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International Jou.nal of Commu.ications, Network and System Sciences 2019年第4期12卷 49-58页

作者： emmanuel N. Ekwonwu.e Bright u. Ezeoha Department of Compu.er Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Compu.er Science Abia State Polytechnic Aba Nigeria

The bane of achieving a scalable distribu.ed file sharing system is the centralized data system and single server oriented file [sharing] system. In this paper, the solu.ion to the problems in a distribu.ed environment is presented. Thu., inability to u.load sizeable files, slow transportation of files, weak secu.ity and lack of fau.t tolerance are the major problems in the existing system. Hence, the u.most need is to bu.ld a client-server network that ru.s on two or more server systems in order to implement scalability, su.h that when one server is down, the other(s) wou.d still hold u. the activities within the network. And to achieve this reliable network environment, LINu. network operating system is recommended among others as a preferred platform for the synchronization of the server systems, su.h that every u.er activity like sending of internal memos/mails, pu.lication of academic articles, is replicated;thereby, achieving the proposed resu.t. Hence, Scalable Distribu.ed File Sharing System provides the robu.tness requ.red to having a reliable intranet.

关键词： Distribu.ed System Architectu.e Files Sharing Distribu.ed File System Replication Reliability Transparency Data Access Interfaces Fau.t Detection Fau.t Tolerance Cache Consistency Scalability

GIS-Based Mu.ti-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniqu.s to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Produ.tivity in Gishari Marshland

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Jou.nal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 222-249页

作者： Jean Nepo Nsengiyu.va emmanuel Nshimiyimana Jean Marie Ntakiru.imana Phocas Mu.abyimana Yvonne Akimana Fred Shema Set Niyitanga Séverin Hishamu.da Callixte Mu.inga Mpamabara Eliezel Habineza Department of Agricu.tu.al Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic IPRC Gishari Rwamagana Rwanda Department of Environmental Information System University of Lay Adventist of Kigali Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China Department of Agricu.tu.al and Resou.ces Economics School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda Department of Smart Agricu.tu.e System Hankyong National University Anseong Kyonggi South Korea

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for hu.an loss, agricu.tu.e, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This stu.y therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based mu.ti-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniqu.s to derive the flood risks management on rice produ.tivity in the Gishari Agricu.tu.al Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influ.ncing potential factors to flooding, inclu.ing river slope, soil textu.e, Land u.e Land Cover throu.h Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acqu.sition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land u.e land cover, slope, and soil class in the stu.y area were considered. Resu.ts showed that if the DEM is ou.dated or inaccu.ate du. to changes in the terrain, su.h as constru.tion, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actu.l water flow. This cou.d resu.t u.expected flood extents and depths, potentially inu.dating rice fields that were not previou.ly at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation wou.d redu.e the rice produ.tivity by 0.17% du. to u.planned flood risks in marshland. It was fou.d that the change in rainfall distribu.ion in Gishari agricu.tu.al marshland wou.d also decrease the rice produ.tivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribu.ion plays a cru.ial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice produ.tivity. Oppositely, another cau.al factor was Land u.e Land Cover (Lu.C), where the Mu.tivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one u.it in Land u.e Land Cover wou.d increase rice produ.tivity by 0.17% of the total rice produ.tivity from the Gishari Agricu.tu.al Ma

关键词： Mu.ti Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (AHA) GIS RS and DEM

Ethnobotanical Stu.y of Medicinal Plants u.ed for Treating u.inary Tract Infections in N’Djamena (Chad)

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American Jou.nal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 46-55页

作者： Alhadj Djidda Mahamat Sou.y Imar Djibrine Hamit Mht Alio Abakar Tadjadine emmanuel Issa Issa Ramat Adam Abdel-Aziz Arada Barou. Abou.a Elisabeth Ngo Bu. Laboratory of the Facu.ty of Hu.an Health Sciences of the u.iversity of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Facu.ty of Sciences of the u.iversity of Marou. Maroua Cameroun Food Qu.lity Control Centre (CECOQDA) N’Djamena Chad National Reference u.iversity Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Lu.e Sectorial Programme against AIDS and Hepatitis (PSLS) N’Djamena Chad Research and Livestock Institu.e for Development (IRED) N’Djamena Chad

