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Evaluation of Quantitative Phytochemicals, Liver Enzymes and Histological Changes in Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of <i>Brysocarpus coccineus</i>

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2017年第3期5卷 33-44页

作者： Kashini Andrew Nachamada Solomon emmanuel Deborah Chioma Ejiogu Chinonso Nicodemus Chima Fatima Mohammed Yahuza emmanuel Chukwuemeka Umeh Philemon Paul Mshelia Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medical SciencesAhmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria Department of Human Physiology College of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiNigeria

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity is a major concern in patients taking anti tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis. It can result in elevated serum liver enzymes and hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus on serum liver enzymes in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each and were treated orally for 30 days as follows: Group I: 1 ml/kg of distilled water;group II: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg);group iii: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + Livolin forte (20 mg/kg);group IV: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (200 mg/kg);group V: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (400 mg/kg);group VI: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (800 mg/kg). At the end of the experiments, the Wistar rats were sacrificed and sera obtained for liver enzymes assay, whereas the liver tissue was also harvested and used for histological studies. Tanins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were quantitatively present at 2.29%, 18.05%, 23.24% and 18.99%, respectively. There was an increase in the serum AST and ALT in the isoniazid treated group, which was reversed by livolin forte and the aqueous extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg, however the extracts increased the serum levels of AST and ALT at higher doses, which was however not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to the controls. There was evidence of a reduction in hepatocytes damage in the extract treated groups when compared to the Isoniazid untreated group. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of B. coccineus shows hepatoprotective effects at 200 mg/kg in isoniazid hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats.

关键词： Brysocarpus coccineus Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Phytochemicals

Social media growth of orthopaedic surgery residency programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第8期13卷 693-702页

作者： Joseph S Geller Dustin H Massel Michael G Rizzo Ean Schwartz Jacob Eric Milner Chester J Donnally iii Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States Department of Orthopedics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States University of Miami Leonard M.Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFL 33136United States Texas Spine Consultants Texas Spine ConsultantsAddisonTX 75001United States

BACKGROUND In the Spring of 2020,residency programs across the country experienced rapid and drastic changes to their application process as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** response,residency programs shifted to virtual events and began harnessing social media to communicate with *** To analyze the changes in social media usage by orthopaedic surgery programs in response to the COVID-19 *** Based on the 2019 residency and fellowship electronic database,accredited US orthopaedic surgery programs were reviewed for social media presence on Instagram and *** 47000 tweets from 2011-2021 were extracted through the Twitter application programming *** extracted:Total number of followers,accounts following,tweets,likes,date of account creation,hashtags,and *** language processing was utilized for tweet sentiment analysis and classified as positive,neutral,or *** data was collected and deemed current as of August 11,*** account foundation date analysis was based on the date recognized as the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States,before or after March 1,*** A total of 85(42.3%)orthopaedic surgery residency program Twitter handles were ***-five(41.2%)programs joined Twitter in the nine months after the 2020 covid *** 2020,there was a 126.6%increase in volume of tweets by orthopaedic surgery residency accounts as compared to *** median number of followers was 474.5(interquartile range 205.0-796.5).The account with the highest number of tweets was Hospital for Special Surgery(@HSpecialSurgery)with 13776 tweets followed by University of Virginia(@UVA_Ortho)with 5063 and Yale(@OrthoAtYale)with *** analysis before 2020 revealed 30.4%positive,60.8%neutral,and 8.8%negative sentiments across ***,the positive sentiment percentage increased in 2020 from 30.4%to 34.5%.Of the 201 ACGME-accredited ortho

关键词： Social media COVID-19 Orthopaedic surgery Residency

A Generalized FDTD Method with Absorbing Boundary Condition for Solving a Time-Dependent Linear Schrodinger Equation

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2012年第3期2卷 163-172页

作者： Frederick Ira Moxley iii Fei Zhu Weizhong Dai Department of Mathematics & Statistics Louisiana Tech University Ruston USA Department of Physics Louisiana Tech University Ruston USA

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is a well-known technique for the analysis of quantum devices. It solves a discretized Schrodinger equation in an iterative process. However, the method provides only a second-order accurate numerical solution and requires that the spatial grid size and time step should satisfy a very restricted condition in order to prevent the numerical solution from diverging. In this article, we present a generalized FDTD method with absorbing boundary condition for solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schr?dinger equation and obtain a more relaxed condition for stability. The generalized FDTD scheme is tested by simulating a particle moving in free space and then hitting an energy potential. Numerical results coincide with those obtained based on the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Schrodinger Equation Absorbing Boundary FDTD Method Stability

Can Africa achieve herd immunity?

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno iii Isaac Olushola Ogunkola Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi Xu Lin Hao Li Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open UniversityLos BañosLagunaPhilippines Department of Public Health University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Faculty of Pharmacy University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina Global Health Institute Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina

The World Health Organization described herd immunity,also known as population immunity,as the indirect fortification from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous exposure to *** emergence of COVID-19 vaccine is a step towards the achievement of herd *** one billion people across the globe have been vaccinated and Africa recorded only 2%.The objective of this article was to develop a forecast of the number of people to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity in the 13 WHO-identified priority African countries for *** immunity is achieved when one infected person in a population causes less than one secondary case on average,corresponding to the effective basic reproduction number(R_(0)).Vaccine delivery and distribution infrastructure including the cold chain remains *** hesitancy is also one of the limiting factors that may hinder herd immunity in *** order to achieve herd immunity globally,African countries should not be excluded in fair and equal distribution of *** stakeholders should foster commitment as well as community sensitization on COVID-19 vaccines and integration of COVID-19 vaccines in existing healthcare services.

