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Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) under Laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred Kanu Prince emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, Loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus L. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

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Understanding the transmission pathways of Lassa fever:A mathematical modeling approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 27-57页

作者： Praise-God uchechukwu Madueme Faraimunashe Chirove Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of JohannesburgCnr Kingsway and University RoadAuckland Park2092JohannesburgSouth Africa

The spread of Lassa fever infection is increasing in West Africa over the last *** impact of this can better be understood when considering the various possible transmission *** designed a mathematical model for the epidemiology of Lassa Fever using a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to determine the effect of transmission pathways toward the infection progression in humans and rodents including those usually neglected such as the environmental surface and aerosol *** analyzed the model and carried out numerical simulations to determine the impact of each transmission *** results showed that the burden of Lassa fever infection is increased when all the transmission routes are incorporated and most single transmission routes are less harmful,but when in combination with other transmission routes,they increase the Lassa fever *** is therefore important to consider multiple transmission routes to better estimate the Lassa fever burden optimally and in turn determine control strategies targeted at the transmission pathways.

关键词： Transmission Dynamics Mastomys Lassa fever

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GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniques to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Productivity in Gishari Marshland

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 222-249页

作者： Jean Nepo Nsengiyumva emmanuel Nshimiyimana Jean Marie Ntakirutimana Phocas Musabyimana Yvonne Akimana Fred Shema Set Niyitanga Séverin Hishamunda Callixte Musinga Mpamabara Eliezel Habineza Department of Agricultural Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic IPRC Gishari Rwamagana Rwanda Department of Environmental Information System University of Lay Adventist of Kigali Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China Department of Agricultural and Resources Economics School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda Department of Smart Agriculture System Hankyong National University Anseong Kyonggi South Korea

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for human loss, agriculture, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This study therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques to derive the flood risks management on rice productivity in the Gishari Agricultural Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influencing potential factors to flooding, including river slope, soil texture, Land Use Land Cover through Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acquisition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land use land cover, slope, and soil class in the study area were considered. Results showed that if the DEM is outdated or inaccurate due to changes in the terrain, such as construction, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actual water flow. This could result unexpected flood extents and depths, potentially inundating rice fields that were not previously at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation would reduce the rice productivity by 0.17% due to unplanned flood risks in marshland. It was found that the change in rainfall distribution in Gishari agricultural marshland would also decrease the rice productivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribution plays a crucial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice productivity. Oppositely, another causal factor was Land Use Land Cover (LULC), where the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one unit in Land Use Land Cover would increase rice productivity by 0.17% of the total rice productivity from the Gishari Agricultural Ma

关键词： Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (AHA) GIS RS and DEM

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Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Urinary Tract Infections in N’Djamena (Chad)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 46-55页

作者： Alhadj Djidda Mahamat Soudy Imar Djibrine Hamit Mht Alio Abakar Tadjadine emmanuel Issa Issa Ramat Adam Abdel-Aziz Arada Baroua Abouna Elisabeth Ngo Bum Laboratory of the Faculty of Human Health Sciences of the University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Faculty of Sciences of the University of Maroua Maroua Cameroun Food Quality Control Centre (CECOQDA) N’Djamena Chad National Reference University Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Lute Sectorial Programme against AIDS and Hepatitis (PSLS) N’Djamena Chad Research and Livestock Institute for Development (IRED) N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: Infection disease is a real publique health problem. The rise of resistance for modern antibiotic in infections treatment imposed us order alternatives. The study objective was to contribute in the knowledge of medicinal plants uses in urinary infections treatment in N’Djamena (Chad) in view for amelioration the traditional medicine in future. Methodology: The study was conducted in the city of N’Djamena in the Republic of Chad that interviewed 60 traditherapists on using 11 plants for urinary tract infections treatment. The methodology of this study consisted of the knowledge of medicinal plants that used by traditherapists, and the plants identification was done in the laboratory of IRED at Farcha. Results: A total of 60 traditherapists was interrogated on the plants used in the treatment of urinary tract infections among the population of N’Djamena. The majority of traditherapists interrogated in this study were male with the rate of 61.67% against female with the rate of 38.33%. The age range of traditherapists was between 20 to 80 years, 25 (41.67%) from the age range between 30 - 50 years and 35 (58.33%) in age range from 50 to 70 years. For the origin of their knowledge, the study showed that 72% of traditherapists inherited the knowledge from their family, while 15% inherited from the family and from training. The ethnic groups of the traditherapists were Sara (16%), Maraba (12%) and Massa (11%). According to the results, 18.33% were illiterates, 49% attended primary school and 33.34% the secondary school. Our study found that 11 species of plants belonging to 11 families were used in the treatment of urinary tract infection and the Ziziphus spina-christi was the most represented. According to traditherapists the Ziziphus spina-christi, Cassia obovata and Euphorbia hirta were the most frequent plants used in the urinary tract infections treatment. The parts of plants used in the treatment were leaves and bark, grained leaves and entire plants w

关键词： Urinary Infections Medicinal Plant and Traditherapists

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Granulometric and Mineralogical Characterization of the Sands of the Middle Course of the Kasai River (Territory of Ilebo, Province of Kasai/DR Congo)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 50-71页

作者： Lowny Trésor Madienga Kitshabi Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa Modeste Kisangala Muke Thomas Kanika Mamena Dominique Wetshondo Osomba emmanuel Cibambula Musau Adalbert-Jules Makutu Ma Ngwayaya Department of Petroleum Exploration and Production Faculty of Oil Gas and Renewable Energies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Geosciences Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