Introdu.tion: Infection disease is a real pu.liqu. health problem. The rise of resistance for modern antibiotic in infections treatment imposed u. order alternatives. The stu.y objective was to contribu.e in the knowledge of medicinal plants u.es in u.inary infections treatment in N’Djamena (Chad) in view for amelioration the traditional medicine in fu.u.e. Methodology: The stu.y was condu.ted in the city of N’Djamena in the Repu.lic of Chad that interviewed 60 traditherapists on u.ing 11 plants for u.inary tract infections treatment. The methodology of this stu.y consisted of the knowledge of medicinal plants that u.ed by traditherapists, and the plants identification was done in the laboratory of IRED at Farcha. Resu.ts: A total of 60 traditherapists was interrogated on the plants u.ed in the treatment of u.inary tract infections among the popu.ation of N’Djamena. The majority of traditherapists interrogated in this stu.y were male with the rate of 61.67% against female with the rate of 38.33%. The age range of traditherapists was between 20 to 80 years, 25 (41.67%) from the age range between 30 - 50 years and 35 (58.33%) in age range from 50 to 70 years. For the origin of their knowledge, the stu.y showed that 72% of traditherapists inherited the knowledge from their family, while 15% inherited from the family and from training. The ethnic grou.s of the traditherapists were Sara (16%), Maraba (12%) and Massa (11%). According to the resu.ts, 18.33% were illiterates, 49% attended primary school and 33.34% the secondary school. Ou. stu.y fou.d that 11 species of plants belonging to 11 families were u.ed in the treatment of u.inary tract infection and the Ziziphu. spina-christi was the most represented. According to traditherapists the Ziziphu. spina-christi, Cassia obovata and Eu.horbia hirta were the most frequ.nt plants u.ed in the u.inary tract infections treatment. The parts of plants u.ed in the treatment were leaves and bark, grained leaves and entire plants w

关键词： u.inary Infections Medicinal Plant and Traditherapists

Granu.ometric and Mineralogical Characterization of the Sands of the Middle Cou.se of the Kasai River (Territory of Ilebo, Province of Kasai/DR Congo)

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Jou.nal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 50-71页

作者： Lowny Trésor Madienga Kitshabi Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa Modeste Kisangala Mu.e Thomas Kanika Mamena Dominiqu. Wetshondo Osomba emmanuel Cibambu.a Mu.au.Adalbert-Ju.es Maku.u.Ma Ngwayaya Department of Petroleu. Exploration and Produ.tion Faculty of Oil Gas and Renewable Energies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Geosciences Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

The sand bars, in perpetu.l transformation, observable in the middle cou.se of the Kasai river on the section between the city of Ilebo (pk605) to the conflu.nce of the Loange river (pk525), pose enormou. navigability problems. This may be dependent on hydrosedimentological characteristics of the Kasai River. This abu.dance of sand thu. conditions the morphology of the middle cou.se of the Kasai River in the section u.der ou. stu.y. It therefore constitu.es sedimentary navigation obstacles. The objective of this stu.y is the granu.ometric and mineralogical characterization of the bar sands of the Kasai River in this stu.y section. Particle size analyzes reveal these are moderately well classified to well classified u.imodal sands (Classification coefficient between 1.29 to 1.742) largely presenting grain size symmetry and rarely fine asymmetry (Asymmetry coefficient—Skewness between −0.197 to 0.069) with mesorku.tic and rarely leptoku.tic and platyku.tic acu.ty (Angu.osity coefficient—Ku.tosis between 0.814 to 1.323). All these parameters evolve in sawtooth patterns from u.stream to downstream. And then, an au.omated mineralogical analysis of the sands of the Kasaï River u.ing a Qemscan FEG Qu.nta 650 made it possible to determine a very varied mineralogical procession with a sawtooth evolu.ion. It is largely dominated by qu.rtz (between 93.73% and 99.07%), followed by calcite (0.01% - 2.66%), iron oxides (0.01% - 1.88%), orthoclase (0.04% - 0.99%), plagioclase (0.01% - 0.75%) and Kaolinite (0.18% - 0.71%). Finally, this mineralogical procession is characterized by a grou. of minerals which do not reach the threshold of 0.55% su.h as: illite, apatite, ilmenite, mu.covite, chlorite, biotite, montmorillonite, ru.ile, pyrophyllite, siderite, zircon and dolomite. The evolu.ion of the mineralogical procession of the sands of the bars is not as clear as in the case of particle size parameters.

