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Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 274-291页

作者： Prince emmanuel Norman Lansana Kamara Aloysius Beah Kelvin Sahr Gborie Francess Sia Saquee Sheku Alfred Kanu Fayia Augustine Kassoh Yvonne Sylvia Gloria Ethel Norman Abdul Salaam Kargbo Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) Freetown Sierra Leone School of Agriculture Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Agro Biotechnology Institute of Agriculture RUDN University Moscow Russia Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone

This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha−1) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p −1 plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha−1 and 2098 kg∙ha−1, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p N (41.3 kg grain kg−1∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg−1∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha−1 plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL−1 spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha−1. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fe

关键词： Nitrogen Rates Genetic and Agronomic Estimates Introduced Genotypes Grain Yield Zea mays

Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

Effect of Different Rates and Mixtures of Solid Household Waste and Faecal Sludge-Based Composts on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Dschang, West Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第7期14卷 448-470页

作者： Romary Ngnipa Tchinda Rodrigue emmanuel Kenne Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Jovanie Gladys Kenfack Doris Temgoua Zombou Désiré Évariste Moundjeu Tsafack Richard Tanwi Ghogomu Emile Temgoua Dieudonné Bitom Oyono Department of Environmental Sciences of the Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and the Environment of the University of Bertoua Blabo Cameroon Department of Soil Science Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Research Unit Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

The unbalanced and inadequate use of fertilizers is one of the causes of soil degradation. Combined with the ever-increasing population, it is necessary to find sustainable agricultural production alternatives. The present work aims to determine the effect of different rates and mixtutes of organic amendments on soil fertility and the performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In the field, treatments consisted of solid household waste and faecal sludge in the ratios of 3/5 (V1), and a mixture of faecal sludge and household waste in the ratio of 3/5 with 900 worms (V2). At the end of the composting process, V1, V2 composts and the poultry manure (PM) were applied at rates of 4, 5 and 6 t∙ha−1 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected before and after the experiment and analyzed. The main results revealed that at the end of the composting process, there was a progressive improvement in the physico-chemical properties of V1 and V2 composts. In particular, the C/N ratio, phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (TN) initially at 16.49 ± 0.42 (V1, V2), 21.06 ± 0.07 mg∙kg−1 (V1, V2), 0.76% ± 0.08% (V1, V2) respectively, increased after 60 days to 12.40 ± 0.41 (V1), 9.74 ± 0.28 (V2) for C/N, 21.94 ± 0.63 mg∙kg−1 (V1) and 22.04 ± 0.04 mg∙kg−1 (V2) for P, 0.96% ± 0.0% (V1) and 1.22 ± 0.04 (V2) for TN. The application of 6 t∙ha−1of PM had the greatest influence on the diameter and weight of the flower heads (27.16 ± 4.01 t∙ha−1 and 230.83 ± 2.64 t∙ha−1), while 4 t∙ha−1 of V2 gave the tallest sunflower plants (110.07 ± 73.28 cm) as well as the diameter at the crown (19.30 ± 9.07 cm). However, CEC was most influenced by 4 t∙ha−1 of V1, while 4 t∙ha−1 of PM had the greatest effect on organic carbon and phosphorus. However, 5 t∙ha−1 of PM showed the highest sunflower production and yield (1.67 ± 0.21 t∙ha−1). The combination with 900 earthworms is recommended for composting and 5 t∙ha−1 of PM is recommended to obtain a better sunfl

关键词： Sunflower Faecal Sludge Household Waste Compost Soil Fertility

新型多孔材料在黄酮类样品分离检测前处理中的研究进展

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生物加工过程 2024年第4期22卷 367-377页

作者：赵睿 Vangu Kambu emmanuel 王凤寰白雪妍杨文慧杨鹏颜北京工商大学轻工科学技术学院北京100048

黄酮类化合物是一类具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护、抗癌、抗菌和抗病毒等多种功效的天然产物,在医药、食品以及化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,该类物质往往具有相似的结构,且在天然植物中的含量较低,所以其分离和鉴定难度较大。因此... 详细信息

黄酮类化合物是一类具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护、抗癌、抗菌和抗病毒等多种功效的天然产物,在医药、食品以及化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,该类物质往往具有相似的结构,且在天然植物中的含量较低,所以其分离和鉴定难度较大。因此,如何获得高纯度的黄酮类化合物产品是该领域研究的热点问题。近年来,金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料和共价有机骨架(COFs)材料所代表的新型多孔材料(POFs)由于具有超高的比表面积以及优异的孔结构特性越来越受到研究者们的重视,在样品前处理及色谱分离中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了MOFs及COFs作为分离材料在样品前处理和分离检测黄酮类化合物方面的研究进展,重点探讨2种POFs材料的结构特点和分离特性,并对其应用前景进行展望,以期为开发新型MOFs和COFs用于天然产物的分离纯化研究提供参考。

