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The Influence of Gas Flare Particulates and Rainfall on the Corrosion of Galvanized Steel Roofs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第10期2卷 1341-1346页

作者： ajah Ekpeni obia Hanson Effiong okon Samuel Aji Ekum eyo Effiom eyo-Ita Ekpang ajah Ekpeni 不详

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of air-borne particulates exuded from gas flare chambers and rainfall/rain water pH in the rusting of metallic building materials, particularly the galvanized iron roofing sheets, in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Gas flaring and rain fall in this region are rated to be amongst the highest in the world. In this experiment, specimens of the metal (galvanized iron) were exposed in the atmosphere for one year, across four sites within the region. The monthly readings of concentrations of particulate matter (aerosol) and rainfall at the sites were recorded. Equally, the average pH values of the collected rainwater were determined and recorded correspondingly. Multiple linear regression, analysis of variance (ANoVA) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical analyses were performed on the obtained data and the outcome indicated that, with an R2 = 0.678, there was significant influence of industrial aerosol concentration, precipitation and pH on the degradation of galvanized iron roofing material in the region. It was also established that their individual influences were less than their joint impact, suggesting synergism. The ANoVA test further indicated that corrosion was severe in the industrial sites of Ibeno and Ebocha while Ekuri (the control station) recorded the least impact. This study recommends a discontinuation of gas flaring in the region while research on environmentally resilient, relatively cheap and sustainable alternative materials should be encouraged.

关键词： Galvanized Iron Gas Flares Mass Loss Pollutants Rainfall

The Limnology of ohana Lake, a Potential Manmade Aquaculture System in Nigeria

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open Journal of Applied Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 232-246页

作者： Paul o. ajah Institute of oceanography University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The concentrations of heavy metals (Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ag) in bottom sediments and fish gills in ohana Lake, were found to be significantly high and far exceeded FEPA and WHo environmental standards for water quality by 1.5 to 18 times, respectively. Six classes of each of phytoplankton and zooplankton with a total of 35 phytoplankton taxa comprising 46 species i.e. 35(46) and 22(28) faunal were observed. The class Chlorophyceae dominated the phytoplankton community with 18(22) followed by Cyanobacteria 6(10). The aquatic fauna was dominated by the Rotifera 8(11), followed by the Copepoda 6(9). The benthic flora community consisted of five classes of phytoplankton made up of 28(36). The class Bacillariophyceae 11(15) dominated the group followed by Chlorophyceae 10(11). Benthic fauna were made up of seven classes of 13(13). The dominant class Nemata 4(4) was followed closely by Protozoa 2(3). ohana Lake is fast turning to a eutrophic ecosystem with accompanied algal bloom due to very high nutrient contents. The equitability or evenness indices (J) for both phytoplankton and zooplankton were lowly indicating generally low species diversities as well as predominantly unstable ecosystem. The aquacultural implications of these parameters are discussed.

关键词： Limnology Aquaculture Productivity Pollution Fishery Benthos

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二十一世纪尼日利亚的妇女权利侵犯

二十一世纪尼日利亚的妇女权利侵犯

作者： ajah KELECHI JENNIFER 厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

这项研究工作考查了二十一世纪尼日利亚侵犯妇女权利的问题。文章认为,尼日利亚文化和其他因素,如政府、恐怖主义和教育程度低下,是实现妇女权利的主要障碍。近来频发的恐怖主义比如绑架或唆使自杀性爆炸,已经侵犯了部分尼日利亚妇女权...

这项研究工作考查了二十一世纪尼日利亚侵犯妇女权利的问题。文章认为,尼日利亚文化和其他因素,如政府、恐怖主义和教育程度低下,是实现妇女权利的主要障碍。近来频发的恐怖主义比如绑架或唆使自杀性爆炸,已经侵犯了部分尼日利亚妇女权利。同样地,政府忽视执行人权法,尤其是保护妇女权利的法律,同时也忽视建立一个强大、有效的司法机构来捍卫妇女权利和惩罚侵犯者,这导致政府也成为实现妇女权利的障碍之一。在详细论述这些障碍以及它们是如何阻碍妇女实现权利之后,文章进一步列举并阐述了二十一世纪尼日利亚持续存在的三项侵犯妇女权利的行为,分别是强奸和猥亵、切割女性生殖器官以及早婚。这篇研究论文用于分析和讨论的二手数据主要来源于公开发表的期刊、电子图书、印刷版图书以及报纸等。

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Sociodemographic correlates and associated factors of depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in ogoja, Nigeria

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 137-147页

作者： Ugbe Maurice-Joel Ugbe Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu Joseph ajah Efut Marvin Muji Bisongedam Theresa Mark Awa ofem Irom Ekpo Public Health University of CalabarCalabarCross River Nigeria

