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Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Central African Republic Children: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 332-346页

作者： Jean Chrysostome Gody Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem Ghislain Franck Houndjahoue Vanessa Iris Gaspiet Sonny Mario Giobbia Pierpaolo Grisetti Cristina Ceresoli Deborah Nguimba Raffaella Marino Sandra Garba Ouangole Wasianga Kendewa Festus Regis Mbrenga Evodie Pierrette Kakouguere Ida Maxime Kangale-Wando emmanuel Nakoune Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB) Bangui Central African Republic Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FACSS) Université de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Médecins avec l’Afrique CUAMM International NGO Padova Italy Associazione Amici Per Il Centrafrica ODV Limido Comasco Italy Institut Pasteur de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. Objectives: To identify the respiratory viruses circulating in Central African children before the SARS-COV2 pandemic and to assess the clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study, run from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Children aged 28 days to 15 year-old, with respiratory symptoms ≤10 days had been included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and sent to the Institute Pasteur in Bangui (WHO National Referral Center for influenza). Virus research was done by cell and molecular culture techniques. Data were recorded and processed with Access 2019 software, then analyzed with STATA version 14 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used to compare proportions at the p 0.05 threshold. Results: Out of 659 children included during the study period, viruses were identified in 231 children, for an overall positivity rate of 35.05% (231/659). Rhinoviruses (RV) and influenza viruses were found in 66.23% and 16.88% respectively. Virus-virus co-infections were found in 10 (10/231) children (4.32%). Children under 5 years of age were more represented (78.60%). The main reasons for consultation were: fever (96.20%), cough (95.45%), runny nose (78.5%), and breathing difficulty (30.50%). ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) was found in 71.02% versus 28.98% of SARI (Severe Acute Respiratory Infection). There was a statistically significant association between age 5 years and severity of acute respiratory infection (p = 0.001). The outcome was known for the 122 children at the CHUPB site with a mortality rate of 17.21% (n = 21). Conclusion: Viral ARI is common in children in Central African Republic. Care givers should think about it in order to reduce the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics.

关键词： Acute Respiratory Infections Virus Children Central African Republic

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Influence of the Deep Cryogenic Treatment at the Stabilization of Martensitic Transformation Temperatures at the Smart Material Alloy Cu-14Al-4Ni

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2020年第2期10卷 60-64页

作者： emmanuel Pacheco Rocha Lima Marcelo Nava Pedro Cunha de Lima Faculdade do Gama Universidade de BrasíliaGama 72444-240Brasil

DCT(deep cryogenic treatment)is commonly used in industry to improve the wear resistance characteristics of steels,***,there are just a few researches about the effects on non-ferrous *** purpose of this work was to investigate how DCT affects the properties of Cu-14Al-4Ni alloy treated at different soak time and submitted to thermomechanical cycling.A comparative experimental analysis was performed of the thermal properties of alloys obtained on a vacuum furnace,treated by DCT and thermomechanically *** results indicates that thermomechanical cycling promoted the appearance and growth of the martensitic phaseγ'1,less ductile than the martensitic phaseβ'1,which together with the induced hardening produced an increase in transformation temperatures and *** higher the number of cycles,the greater these *** DCT promoted an increase in the intensity of the diffraction peaks corresponding to the phaseβ'1 and the maintenance of them during the thermomechanical cycling of the material,which indicates that the DCT stabilizes the martensitic phaseβ'1 and,consequently,caused a reduction and stabilization of the martensitic transformation temperatures and the microhardness,when compared to the untreated *** longer the soaking time of DCT,the greater these effects.

关键词： DCT SMA(shape memory alloy) Cu-Al-Ni alloy

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Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2023年第6期13卷 247-255页

作者： Arnaud Kouraogo Fabienne Soudre Caroline Yonaba Okengo Faouziatou Yagui Angele Kalmogho Ghislaine Yameogo Alice Kiba Raoul Karfo Ollo Da emmanuel Zongo Cherileila Thiombiano Fatou Gueye Tall Abdoul Salam Ouédraogo Sanata Bamba Georges Anicet Ouédraogo Elie Kabré Fla Koueta Jean Sakande Biochemistry Laboratory of Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Nazi Boni University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m2. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.