关键词：黄酮类化合物金属有机骨架材料共价有机骨架材料色谱分离样品前处理

Standardizing MI-TLIF, a Proposal for a Reproducible Technique

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 91-103页

作者： Iván Ulises Sámano López Jesús Alberto Pérez Contreras emmanuel Cantú Chávez Diana Chávez Lizárraga Ana Sofía Peña Blesa Thania Karina Gutiérrez Anchondo Á ngeles Pedregal Ciudad de México México

Background: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI TLIF) is a widely known and performed technique, however its versatility among different physicians continues to hinder its replication and results. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a step-by-step surgical guide to perform a safe MI-TLIF, based on the results obtained in patients operated on by a single surgeon over a period of 12 years. Patients and methods: A retrospective, single center, longitudinal, and observational cohort study was conducted with 931 patients who underwent MI TLIF by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2022 using the technique described on this paper, each with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Criteria included Schizas classification, listhesis according to Meyerding classification, number of levels treated, cage size, and complications (screw repositioning or cerebrospinal fluid leak). Patient clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pre- and postoperative radicular pain. Thin slice CT scans were used to assess the progression of the fusion using the Bridwell classification. In the statistical analysis, percentages, median, and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. Results: Nine hundred and thirty one patients underwent MI TLIF using the technique described, eight hundred and eighty (94.5%) had a single level treated and fifty one (5.5%) had a 2 level procedure (982 levels), an 8mm cage was placed on five hundred and seventeenlevels (52.7%), six hundred and sixty three levels(67.6%) achieved grade I fusion, two hundred and sixty six levels (27.1%) achieved grade II fusion, 52 levels (5.3) achieved grade III fusion and one level (0.1) achieved a grade IV fusion or non-union. Revision surgery was performed on 3 patients (0.3%) for screw repositioning, cerebrospinal fluid leak was present on 2 patients during surgery and treated before closure. VAS scores and ODI were improved at 12 months postop (V

关键词： MITLIF Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique Pain Relief and Disability

基于数字孪生技术的往复式空气压缩机效率预测方法研究

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兰州理工大学学报 2024年第1期50卷 48-52页

作者：余建平胡爽刘兴旺田有文仇宏伟 AKOTO emmanuel 兰州理工大学石油化工学院甘肃兰州730050

通过建立往复式空气压缩机数字孪生体模型,实现压缩机效率预测和参数寻优的方法,具有灵活、成本低、通用性好的优势.但是在多变量条件下,传统的基于BP神经网络孪生模型训练时间长、工作量大,寻优过程易陷入局部最优解,不易实现全局最优... 详细信息

通过建立往复式空气压缩机数字孪生体模型,实现压缩机效率预测和参数寻优的方法,具有灵活、成本低、通用性好的优势.但是在多变量条件下,传统的基于BP神经网络孪生模型训练时间长、工作量大,寻优过程易陷入局部最优解,不易实现全局最优.针对传统孪生体模型存在的问题,提出了基于CIWOA-BPNN算法的孪生体模型构建方法,通过主成分分析法确定孪生体模型关键指标,在BPNN模型基础之上引入改进的鲸鱼优化算法.研究表明,基于CIWOA-BPNN算法的孪生体模型有效避免了BPNN模型陷入局部最优解.用CIWOA-BPNN算法预测压缩机效率相对误差小于0.6%,决定系数为0.99775,与传统模型相比大幅提升了预测精度.

关键词：往复式空气压缩机效率 BP神经网络改进的鲸鱼优化算法

Biological Profile and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients Receiving Neuroleptics at the Psychiatric Department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 33-42页

作者： Landry Martial Miguel Paul Gandou Justecidi Kiang Choupette Ravelle Dobhat-Doukakini Didier Gesril Njilo Tchatchouang Childerick Lekana Destin Mbemba Bahamboula Archange emmanuel Mboungou Malonga Donatien Moukassa Alain Maxime Mouanga Ange Antoine Abena Biochemical and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Psychiatric Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Biological Sciences Dnis Sassou-NGuesso University Kintl Republic of Congo

Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological profile of patients taking neuroleptics and followed in the psychiatry department of Brazzaville University Hospital, from the angle of cardiovascular risk. Fifty (50) patients (17 men and 33 women), with a mean age of 33.9 10.7 years, were included. Epidemiological data (sex, age, tobacco or alcohol consumption) were collected on pre-established survey forms. Biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides and atherogenicity index) and inflammatory parameters (ultra-sensitive CRP, troponin I and NT-ProBNP) were investigated using enzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence technical, respectively. The results obtained showed that 54% of patients were obese, 94% were non-smokers, and 12% had high blood pressure. 10% of patients had high total cholesterol levels and 90% had HDL cholesterol levels below 60 mg/dl. Triglycerides and atherogenicity index were significantly elevated in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Ultrasensitive CRP was elevated in 38% of patients. In conclusion, this study revealed an association between lipid parameters (triglycerides and atherogenicity index) in relation to BMI in patients taking neuroleptics followed in the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.