Background Displaced persons in Nigeria experience various difficultiesat different stages of their displacement,including mental and physical proble *** experiences have been associated with different types of mental *** This study sought to identify sociodem ographic correlates and other factors associated with depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in ogoja,Cross River State,*** A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilityand probability sampling *** displaced adults(n=335)were identified in ogoja locations with a high prevalence of internally displaced persons(IDPs).Their mental health symptoms were assessed using the Common Mental Disorder *** asemistructured questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic and displacement-related *** were analysed using descriptive statistics.x^(2)analysis and multivariable logistic *** The prevalence of subtypes was 66.0%for anxiety disorder and 73.4%for *** found to be significant in each bivariate x^(2)analysis were modelled for each *** multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged displacement(adjusted odds ratio(AoR)=3.64;p=0.048),reduced family size(AoR=0.28;pof reprisal attacks(AoR=4.19;p=0.004)were significantly associated with anxiety *** gender(AoR=2.09;p=0.015).prolonged displacement(AoR=3.55;p-0.020).reducedfamily size(AoR=0.55;p=0.049),financial strain(AoR=5.43 p=0.023)and loss of loved ones(AoR=1.92;p=0.040)were significantly associated with *** The implications of the findings underline the complex aetiology of these two mental problems and the need to cater to the well-being of those at risk who have been exposed to trauma-related *** and affordable mental health services should be provided for these persons while also considering a social welfare scheme that covers their health ***

关键词： displacement sectional conducting

Examining the Views and opinions of Itinerary Traders on Adherence to CoVID-19 Lockdown in Enugu State,Nigeria

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023年第3期16卷 411-434页

作者： Ugochukwu Simeon Asogwa Benjamin okorie ajah John Thompson okpa Ikenga Patrick Ugwu Rebecca Ginikanwa Nnamani Albert okorie Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Sociology University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Social Sciences Unit The School of General StudiesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguNigeria Department of Political Science University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

The outbreak of CoVID-19 caused human activities to be affected in one way or *** a result,measures were put in place by various national governments to reduce the spread of the *** paper examines adherence to CoVID-19 guidelines in Nigeria among itinerant traders,using a total of 40 eligible participants from selected local governments in Enugu state,*** study adapted purposive sampling techniques to identify eligible participants;while in-depth interview was the method used for data *** other findings,result shows that the control measures rolled out by government were seriously *** traders,driven by economic gains,played covert role in the spread of the *** signalled a weak link in the efforts to curb the spread of the virus in *** study contributes to a more exact diagnosis of the weak link in the efforts to contain the spread of the virus and how the quest for economic gains drove the abuse of CoVID-19 mitigation protocols with its attendant health *** therefore recommends that government should strengthen the institutional capacity for detection and control,and provide the critical infrastructural facilities that will make for intensified surveillance in future epidemic or pandemic *** incentives and the effective monitoring of protocol enforcers saddled with the responsibility of enforcing government directives are also encouraged in order to curb compromise.

关键词： CoVID-19 Interstate movement Community transmission Itinerant traders Compliance

Gynaecological Cancers in HIV Positive and Negative Women—A Single-Center Retrospective Study (2008-2017)

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第2期12卷 124-139页

作者： Ijeoma Victoria Ezeome Theophilus ogochukwu Nwankwo Uchenna Anthony Umeh Leonard ogbonna.ajah Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus Enugu Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria

Background/objective: The association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and invasive cervical carcinoma is fully recognized. However, the effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on the morbidity and mortality of other gynaecological cancers have not been conclusively determined. our study objective was to examine the effects of HIV on patient age at presentation, prevalence, and severity of the illness of various gynaecological cancers diagnosed in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu over the period 2008-2017. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 224 patients who were managed in UNTH for different gynaecological malignancies. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the UNTH, Enugu. Data analysis was done with SPSS software with results expressed in descriptive statistics of simple frequency and percentage, and p-value set at Results: A total of 224 patients were studied. Twenty-five percent of HIV positive patients were aged 31 - 40 years at presentation compared to 12% of HIV negative patients. The commonest gynaecological cancer was cervical cancer with a higher proportion among the HIV-positive patients. While 32% of HIV negative patients presented at FIGo stages 1 - 2 Versus 8.3% of HIV positive patients, 58.3% and 33.3% of HIV positive patients presented at stages 3 and 4 respectively. only 8.3% of HIV positive patients presented with ovarian cancer compared with 31% of HIV negative patients. A higher proportion of HIV positive patients presented with vulvar cancer (16.7%), but no endometrial or choriocarcinoma/GTD, compared with HIV negative patients. Conclusion: HIV positive clients present at an earlier age with more advanced disease, mostly cervical cancer of the squamous cell variety, with minimal non-AIDS defining cancers over the study period in UNTH, Enugu.