The sand bars, in perpetual transformation, observable in the middle course of the Kasai river on the section between the city of Ilebo (pk605) to the confluence of the Loange river (pk525), pose enormous navigability problems. This may be dependent on hydrosedimentological characteristics of the Kasai River. This abundance of sand thus conditions the morphology of the middle course of the Kasai River in the section under our study. It therefore constitutes sedimentary navigation obstacles. The objective of this study is the granulometric and mineralogical characterization of the bar sands of the Kasai River in this study section. Particle size analyzes reveal these are moderately well classified to well classified unimodal sands (Classification coefficient between 1.29 to 1.742) largely presenting grain size symmetry and rarely fine asymmetry (Asymmetry coefficient—Skewness between −0.197 to 0.069) with mesorkurtic and rarely leptokurtic and platykurtic acuity (Angulosity coefficient—Kurtosis between 0.814 to 1.323). All these parameters evolve in sawtooth patterns from upstream to downstream. And then, an automated mineralogical analysis of the sands of the Kasaï River using a Qemscan FEG Quanta 650 made it possible to determine a very varied mineralogical procession with a sawtooth evolution. It is largely dominated by quartz (between 93.73% and 99.07%), followed by calcite (0.01% - 2.66%), iron oxides (0.01% - 1.88%), orthoclase (0.04% - 0.99%), plagioclase (0.01% - 0.75%) and Kaolinite (0.18% - 0.71%). Finally, this mineralogical procession is characterized by a group of minerals which do not reach the threshold of 0.55% such as: illite, apatite, ilmenite, muscovite, chlorite, biotite, montmorillonite, rutile, pyrophyllite, siderite, zircon and dolomite. The evolution of the mineralogical procession of the sands of the bars is not as clear as in the case of particle size parameters.

关键词： Characterization Granulometric Mineralogical Sands Middle Course Kasai River

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Mitigating the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States: Utilization of the Chronic Care Model as a Public Health Framework

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 103-116页

作者： Anthony Obiyom Kamalu Austin Ebhodaghe Ekeoba Emeka Canice Uzor Christian Chukwuka Duru Obinna Princewill Anyatonwu Ogemdi emmanuel Adiele Chibuike Reginald Amuzie Chima Lawrence Odoemenam Public Health Department Louisiana State University Shreveport Shreveport USA College of Optometry State University of New York New York USA Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Optometry Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Epidemiology and Global Health Unit Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Umea University Umea Sweden College of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC USA Public Health Department School of Allied Health Professionals Louisiana State University Health Shreveport Shreveport USA

As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for urgent and innovative strategies in the United States. The model integrates community resources, healthcare organizations, self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solutions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measures, collaborative multidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the utilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible public health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the United States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individual and systemic factors, essential for improving public health outcomes.

关键词： Chronic Care Model Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Model Implementation Vision Care

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A Rare Cause of Leukocoria in Children: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 63-68页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Helene Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Médivision Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Leukocoria, a whitish pupillary reflection, is a common warning sign of various pediatric ocular pathologies, including Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHVP). This case report describes the observation of a 3-year-old child with melanoderma, presenting with a white spot in the left eye since birth. Observation: Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye and hand movements were perceived at 2 meters in the left eye. Examination of the anterior segment in the left eye revealed leukocoria and microphthalmia. The fundus examination was normal in the right eye but revealed a white mass extending from the center of the optic disc towards the temporal region in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ocular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of PHVP, illustrated by a residual white mass at the center of the optic disc in the left eye. Conclusion: PHVP should be considered in the presence of leukocoria in a child, with urgent exclusion of retinoblastoma. This observation underscores the importance of early diagnosis for appropriate management. .

关键词： PHVP Leukocoria Amblyopia Ocular Imaging Childhood

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Birth Defects of the Child Optic Disc: Diagnostic Challenges and Prospects for Care

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 128-135页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Although often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visual development of the child, underscoring the importance of a thorough fundus examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-up. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illustrating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye, while she could perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leukocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fundus examination in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management included prescribing full optical correction and functional rehabilitation, without resorting to surgery. The course was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consulted for vision disturbance in her right eye. Visual acuity was finger counting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fundus examination highlighted a large funnel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neuroretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management included full optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The course was marked by the absence of ocular com

关键词： Optic Disc PHPV Morning Glory Diagnosis Treatment

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Diabetic Retinopathy: Diagnostic Challenges and Impact of Physical Activity

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 136-142页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Daniella Nsame Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Endocrinology Department at the Libreville Hospital Center Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词： Diabetes Retina Blood Glucose HbA1c Physical Activity

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Ocular Complications in Diabetic Patients: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Implications for Healthcare

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 149-158页

Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, poses a major global health challenge. In Gabon, 10% of the population is affected by this condition, highlighting the need to actively understand and manage it. Ocular complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts, have a devastating impact on patients quality of life and represent a crucial issue for healthcare systems. Methodology: This study conducted in Libreville from February 9, 2022, to April 15, 2022, was cross-sectional, longitudinal, and descriptive, with prospective data collection. Participants were diabetic patients regularly followed in the endocrinology department of CHUL, who were referred for a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at CHUO. Sampling was exhaustive, with strict inclusion criteria aimed at ensuring the representativeness of the study population. Results: The mean age of participants was 57.5 ± 13.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 0.8. Personal histories were dominated by hypertension, while family histories were dominated by diabetes. Ocular complications of diabetes included refractive disorders (78.9%), cataracts (31.7%), glaucoma (78.9%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.7%). These ocular complications had a significant impact on participants’ quality of life, leading to impaired vision (78.9%), difficulties in carrying out daily activities (62.2%), the need for caregiver assistance (50.3%), high levels of stress and anxiety (68.9%), regular medication intake (71.4%), adherence to a specific diet (55.9%), and frequent blood glucose monitoring (74.5%). Conclusion: This study highlights the major impact of diabetic ocular complications on patients’ quality of life.

关键词： Ocular Complications Diabetes Quality of Life Prevalence Gabon

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