关键词： Africa COVID-19 Herd immunity Vaccine

Introduction to the special issue on uro-reconstruction surgery

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UroPrecision 2024年第3期2卷 73-74,F0002页

作者： Thomas G.Smith iii Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA

In this issue of the UroPrecision,we delve into the evolution of urological reconstructive surgery,a field that has significantly progressed in the past ***,the subspecialty of reconstructive urology was the traditional domain for the management of trau-matic urologic injuries and surgical correction of male urethral stricture dis ***,as more urologists developed an interest in managing these conditions,became subspecialty trained,and learned the detailed intricacies of reconstructive surgery,the field has ex-panded to include surgical management of the upper urinary tract,robotics,urinary incontinence,and iat-rogenic problems such as radiation injury to the uri-nary system.

关键词： surgery urinary injuries

Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第4期5卷 314-318页

作者： Kyle D.Flack Robert E.Anderson iii Kylie F.McFee Bridgette T.Day Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition College of AgricultureUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body *** classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food*** present study assessed motor impulsivity(ability to suppress a pre-potent response)when presented with food and neutral(non-food)cues,testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight to *** proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following food cues(10.8%)was significantly greater than the proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following neutral cues(1.9%,p<0.001).These differences remained when covering for sex and *** indicates deficits in food-specific impulse control(as opposed to general impulse control)are present in those classified as overweight to *** the specific aspect of impulse control that is present in this population is needed for the development of future impulse control training interventions that seek to change eating behaviors as a means for weight control.

关键词： Impulsivity Inhibitory control Impulse control Response inhibition Food cues Obesity Go/NoGo task

Laser Heating and Infrared Thermography of Building Materials

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2021年第3期9卷 223-229页

作者： Aschalew Kassu Carlton Farley iii Christina P. Tsoli Department of Mechanical Civil Engineering and Construction Management Alabama A & M University Huntsville AL USA Department of Physics Chemistry and Mathematics Alabama A & M University Huntsville AL USA Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University Athens Greece

In this work, a 532 nm diode CW laser is used to heat samples used as building materials at a 1 meter standoff distance while using an FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) thermal camera to monitor and record the heating and then cooling of each sample after lasers are switched off. The data is then analyzed using FLIR proprietary software. Since the absorption spectra of materials are unique, using multiple lasers of different wavelengths to simultaneously shine onto the sample at different locations would give enough thermal data to successfully characterize the samples within a reasonable amount of time. The results are very promising for applications involving non-destructive detection and classification of materials.

关键词： Infrared Thermography NIR Thermal Laser Heating Remote Detection

A Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network Study of Fatal Road Traffic Crashes

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第3期12卷 419-431页

作者： Ed Pearson iii Aschalew Kassu Louisa Tembo Oluwatodimu Adegoke Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA Department of Mechanical Civil Engineering & Construction Management Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Alabama State University Montgomery AL USA

This paper examines the relationship between fatal road traffic accidents and potential predictors using multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLANN) models. The initial analysis employed twelve potential predictors, including traffic volume, prevailing weather conditions, roadway characteristics and features, drivers’ age and gender, and number of lanes. Based on the output of the model and the variables’ importance factors, seven significant variables are identified and used for further analysis to improve the performance of models. The model is optimized by systematically changing the parameters, including the number of hidden layers and the activation function of both the hidden and output layers. The performances of the MLANN models are evaluated using the percentage of the achieved accuracy, R-squared, and Sum of Square Error (SSE) functions.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron Fatal Crash Traffic Safety

Aggravation of Arrhythmia Induced by Antiarrhythmic Drugs during Electrophysiologic Testing

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 1989年第1期4卷 49-51页

作者：区晋禧 N A Mark Estes iii Department of Cardiology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an New England Medical Center Hospital Boston

The purpose of our study is to evaluate aggravation of arrhythmia induced byantiarrhythmic drugs during electrophysiologic testing In 266 tests, patients with arrhythmia weretreated with quinidine, procainamide, mexiletine amicdarone, locainide pirmenol flacainide andnorpace and the results were analysed. Aggravation of arrhythmia induced by antiarrhythmic drugswas common, involving almost all antiarrhythmic drugs The incidence of aggravation was 21. 8%.There was no definite relationship between arrhythrnic aggravation and underlying heart diseases. Inno circumstances were blood levels in toxic range at the time of arrhythmic aggravation. Combinedwith antiarrhythmic drugs Ia+Ib (?) the incidence of aggravation of arrhythmia. Greatly wid-ened QRS might he a due to recognizing the danger of quinidine-induced arrhythmic aggravation.

关键词： clectrophysiologic-pharmacologic testing aggravation of arrhythmia