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A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada Cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule emmanuel nfor Mohan P.Joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for *** program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to *** program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC *** program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations Capacities

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Synthesis, Characterization, Computational and Antibacterial Studies of Novel Dopamine-Based Derivatives

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022年第1期12卷 40-52页

作者： Michѐle-L. Lieunang Watat Jovita S. Chi Claudia E. Asanji emmanuel N. nfor Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Two novel dopamine hydrochloride Schiff bases (E)-4-(2-((4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ylidene)amino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (1) and (E)-3-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)imino)indolin-2-one (2) have been synthesized using isatin and 4-hydroxycoumarin. The prepared compounds have been characterized by solubility in different solvents, melting point determination, elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopic techniques, with the structures of the Schiff bases proposed. The proposed structures of the compounds have been optimized using the Spartan program so as to get the most stable conformers. The synthesized Schiff bases have been tested for their biological activity against two Gram positive bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and two Gram negative bacteria;Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values determined. The Schiff base 1 was found to inhibit E. coli and K. pneumonia with MIC values of 3.12 and 6.25 μg/mL, followed by K. pneumonia compared to the reference standards with MIC values of 3.12 μg/ml indicating that 1 could be a potential lead compound.

关键词： Dopamine Hydrochloride Schiff Bases Computational Antibacterial

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Boreholes and Hand Dug Wells Water in Ngaoundere Municipality of Adamawa Region in Cameroon

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第7期9卷 629-645页

作者： Bernard Viban Tangwa Horline Keubou emmanuel N. nfor Albert Ngakou Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea SWR Cameroon

Uncontrolled uses of antibiotics have led to rapid evolution of antibiotic-resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance gene transfer, especially in a pool of aquatic system where resistance, intermediate and susceptible bacteria to some antibiotics strive together. Consequently, there is a transfer of resistance genes. In this study, bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family and some gram positive bacteria isolated from some boreholes and hand dug wells water of public use were tested on 19 antibiotics of different classes. This was achieved through a disk diffusion technique to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the said bacteria, microbial resistance index of the drugs used (and their ability to produce Beta-lactamase). These isolates were shown to demonstrate a very high resistance to the drugs used in the area. The resistance was highest in Escherichia coli 1 (73.68%) and lowest in Streptococcus pneumoniae (47.82%). These isolates also indicated very high levels of multi-drug resistance. The minimum resistance index was 0.47, indicating that bacteria isolates were of fecal origin. It is evident from the present study that multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria can thrive in water as an environmental reservoir, and can therefore provide a route to multidrug-resistant pathogens to enter human and animal population.

关键词： Boreholes Wells Drug Resistance Bacteria Microbial Resistance Index

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Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Anti-Onchocercal Studies of 1-(Phthalazin-1(2H)-one)[(Pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazone

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2016年第1期6卷 77-84页

作者： Joseph N. Yong Felicite Majoumo-Mbe Moses Samje emmanuel N. nfor Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

The novel ligand, 1-(phthalazin-1(2H)-one)[(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazone,(APN), derived from the antihypertensive drug, hydralazine hydrochloride, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H NMR). The X-ray crystallographic data indicates that APN has an exocyclic C=N bond on the hydralazine moiety. APN revealed significant anti-onchocercal activity with IC50 values of 0.3125 μg/mL on microfilaria and 10 μg/mL on adult worms compared to the standard drug, ivermectin.

关键词： Hydralazine Hydrochloride Schiff Bases Anti-Onchocercal Activity

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Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Antibacterial Activity of Benzylmethyl-4-Methyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 83-90页

作者： James A. Mbah Godfred A. Ayimele Elvis N. Eyonganyoh emmanuel N. nfor Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea Cameroon

A novel Schiff base, benzylmethyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (BMM) de-rived from benzylmethylketone and 4-methylthiosemicarbazide was synthe-sized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and physical means. The single crystal structure analysis of the Schiff base reveals that it crystallizes in a monoclinic system in the P21/c space group. BMM revealed moderate antibacterial activity on three bacterial strains with diameter zone of inhibition of 16 mm (E. coli), 14 mm (K. pneumonia) and 13 mm (S. epider-midis) compared with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin.

关键词： Benzylmethyl-4-Methyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone Antibacterial Activity Crystal Structure

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Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Antibacterial Activity of 1-(4-Methoxybenzaldehyde)-4-Methylthiosemicarbazone

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第3期7卷 229-239页

作者： James Ajeck Mbah Godfred Aponglen Ayimele Norbert Kodjio Joseph Ngwain Yong emmanuel Ngwang nfor Donatien Gatsing Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

A novel ligand, 1-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methylthiosemicarbazone (MBT) derived from 4-methoxybenzaldehyde was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR), single crystal X-ray diffraction technique and physical means. MBT showed antibacterial activity in vitro with MICs of 64 μg/mL (a strain of Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539)), 128 μg/mL (Salmonella typhi), 64 μg/mL (Salmonella paratyphi A), 128 μg/mL (Salmonella paratyphi B) and 64 μg/mL (Salmonella typhimurium). The results showed that MBT demonstrated moderate in vitro antibacterial activity against a strain of Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), Salmonella paratyphi A, and Salmonella typhimurium, indicating its promise as a possible lead for the discovery of antibacterial drugs.