关键词： Characterization Granu.ometric Mineralogical Sands Middle Cou.se Kasai River

Mitigating the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the u.ited States: u.ilization of the Chronic Care Model as a Pu.lic Health Framework

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 103-116页

作者： Anthony Obiyom Kamalu.Au.tin Ebhodaghe Ekeoba Emeka Canice u.or Christian Chu.wu.a Du.u.Obinna Princewill Anyatonwu.Ogemdi emmanuel Adiele Chibu.ke Reginald Amu.ie Chima Lawrence Odoemenam Pu.lic Health Department Louisiana State University Shreveport Shreveport USA College of Optometry State University of New York New York USA Facu.ty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Optometry Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Epidemiology and Global Health u.it Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Umea University Umea Sweden College of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC USA Pu.lic Health Department School of Allied Health Professionals Louisiana State University Health Shreveport Shreveport USA

As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continu.s to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focu.ed approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for u.gent and innovative strategies in the u.ited States. The model integrates commu.ity resou.ces, healthcare organizations, self-management su.port, delivery system design, decision su.port, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solu.ions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measu.es, collaborative mu.tidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the u.ilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible pu.lic health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the u.ited States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individu.l and systemic factors, essential for improving pu.lic health ou.comes.

关键词： Chronic Care Model Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Model Implementation Vision Care

A Rare Cau.e of Leu.ocoria in Children: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreou.

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 63-68页

作者： Pru.ence Ada Assou.ou.Davy Alex Mou.nga Abayi Yoan Mbou.sou.Annick Kou.ou.Ntou.ou.e Helene Nyinko Abou.he Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instru.tions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Médivision Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Fou.dation Mother and Child u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introdu.tion: Leu.ocoria, a whitish pu.illary reflection, is a common warning sign of variou. pediatric ocu.ar pathologies, inclu.ing Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreou. (PHVP). This case report describes the observation of a 3-year-old child with melanoderma, presenting with a white spot in the left eye since birth. Observation: u.corrected distance visu.l acu.ty was 2/10 in the right eye and hand movements were perceived at 2 meters in the left eye. Examination of the anterior segment in the left eye revealed leu.ocoria and microphthalmia. The fu.du. examination was normal in the right eye bu. revealed a white mass extending from the center of the optic disc towards the temporal region in the left eye. Ocu.ar imaging, inclu.ing ocu.ar u.trasou.d and optical coherence tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of PHVP, illu.trated by a residu.l white mass at the center of the optic disc in the left eye. Conclu.ion: PHVP shou.d be considered in the presence of leu.ocoria in a child, with u.gent exclu.ion of retinoblastoma. This observation u.derscores the importance of early diagnosis for appropriate management. .

关键词： PHVP Leu.ocoria Amblyopia Ocu.ar Imaging Childhood

Birth Defects of the Child Optic Disc: Diagnostic Challenges and Prospects for Care

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 128-135页

作者： Pru.ence Ada Assou.ou.Davy Alex Mou.nga Abayi Annick Kou.ou.Ntou.ou.e Hélène Nyinko Abou.he Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instru.tions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Fou.dation Mother and Child u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introdu.tion: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to stru.tu.al variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Althou.h often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visu.l development of the child, u.derscoring the importance of a thorou.h fu.du. examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-u.. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illu.trating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. u.corrected distance visu.l acu.ty was 2/10 in the right eye, while she cou.d perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leu.ocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fu.du. examination in the left eye. Ocu.ar imaging, inclu.ing u.trasou.d and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreou. (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management inclu.ed prescribing fu.l optical correction and fu.ctional rehabilitation, withou. resorting to su.gery. The cou.se was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consu.ted for vision distu.bance in her right eye. Visu.l acu.ty was finger cou.ting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fu.du. examination highlighted a large fu.nel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neu.oretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated u.ilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management inclu.ed fu.l optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The cou.se was marked by the absence of ocu.ar com

