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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Systems Analysis of Vulnerability to Hydrometeorological Threats: An Exploratory Study of Vulnerability Drivers in Northern Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 204-219页

作者： emmanuel Mavhura Department of Geography Bindura University of Science Education

Disasters result from complex interactions of hazards and vulnerability conditions. Reducing human exposure and sensitivity to threats can reduce disaster impact. Prior knowledge about community vulnerability levels is crucial to minimizing potential losses from future threats. Most vulnerability studies focus on high-impact disasters and their temporal and spatial analyses. Yet highfrequency, low-impact disasters have a cumulative potential to severely disrupt or damage socioeconomic *** is limited knowledge especially in the global south about the creation of vulnerability to hydrometeorological threats. Using a systems approach, this study explores ways in which communities in the northern semiarid tropics of Zimbabwe are vulnerable to hydrometeorological *** predominantly qualitative study used literature review, interviews, transect walks, and focus groups to gather data from selected samples involving smallholder farmers with in-depth knowledge about community vulnerability. The results show that the communities are vulnerable to multiple hydrometeorological threats due to multiple interacting factors including rainfed and floodbased farming, land tenure, topography, climate, and other socioeconomic conditions such as inadequate income sources and high poverty. In order to reduce vulnerability,this study provides five policy options for government and nongovernmental organization interventions, including the need to transform rural economies beyond the traditional rainfed and flood-based farming systems.

关键词： Community vulnerability Flood-based farming Hydrometeorological threats Rainfed agriculture Zimbabwe

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Effect of Different Rates and Mixtures of Solid Household Waste and Faecal Sludge-Based Composts on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Dschang, West Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第7期14卷 448-470页

作者： Romary Ngnipa Tchinda Rodrigue emmanuel Kenne Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Jovanie Gladys Kenfack Doris Temgoua Zombou Désiré Évariste Moundjeu Tsafack Richard Tanwi Ghogomu Emile Temgoua Dieudonné Bitom Oyono Department of Environmental Sciences of the Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and the Environment of the University of Bertoua Blabo Cameroon Department of Soil Science Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Research Unit Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

The unbalanced and inadequate use of fertilizers is one of the causes of soil degradation. Combined with the ever-increasing population, it is necessary to find sustainable agricultural production alternatives. The present work aims to determine the effect of different rates and mixtutes of organic amendments on soil fertility and the performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In the field, treatments consisted of solid household waste and faecal sludge in the ratios of 3/5 (V1), and a mixture of faecal sludge and household waste in the ratio of 3/5 with 900 worms (V2). At the end of the composting process, V1, V2 composts and the poultry manure (PM) were applied at rates of 4, 5 and 6 t∙ha−1 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected before and after the experiment and analyzed. The main results revealed that at the end of the composting process, there was a progressive improvement in the physico-chemical properties of V1 and V2 composts. In particular, the C/N ratio, phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (TN) initially at 16.49 ± 0.42 (V1, V2), 21.06 ± 0.07 mg∙kg−1 (V1, V2), 0.76% ± 0.08% (V1, V2) respectively, increased after 60 days to 12.40 ± 0.41 (V1), 9.74 ± 0.28 (V2) for C/N, 21.94 ± 0.63 mg∙kg−1 (V1) and 22.04 ± 0.04 mg∙kg−1 (V2) for P, 0.96% ± 0.0% (V1) and 1.22 ± 0.04 (V2) for TN. The application of 6 t∙ha−1of PM had the greatest influence on the diameter and weight of the flower heads (27.16 ± 4.01 t∙ha−1 and 230.83 ± 2.64 t∙ha−1), while 4 t∙ha−1 of V2 gave the tallest sunflower plants (110.07 ± 73.28 cm) as well as the diameter at the crown (19.30 ± 9.07 cm). However, CEC was most influenced by 4 t∙ha−1 of V1, while 4 t∙ha−1 of PM had the greatest effect on organic carbon and phosphorus. However, 5 t∙ha−1 of PM showed the highest sunflower production and yield (1.67 ± 0.21 t∙ha−1). The combination with 900 earthworms is recommended for composting and 5 t∙ha−1 of PM is recommended to obtain a better sunfl

关键词： Sunflower Faecal Sludge Household Waste Compost Soil Fertility

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Revaluation of deuterostome phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among chordate subphyla using mitogenome data

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第3期36卷 151-160页

作者： emmanuel Mukwaya Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems School of Life SciencesXiamen University