关键词： Novel Schiff Base Antibacterial Activity Crystal Structure

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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Example of a Tris-Chelated Co(II) Complex Based on Oxamide Dioxime Ligand

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2015年第2期4卷 9-15页

作者： Gouet Bebga emmanuel N. nfor Yves A. Mbiangué Patrick L. Djonwouo Justin Nenwa Department of Chemistry Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Chemistry Higher Teachers Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Coordination Chemistry Laboratory University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

A new cobalt(II) complex, [Co(H2 oxado)3 ]C2 O4 H2 oxado·2H2 O (H2 oxado = oxamide dioxime), has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray structure determination. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, with the parameters a = 9.46(4), b = 11.84(5), c = 12. 81(5)?Å, α = 104.94(6), β = 99.29(5), γ = 106.73(5), V = 1284(9) Å3, Z = 2. The central cobalt(II) cation is pseudo-octahedrally coordinated by six imino N atoms of the neutral oxamide dioxime ligand. In the solid state, each of the following bricks, namely the cationic complexes, the oxalate dianions as well as the oxamide dioxime crystallization molecules, pile up parallel to the a axis. The bulk structure is consolidated by an extended three-dimensional network of hydrogen bridgings—that link the ionic partners, oxamide dioxime and water molecules to one another—and by coulombic interactions.

关键词： Crystal Structure Cobalt(II) Complex Oxamide Dioxime Oxalate Hydrogen Bridging

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Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Molecular Modeling and Anti-Fungal Studies of Some Divalent Metal Complexes of 4-Hydroxyacetophenone Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone

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Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021年第3期11卷 95-109页

作者： Gwendoline M. Toh-Boyo Romanus N. Njong Estella M. Babette emmanuel N. nfor Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Fundamental Science Higher Technical Teachers Training College Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

A novel ligand N-4-hydroxyacetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone and its manganese(II) and nickel(II) metal complexes have been synthesized. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes have been characterized by physical state determination, melting point and solubility measurements in different solvents, infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometric and powder X-ray spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties of the prepared compounds were obtained from TG/DTG measurements. On the basis of the analytical techniques, the ligand was found to be bidentate in nature coordinating to the metal ions through the azomethine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms leading to distorted octahedral geometries of the metal complexes which were modeled using MM2 force field. The ligand and its metal(II) complexes were evaluated for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Rhizopus stolonifera. The antifungal evaluation results revealed an enhanced activity upon coordination of the ligand with the metal(II) ions. The activity of the metal complex to the tested fungal strains was in the order Ni(II) > Mn(II).

关键词： N-4-Hydroxyacetophenone Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Metal Complexes Antifungal Activity Molecular Modeling

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Ni(II) N-(2-Pyridylmethyl)-L-Alanine) Complex: Structural Diversity and Photoluminiscent Studies

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2020年第4期9卷 63-72页

作者： Bridget N. Ndosiri emmanuel N. nfor Jérôme Marrot Aminou Mohamadou Justin Nenwa Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Institut Lavoisier UMR 8180 Versailles France Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR) CNRS UMR 7312 UFR des Sciences

A novel chiral Nickel (II) complex of N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-L-alanine (Hpyala) 1 has been prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Complex 1 crystallizes in an orthorhombic P212121 space group. The nickel (II) centre in the complex adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. This compound has been seen to exhibit structural diversity resulting from the number of lattice water molecules. The photoluminescent properties of this compound which have also been investigated, indicates the potential application in luminescence.

关键词： Nickel (II) Complex Chiral Photoluminescent X-Ray Diffraction

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Corrosion Inhibitory Studies of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from Hydralazine Hydrochloride on Mild Steel in Acidic Media

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2018年第1期8卷 15-32页

作者： Romanus N. Njong Bridget N. Ndosiri emmanuel N. nfor Offiong E. Offiong Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The inhibition performance of 1-hydralazinophthalazine (HPZ) (1), and synthesized1-(2-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)] hydrazono) phthalazine (MFHPZ) (2), 1-(phthalazin-1(2H)-one) [(pyridin-2-yl) ethylidene] hydrazone (ACPHPZ) (3) and (2-acetylthiophene hydrazono) phthalazine (ACTHPZ) (4) has been investigated for mild steel in 1 M HCl. Compound 4 shows maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% at 5.0 × 10-3 M concentration. The evaluation of thermodynamics and activation parameters indicated spontaneous adsorption of the inhibitor molecules which takes place through chemisorption. The adsorption of 3 and 2 follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Temkin adsorption isotherm for 4 and 1. The inhibitor efficiency was of the order 4 > 3 > 1 > 2. Impedance study for the representative inhibitor compounds 4 and 3 showed that decrease in charge transfer resistance is responsible for effective protection of mild steel surface by the tested inhibitor.

关键词： Mild Steel Hydralazine Hydrochloride Weight Loss Corrosion Inhibition

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