Seter Siziya Department of Community Health University of Malawi College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi Department of Public Health School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Public Health Unit Department of Clinical Sciences School of Medicine The Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia School of Health Professions Andrews University Berrien Springs Michigan USA World Health Organization Country Office Lusaka Zambia

Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of death and non-communicable diseases which include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of the study is to establish prevalence and predictors of smoking so that interventions specific to these communities can be executed to prevent smoking. A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified World Health Organizations Global Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Surveillance Initiative NCD-STEPs 1 and 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of tobacco smoking. A total of 1627 individuals participated in the survey, of which 42.3% were males. About half of the participants were of age 25-34 years (56.0%), and 41.7% had attained secondary level of education. Overall, 8.7% of the participants (18.1% among males and 1.8% among females) currently smoked any tobacco product. Female respondents were 71% (AOR = 0.29, 95%CI [0.21, 0.39]) less likely to smoke cigarettes compared to male respondents. Compared to respondents who had no formal education, respondents who had attained primary level of education were 45% (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI [1.02, 2.08]) more likely to smoke, and those who attained college or university level of education were 57% (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI [0.28, 0.65]) less likely to smoke. Respondents who did not consume alcohol were 50% (AOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.41, 0.61]) less likely to smoke compared to those who consumed alcohol. The study showed that sex, education, and alcohol consumption were independently associated with Smoking. These are the key determinants which should be considered when designing a health education and awareness campaign to the residents.

关键词： Smoking Health Education Alcohol Consumption Zambia

Demographic implications of lifehistory stage characteristics in two African acacias at a Makeni savanna plot in Zambia

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 217-225页

作者： emmanuel Ngulube Chidumayo Biological Sciences Department University of ZambiaBox 32379LusakaZambia

Aims In spite of the importance of African acacias in vegetation succession and provision of goods and services,little is known about life-history variations within and among *** of the work done on African acacias has focused on seed predation and germination and seedling establishment,especially of Acacia tortilis,Acacia nilotica and Acacia *** primary aim of the present work is to investigate differences in the demography of Acacia polyacantha and Acacia sieberiana and the relationship between life-history characteristics and population size.A secondary objective is to assess how fire,an important ecological factor in savanna vegetation,might modify the growth and demographic dynamics of the two *** The study was conducted at the Makeni savanna plot in central Zambia,southern *** emergence from both non-scarified and scarified seeds sown at different times in the wet season and the fate and growth of seedlings and saplings were monitored over a period of 4 *** growth of permanently marked sample trees in annually burnt and fire-protected blocks was recorded over a 6-year period(2002–08)in order to assess inter-specific differences and how fire modifies tree growth *** of natural saplings and trees were conducted periodically in sample blocks to determine recruitment into these life-history *** findings Seedling emergence and sapling survival rates were much higher in *** than in ***,both seedling and sapling growth rates were higher in *** than in *** but tree growth rates were similar in the two *** fire protection tree growth was significantly influenced by tree size and year while under annual burning only tree size significantly affected tree *** dominance of *** over *** at the study site was attributed to higher seedling emergence rate,higher sapling survival rate and a large sapling bank that forms a

关键词： Acacia demography fire plant growth survivorship

Insect Resistance： An Emerging Molecular Framework Linking Plant Age and JA Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 537-539页

作者： emmanuel Gaquerel Michael Stitz Centre for Organismal Studies University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 360 Heidelberg 69120 Germany

During de,,elopmental progression, also referred to as ontogeny, plants germinate irrto seedlings and pass through a vegetative ju- venile stage, before reaching maturity at the onset of reproduc- tion and senescing. Most of plants＇ physiological processes are profoundly reconfigured across ontogenetic stages, including those involved in defense against insect herbivores. For instance, increases in trait expression have been reported during develop- ment for anti-herbivore physical defenses like trichomes and spines, as well as for the constitutive accumulation of chemicals acting as insect deterrents （reviewed in Barton and Koricheva, 2010）.

关键词： During developmental progression referred ontogeny

Exploring factors of disaster preparedness in UNESCO-designated heritage sites

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 392-404页

作者： emmanuel Eze Alexander Siegmund Institute of Geography&Heidelberg Center for the Environment(HCE) University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Geography-Research Group for Earth Observation(r geo) UNESCO Chair on Observation and Education of World Heritage&Biosphere ReserveHeidelberg University of EducationHeidelbergGermany Geographical and Environmental Education Unit Department of Social Science EducationUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and ***-sidering the pivotal role of UNESCO sites in conservation and development,this study assessed their levels of disaster *** absence of studies assessing disaster awareness,risk perception,and preparedness among UNESCO site actors,as well as the pivotal place of preparedness within the Disaster Risk Management(DRM)cycle justifies this *** the tenets of the Person-Relative-to-Event framework,we hypothe-sized that a strong positive correlation exists between perceived risks,resources,and disaster *** collect pertinent data,we employed an embedded mixed-method design and conducted an online questionnaire survey yielding 141 responses from 59 *** the results of relevant analyses,wildfires,floods,and droughts are top hazards occurring frequently in UNESCO sites,with significant concerns about pollution and habitat loss during future *** emerged as the most available crucial DRM resource,with higher availability of DRM resources correlating positively and significantly with sites’*** findings con-tribute valuable insights to address missing links for disaster-ready and resilient UNESCO sites,promoting their preservation for future generations.

关键词： Biosphere reserves Disaster risk management(DRM) Global geoparks Person-relative-to-event(PRE)framework Sustainability World heritage sites