The traditional knowledge in textbooks indicated that cephalochordates were the closest relatives to vertebrates among all extant organisms. However, this opinion was challenged by several recent phylogenetic studies using hundreds of nuclear genes. The researchers suggested that urochordates, but not cephalochordates, should be the closest living relatives to vertebrates. In the present study, by using data generated from hundreds of mtDNA sequences, we revalue the deuterostome phylogeny in terms of whole mitochondrial genomes （mitogenomes）. Our results firmly demonstrate that each of extant deuterostome phyla and chordate subphyla is monophyletic. But the results present several alternative phylogenetic trees depending on different sequence datasets used in the analysis. Although no clear phylogenetic relationships are obtained, those trees indicate that the ancient common ancestor diversified rapidly soon after their appearance in the early Cambrian and generated all major deuterostome lineages during a short historical period, which is consistent with ＂Cambrian explosion＂ revealed by paleontologists. It was the 520-million-year＇s evolution that obscured the phylogenetic relationships of extant deuterostomes. Thus, we conclude that an integrative analysis approach rather than simply using more DNA sequences should be employed to address the distant evolutionary relationship.

关键词： mitochondrial genome deuterostomes phylogeny gene arrangement chordate evolutionary relationship amphioxus

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Heterosis and combining ability in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 150-157页

作者： Chikezie Onuora Ene Peter Ejimofor Ogbonna Christian Ugwu Agbo uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi Department of Crop Science University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria

The objective of this work was to evaluate four parental lines of cucumber which included:‘Zeina’(Zna),‘Beit Alpha’(BA),‘Straight 8’(Strght 8)and‘Calypso’(Capso)and six F1s generated by diallel cross,using randomized complete block design with three replications to study heterosis and combining ability for yield and yield component *** heterosis showed that cross‘ZnaCapso’had the highest Better Parent(BP)heterosis in total fruit yield/ha while‘BACapso’had the highest Mid Parent(MP)heterosis in the same *** general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining ability variances were obtained in all the traits implying that both the additive and non-additive gene effects operated in the genetic expression of the *** magnitude of GCA and SCA variances indicated preponderance of additive gene action for all the traits.‘Beit Alpha’and‘Straight 8’are best general combiners while‘BACapso’and‘CapsoStrght 8’were the best specific combiners for total fruit yield.

关键词： Cucumber Hybrid vigour Half diallel crosses GCA SCA

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Assessment of Axial Power Peaking Factors in GHARR-1 LEU Core: A Decadal Simulation Analysis

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology（核科学与技术国际期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： emmanuel Kwame Ahiave emmanuel Ampomah-Amoako Rex Gyeabour Abrefah Mathew Asamoah

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新型多孔材料在黄酮类样品分离检测前处理中的研究进展

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生物加工过程 2024年第4期22卷 367-377页

作者：赵睿 Vangu Kambu emmanuel 王凤寰白雪妍杨文慧杨鹏颜北京工商大学轻工科学技术学院北京100048

黄酮类化合物是一类具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护、抗癌、抗菌和抗病毒等多种功效的天然产物,在医药、食品以及化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,该类物质往往具有相似的结构,且在天然植物中的含量较低,所以其分离和鉴定难度较大。因此... 详细信息

黄酮类化合物是一类具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护、抗癌、抗菌和抗病毒等多种功效的天然产物,在医药、食品以及化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,该类物质往往具有相似的结构,且在天然植物中的含量较低,所以其分离和鉴定难度较大。因此,如何获得高纯度的黄酮类化合物产品是该领域研究的热点问题。近年来,金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料和共价有机骨架(COFs)材料所代表的新型多孔材料(POFs)由于具有超高的比表面积以及优异的孔结构特性越来越受到研究者们的重视,在样品前处理及色谱分离中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了MOFs及COFs作为分离材料在样品前处理和分离检测黄酮类化合物方面的研究进展,重点探讨2种POFs材料的结构特点和分离特性,并对其应用前景进行展望,以期为开发新型MOFs和COFs用于天然产物的分离纯化研究提供参考。

关键词：黄酮类化合物金属有机骨架材料共价有机骨架材料色谱分离样品前处理

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Severe asthma exacerbation:Changes in patient characteristics,management,and outcomes from 1997 to 2016 in 40 ICUs in the greater Paris area

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 209-215页

作者： Romy Younan Jean Loup Augy Bertrand Hermann Bertrand Guidet Philippe Aegerter emmanuel Guerot Ana Novara Caroline Hauw-Berlemont Amer Hamdan Clotilde Bailleul Francesca Santi Jean-Luc Diehl Nicolas Peron Nadia Aissaoui Intensive Care Unit AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit AP-HPSaint Antoine HospitalUniversités de SorbonneUniversitéPierre et Marie CurieParisFrance INSERM U1136 ParisFrance Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University INSERM U1018Groupe Interrégional de Recherche Clinique et d'InnovationÎle-de-FranceFrance Respiratory Medicine Department AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis INSERM UMR-S1140Universitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit and Biosurgical Research Lab(Carpentier Foundation) AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalParisFrance Paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center INSERM U970ParisFrance