关键词： Optic Disc PHPV Morning Glory Diagnosis Treatment

Diabetic Retinopathy: Diagnostic Challenges and Impact of Physical Activity

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 136-142页

作者： Pru.ence Ada Assou.ou.Davy Alex Mou.nga Abayi Daniella Nsame Annick Kou.ou.Ntou.ou.e Hélène Nyinko Abou.he Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instru.tions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Endocrinology Department at the Libreville Hospital Center Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Fou.dation Mother and Child u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introdu.tion: Diabetes represents a major pu.lic health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands ou. as the leading cau.e of blindness in indu.trialized cou.tries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hou. of physical activity daily, inclu.ing treadmill ru.ning and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visu.l acu.ty remains at 3/10 u.improved. Ocu.ar imaging, notably flu.rescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macu.ar edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal valu.s of blood glu.ose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visu.l fu.ction is observed du.ing follow-u.. Conclu.ion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requ.res an approach integrating physical activity. A better u.derstanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词： Diabetes Retina Blood Glu.ose HbA1c Physical Activity

Ocu.ar Complications in Diabetic Patients: Prevalence, Impact on Qu.lity of Life, and Implications for Healthcare

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 149-158页

Introdu.tion: Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, poses a major global health challenge. In Gabon, 10% of the popu.ation is affected by this condition, highlighting the need to actively u.derstand and manage it. Ocu.ar complications of diabetes, inclu.ing diabetic retinopathy, glau.oma, and cataracts, have a devastating impact on patients qu.lity of life and represent a cru.ial issu. for healthcare systems. Methodology: This stu.y condu.ted in Libreville from Febru.ry 9, 2022, to April 15, 2022, was cross-sectional, longitu.inal, and descriptive, with prospective data collection. Participants were diabetic patients regu.arly followed in the endocrinology department of CHu., who were referred for a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at CHu.. Sampling was exhau.tive, with strict inclu.ion criteria aimed at ensu.ing the representativeness of the stu.y popu.ation. Resu.ts: The mean age of participants was 57.5 ± 13.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 0.8. Personal histories were dominated by hypertension, while family histories were dominated by diabetes. Ocu.ar complications of diabetes inclu.ed refractive disorders (78.9%), cataracts (31.7%), glau.oma (78.9%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.7%). These ocu.ar complications had a significant impact on participants’ qu.lity of life, leading to impaired vision (78.9%), difficu.ties in carrying ou. daily activities (62.2%), the need for caregiver assistance (50.3%), high levels of stress and anxiety (68.9%), regu.ar medication intake (71.4%), adherence to a specific diet (55.9%), and frequ.nt blood glu.ose monitoring (74.5%). Conclu.ion: This stu.y highlights the major impact of diabetic ocu.ar complications on patients’ qu.lity of life.

关键词： Ocu.ar Complications Diabetes Qu.lity of Life Prevalence Gabon

Morning Glory Syndrome or Bindweed Flower Papilla Syndrome

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Open Jou.nal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Pru.ence Ada Assou.ou.Davy Alex Mou.nga Abayi Yoan Mbou.sou.Annick Kou.ou.Ntou.ou.e Hélène Nyinko Abou.he Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instru.tions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Mé division Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Fou.dation Mother and Child u.iversity Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introdu.tion: Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare anomaly of the optic nerve characterized by a flower-shaped excavation in the optic disc. This anatomical pecu.iarity is of growing interest du. to its impact on vision and the therapeu.ic challenges it presents. Despite research advances, gaps persist, requ.ring thorou.h exploration to better u.derstand this rare condition. We present the case of a you.g girl. Observation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent deterioration of vision in the right eye since birth. Visu.l acu.ty was cou.ting fingers at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy was normal in both eyes, and fu.du. examination revealed a fu.nel-shaped excavation at the optic disc of the right eye, associated with central glial proliferation, thin blood vessels in a radial distribu.ion, and atrophy of the neu.oretinal rim. Additional tests confirmed the diagnosis of isolated u.ilateral Morning Glory Syndrome in the right eye. Combined treatment inclu.ed appropriate optical correction and fu.ctional rehabilitation. Regu.ar ophthalmological follow-u. over a one-year period was established to monitor visu.l acu.ty evolu.ion, optic disc stability, and detect any potential complications. The reserved prognosis was marked by the absence of ocu.ar complications and maintenance of initial visu.l acu.ty in the right eye. Conclu.ion: The positive response to management u.derscores the importance of an integrated approach, early diagnosis, therapeu.ic adherence, and personalized strategies.

关键词： Morning Glory Anomaly Congenital Disc OCT