关键词： Neuroleptic Cardiovascular Risk Psychiatry Brazzaville

Academic Stress Assessment Using Virtual Reality as an Educational Tool in Spine Surgery

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 114-123页

作者： Diana Chávez Lizárraga Jesús Alberto Pérez Contreras Fernando Alvarado Gómez Evelyn Quintero Medina emmanuel Cantú Chávez Iván Ulises Sámano López Ana Sofía Peña Blesa Department of Neurosurgery ángeles Pedregal Ciudad de México México Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital Santa Fe Bogotá Colombia

Introduction: The evaluation of academic stress in medical students and residents is a topic of significant interest, given the considerable challenges they face during their learning process with traditional teaching methods. The use of technologies like virtual reality presents an opportunity to enhance their skills through simulations and training. The main objective of this study is to qualitatively assess the stress levels experienced by medical students and residents by integrating virtual reality into their current learning methods, aiming to improve their ability to manage stressors in their practice. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted with 12 medical students and 12 Traumatology and orthopedics residents. The purpose of the questionnaire was to evaluate the levels of academic stress using the SISCO inventory. The stress levels were calculated by transforming average values into percentages, and the following criteria were assigned: 0 to 33% for Mild Stress, 34 to 66% for Moderate Stress, and 67 to 100% for Deep Stress. Then, a virtual reality class focused on spine surgery was provided. Both medical students and residents were trained using the Non Nocere SharpSurgeon software platform and Oculus Quest 2 virtual reality glasses. At the end of the session, a second questionnaire related to the practice with virtual reality was conducted with the same evaluation criteria and a comparative analysis was carried out. Results: 12 undergraduate students from Hospital Angeles Mexico, CDMX and 12 traumatology and orthopedics residents at Hospital Santa Fe, Bogota were evaluated. The students in CDMX reported an average qualitative stress of 28.50% during habitual practices, which decreased to an average of 14.67% after virtual reality practice. Residents in Bogotá experienced an average qualitative stress of 30.50% with their current learning methods but this reduced to an average of 13.92% after using virtual reality. These findings indicate that t

关键词： Virtual Reality Academic Stress Learning Strategies Spine Surgery Training

Natural and modified food hydrocolloids as gluten replacement in baked foods:Functional benefits

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2023年第4期6卷 163-171页

作者： emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi Yunus Temitayo Imam emmanuel Oladipo Ajani emmanuel Oladeji Alamu Department of Biochemistry Kwara State UniversityMaletePMB 1530IlorinNigeria Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory International Institute of Tropical AgriculturePMB 5320Oyo RoadIbadanOyo StateNigeria Food and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory International Institute of Tropical AgricultureSouthern AfricaResearch and Administration Hub(SARAH)Campus PO Box 310142ChelstoneLusaka 10101Zambia

Gluten,the protein responsible for the superior viscoelastic properties of refined wheat flour dough over glutenfree cereals,causes celiac disease in people susceptible to ***,the sustainability of using wheat flour in baked foods is threatened by its high cost,especially in countries that depend on imported wheat for their bakery *** has shown that hydrocolloids serve as gluten replacements in baked foods,in response to these *** hydrocolloids are a class of high-molecular weight polysaccharides and proteins,which serve as functional ingredients in the food industry that modify the foods’rheological and textural *** function as stabilizers,viscosity modifiers,gelling agents,water binders,fibres,and inhibitors of ice crystal in ***,food hydrocolloids have also been reported to possess health-promoting properties,such as lowering of postprandial blood glucose and plasma cholesterol concentrations,colon cancer prevention,and modulation of intestinal transit and *** are obtained from plants,animals or microorganisms,and can be used in their natural or modified *** aim of this paper is to review the functional benefits of natural and modified hydrocolloids as gluten replacements in baked foods,emphasizing their physicochemical,nutraceutical,and sensorial *** application effects of food hydrocolloids as gluten substitutes in gluten-free baked products’quality were ***,some practical approaches to improve the quality of gluten-free baked products,in response to an increasing consumers’demand and the rising cost of refined wheat flour were highlighted.

关键词： Food hydrocolloids Baked food Functional importance Gluten-free food Nutraceutical benefits Sensory quality