Background Despite advances in asthma treatments,severe asthma exacerbation(SAE)remains a life-threatening condition in adults,and there is a lack of data derived from adult patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs)for *** current study investigated changes in adult patient characteristics,management,and outcomes of SAE over a 20-year period in 40 ICUs in the greater Paris *** In this retrospective observational study,admissions to 40 ICUs in the greater Paris area for SAE from January 1,1997,to December 31,2016 were *** primary outcome was the proportion of ICU admissions for SAE during 5-year *** outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality,and the use of mechanical ventilation and *** analysis was performed to assess factors associated with ICU *** A total of 7049 admissions for SAE were *** each 5-year period,the proportion decreased over time,with SAE accounting for 2.84%of total ICU admissions(n=2841)between 1997 and 2001,1.76%(n=1717)between 2002 and 2006,1.05%(n=965)between 2007 and 2011,and 1.05%(n=1526)between 2012 and *** median age was 46 years(interquartile range[IQR]:32–59 years),55.41%were female,the median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 20(IQR:13–28),and 19.76%had mechanical *** use of mechanical ventilation remained infrequent throughout the 20-year period,whereas the use of catecholamine *** and hospital mortality rates *** associated with ICU mortality were renal replacement therapy,catecholamine,cardiac arrest,pneumothorax,acute respiratory distress syndrome,sepsis,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Non-survivors were older,had more severe symptoms,and were more likely to have received *** ICU admission for SAE remains uncommon,and the proportion of cases decreased over *** a slight increase in symptom severity during a 20-year period,ICU and hospital mortality *** requirin

关键词： Epidemiology Intensive care unit Mechanical ventilation Severe asthma exacerbation

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Physico-chemical characterization of a farmland affected by wastewater in relation to heavy metals

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第3期9卷 366-372页

作者： emmanuel U. ONWEREMADU Department of Soil Science and Technology Federal University of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri Nigeria

This study investigated selected properties of soils affected by wastewater and its relationship with some heavy metals. A free survey technique involving target sampling was used in siting soil profile pits. Soil samples were collected based on horizon differentiation and analyzed using routine and special analytical techniques. Soil data were subjected to correlation analysis using SAS program. Results show that all heavy metals studied had values above critical limits in the polluted soils using known standards and that these biotoxic metals decreased with soil depths. Highly significant (P=0.01 and 0.05) relationships were established between investigated heavy metals and some soil properties, especially soil pH and organic matter. Further studies involving more edaphic properties, biotoxic metals and their bioaccessibility in crops growing on wastewater soils will surely enhance knowledge and management of these highly anthropogenically influenced soils of the study site.

关键词： Bioavailability Characterization Heavy metals Soil pollution Wastewater

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Blockchain-Based System for Secure and Efficient Cross-Border Remittances: A Potential Alternative to SWIFT

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第8期17卷 664-712页

作者： Omoshola S. Owolabi emmanuel Hinneh Prince C. Uche Nathaniel T. Adeniken Jennifer A. Ohaegbulem Samuel Attakorah Oluwabukola G. Emi-Johnson Chinaza S. Belolisa Harold Nwariaku Department of Data Science Carolina University Winston Salem NC USA Patterson School of Business Carolina University Winston Salem NC USA Department of Statistical Sciences Wake Forest University Winston Salem NC USA Department of Computer Science Fisk University Nashville TN USA Harold & Co Procurement and Supply Chain Consulting Lagos Nigeria

This paper proposes a blockchain-based system as a secure, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to SWIFT for cross-border remittances. The current SWIFT system faces challenges, including slow settlement times, high transaction costs, and vulnerability to fraud. Leveraging blockchain technology’s decentralized, transparent, and immutable nature, the proposed system aims to address these limitations. Key features include modular architecture, implementation of microservices, and advanced cryptographic protocols. The system incorporates Proof of Stake consensus with BLS signatures, smart contract execution with dynamic pricing, and a decentralized oracle network for currency conversion. A sophisticated risk-based authentication system utilizes Bayesian networks and machine learning for enhanced security. Mathematical models are presented for critical components, including transaction validation, currency conversion, and regulatory compliance. Simulations demonstrate potential improvements in transaction speed and costs. However, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, user adoption, scalability, and integration with legacy systems must be addressed. The paper provides a comparative analysis between the proposed blockchain system and SWIFT, highlighting advantages in transaction speed, costs, and security. Mitigation strategies are proposed for key challenges. Recommendations are made for further research into scaling solutions, regulatory frameworks, and user-centric designs. The adoption of blockchain-based remittances could significantly impact the financial sector, potentially disrupting traditional models and promoting financial inclusion in underserved markets. However, successful implementation will require collaboration between blockchain innovators, financial institutions, and regulators to create an enabling environment for this transformative system.

关键词： Interoperability Tokens AML/KYC Compliance Peer-to-Peer Transfers Financial Inclusion

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