关键词： Invasive Cervical Cancer Non-AIDS Defining Cancers Severity of Illness Combination Anti-Retroviral Therapy

Association between Placenta Malaria Parasites and Preeclampsia/Eclampsia among Parturient Mothers in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第3期13卷 444-464页

作者： Ayodele A. olaleye Leonard o. ajah Boniface N. Ejikeme Justus N. Eze Virtus o. obi Adeniyi J. Adebayo Ikenna C. Ebere Alfred N. Adiele Festus Iyare Department of obstetrics and Gynecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Morbid Anatomy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

In tropical countries, malaria and preeclampsia/eclampsia are common diseases of pregnancy;and placenta have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disease processes. The two diseases have pathophysiologic similarities in the placenta such as placenta ischaemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Yet, there is paucity of studies on the association of these two disease processes. Determining the association between the two disease processes may help to unravel the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and also help in its prevention and patient management. objective: Determined the association between placenta malaria parasitemia and preeclampsia/eclampsia among parturients at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study that was conducted in the Labour wards of department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) and Mile 4 Missionary Hospital Abakaliki, a comprehensive health care centre in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state. It was conducted over a period of 6 months between 1st october 2021 and 31st March, 2022. The cases in this study were parturients that developed preeclampsia/eclampsia in the course of pregnancy, while the controls were parturient without preeclampsia/eclampsia. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical histories. Histological examinations were conducted to isolate plasmodium falciparum parasites from placenta samples obtained from the maternal surface of the placenta. The data was processed using Epi Info software. Categorical variables were analyzed using Mc Nemar X2 test, with a p-value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (oR) and 95% CI of the association between placenta malaria parasites and preeclam

关键词： Placental Malaria Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Maternal Perinatal Morbidities and Mortality

Perception of Caesarean Section among Pregnant Women in a Rural Missionary Hospital

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2017年第3期5卷 33-38页

作者： P. o. Ezeonu K. C. Ekwedigwe M. E. Isikhuemen M. o. Eliboh R. C. onoh L. o. Lawani L. o. ajah E. I. Dimejesi Department of obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Edo State Nigeria National obstetric Fistula Centre Abakaliki Nigeria

Introduction: Caesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an incision made on the uterus. It is useful in situations where vaginal delivery is not feasible. Women in our setting usually see it as a reproductive failure and a sign of weakness. our aim was to evaluate the perception of caesarean section among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a rural missionary hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mile 4 missionary hospital, Abakaliki among women attending routine antenatal clinic. Information was obtained from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: A total of 209 pregnant women participated in this study. Their age ranged from 14 to 43 with a mean age of 27 ± 5 years. one hundred and seventy two women (82.3%) have heard of caesarean section in the past. Eighteen (8.6%) have had caesarean section in the past while 5 were not willing to undergo the procedure again. Sixty (28.7%) are not willing to undergo caesarean section even when it is indicated. Conclusion: Despite awareness of caesarean section, women do not appear to have a positive attitude towards the procedure.

关键词： Perception Caesarean Section Rural Hospital

Cervical Cancer Screening, Adherence to and Challenges of Follow-Up in Resources Poor Setting

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open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019年第9期9卷 105-114页

作者： Theophilus ogochukwu Nwankwo Silas onyemaechi okoro Francis Ikechukwu Ukekwe Leonard ogbonna.ajah Benjamin Chukwuma ozumba Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria

Background: organized cervical cancer screening program has contributed to the reduction in incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries. Follow up, to ensure adherence to regular screenings, still poses challenges in poor resource settings. objective: This study aims at determining the cervical cancer screening uptake, adherence to follow up instructions and interval cervical cancer screening and intervention to improve adherence through personalized reminders (phone calls and text messages). Methods: This was a prospective study of clients screened for cervical cancer at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from January 2012 to December 2016. The participants were studied for adherence to interval follow-up screening. Eligible participants were followed up using phone calls and text messages and the outcome noted. The data was analysed using statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. Results: The mean age and parity of 1146 participants screened for cervical intra-epithelial abnormalities within the study period was 44.18 ± 11.08 years and 3.78 ± 2.08 respectively. Most of the subjects (91.8%) screened negative to squamous intra-epithelial lesion (SIL) or malignancy, 8.2% (94/1146) had various grades of SIL. Thirty-five (37%), 29 (31%), 16 (17%) and 14 (15%) of the 94 SIL positive cases had atypical cells of unknown significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LGSIL), high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (HGSIL) and cervical carcinoma respectively. Adherence to instructions for repeat cytology was only 37.7% while that for 3 yearly interval rescreening was 17.5%. Phone calls and messages to clients improved adherence to appreciable extent. Conclusion: Adherence to interval and follow-up screening for cervical cancer was low. The use of phone calls and short message services (SMS) to remind clients of screening appointments increased adherence and should be employed in developing countries.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Intra-Epithelial Lesion Screening Follow-Up Adherence