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Africa or Morocco?A Historical Perspective on the Resolution of the Contrived Stalemate over the Western Sahara Decolonization Process

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2015年第2期9卷 98-120,I0005页

作者： emmanuel nwafor mordi Department of History&International Studies Delta State UniversityNigeria

The stalemated decolonization process in Africa’s last colony,Western Sahara,was investigated in its historical *** the critical-analytic methodology of contemporary history and examining available sources on the subject,the paper posits the Saharawi right to self-determination and independence,within the framework of the UN Charter as a non-self-governing territory which is not in *** concludes that the stalemate is Morocco’s contrivance to further its dream of a“Greater Morocco”,and that the reactivation of Saharawi armed struggle,complemented with diplomatic efforts under the strategic leadership of the African Union,would present the United Nations with a choice between Africa and Morocco,and reinvest the world body with the political will for its early resolution.

关键词： Decolonization Process Greater Morocco Strategy Diplomatic Solidarity Contemporary History African Nationalism Maghreb Studies

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Validation of the clinical tuberculosis screening algorithm used in Nigerian national tuberculosis control programme for screening people living with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： emmanuel N. Aguwa Chika N. Onwasigwe Joseph N. Chukwu Daniel C. Oshi Charles C. nwafor Babatunde I. Omotowo Anne C. Ndu Anthony O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme Nwachukwu C. Ugwunna Moses C. Anyim Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Background: In high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis diagnosis is challenging. Some countries hence use clinical algorithms to screen for tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the national algorithm for clinical tuberculosis screening of persons living with HIV who attend comprehensive HIV clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of PLHIV who presented with cough of at least 2 weeks duration between 2009 and 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtained from the participants. Results: Three hundred and twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males and 166 (53.2%) females. Only 55 (17.6%) of the participants had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), night sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), anorexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain (c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessness (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were not significant in PLHWA with/without pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, fever, night sweat and weight loss combined gave a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.3% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Conclusion: Findings suggest that though national screening algorithm is a valid tool to screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV, it will lead to many false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screening Tool Validation

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Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Surface Temperature Condition of Awka Town, Nigeria

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2017年第6期9卷 763-776页

作者： Chukwudi P. Nzoiwu emmanuel I. Agulue Samuel Mbah Chidera P. Igboanugo Department of Geography and Meteorology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geography Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe Nigeria

This paper is aimed at identifying the land use/cover types in Awka in relation to their temporal dynamics, the extent of land use change in the city and effects of land use change on surface temperature. Multitemporal Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI imageries were obtained at 15 years interval for 1986, 2000 and 2015 respectively. Image classification was conducted using supervised classification method. The result showed that built-up area has been on the increase, expanding from 9.55 sqkm in 1986 to 21.3 sqkm in 2000 and 21.45 sqkm in 2015. Cultivated lands have maintained a steady decline since 2000 having lost about 3.29 sqkm of its area. Similarly, vegetation, made up of dense, savanna and riparian, has been on a decline from a total of 33.69sqkm in 1986 to 21.407 sqkm losing about 12.29 sqkm of its area and increased by a mere 4.07 sqkm in 2015. These alterations had given rise to an average increase of 2.2°C in surface radiant temperature. This study recommends that relevant government planning agencies (ACTDA, ASHDC, etc.) should factor in the concept of greening and green spaces into their development policies and strategies to ensure that fair, conducive microclimate and sustainable environment is maintained in the Awka urban area.

关键词： Landsat Land Use/Cover Supervised Classification Multitemporal Land Surface Temperature

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