关键词： Severe Wasting Emaciation Infants over 6 - 24 Months Blood Ionogram Burkina Faso

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High Risk Factors of Pancreatic Carcinoma

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2016年第3期36卷 295-304页

作者： Soriba Naby Camara 殷涛杨明李响龚琼周静赵刚杨智勇 Tajoo Aroun Martin Kuete Sonam Ramdany Alpha Kabinet Camara Aissatou Taran Diallo 冯珍宁辛熊炯新陶京钦琪周伟崔静黄敏郭尧勾善淼王博刘涛 Ohoya Etsaka Terence Olivier Tenin Conde Mohamed Cisse Aboubacar Sidiki Magassouba Sneha Ballah Naby Laye Moussa Keita Ibrahima Sory Souare Aboubacar Toure Sadamoudou Traore Abdoulaye Korse Balde Namory Keita Naby Daouda Camara Dusabe emmanuel 吴河水王春友 Department of General Surgery Pancreatic disease InstituteUnion Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Breast and.Thyroid Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Planning Family and Reproductive Institute Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of General Medicine Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital of PamplemoussesMauritius 21017Mauritius Department of Thoracic Surgery Friendship Hospital Sino-Guinea of Kipe Department of General Surgery National Hospital of Ignace DeenConakry 1147Guinea Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Dermatology Friendship Hospital Sino-Guinea of Kipe Department of Internal Medicine Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Biochemistry University Gamal Abdel Nasser of ConakryConakryl147Guinea Department of Neurosurgery Friendship Hospital Sino-Guinea of Kipe Department of Medical Imaging Good Shepherd Medical CenterThe University of TexasLongview 75601USA Department of Visceral Surgery National Hospital of Donka Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics National Hospital of Donka Department of Stomatology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer（PC） is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide info.mation for clinicians and epidemiologists.

关键词： high risk factors pancreatic cancer treatment epidemiology pathogenesis etiology

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Profile of Geriatric Trauma in a Developing Country

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第9期10卷 132-147页

作者： Udo E. Anyaehie Osita Ede Obiora N. Muoghalu Gabriel O. Eyichukwu emmanuel O. Agbo Erutase D. Ubiomo Nnamdi C. Ofodile Chidinma L. Ngwangwa Babatunde O. Ojus Solomon O. Anigbamkpu Cyprian C. Nganwuchu Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Orthopaedics Cedarcrest Hospital Abuja Nigeria Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Geriatric trauma patients require special consideration. They frequently have comorbidities and reduced physiologic reserves, influencing treatment decisions and outcomes. Hence, a comprehensive approach is fundamental to ensure better results. The authors retrospectively evaluated the profile of 332 cases of geriatric trauma over ten years (January 2010-December 2019) at National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, in South-East Nigeria. The mean age of patients was 74.78 years (SD = 8.69), with females presenting at a later age than men (76.05 vs 73.69 years), p = 0.013. The commonest mechanism of injury was ground-level fall (47.59%), with proximal femoral fractures being the most common (41.27%). Only 47% of geriatric patients presented to a hospital within 24 hours following injury, and the mean duration of admission was 28 days. Approximately 77% of patients had operative care, and 68.67% expressed satisfaction with the outcome of their management. The mortality rate was 2.11%. In conclusion, most geriatric fractures require surgical intervention and education to facilitate early hospital presentation is needed.

关键词： Geriatric Trauma Developing Country

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Peroral endoscopic reduction of dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis after bariatric surgery: Techniques and efficacy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第4期8卷 239-243页

作者： Kinesh Changela emmanuel Ofori Sushil Duddempudi Sury Anand Shashideep Singhal Division of Gastroenterology the Brooklyn Hospital Center-Clinical Affiliate of Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

AIM: To investigate the techniques and efficacy of peroral endoscopic reduction of dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis after bariatric ***: An extensive English language literature search was conducted using Pub Med, MEDLINE, Medscape and Google to identify peer-reviewed original and review articles using the keywords "bariatric endoscopic suturing", "overstitch bariatric surgery", "endoscopic anastomotic reduction", "bariatric surgery", "gastric bypass", "obesity", "weight loss". We identified articles describing technical feasibility, safety, efficacy, and adverse outcomes of overstitch endoscopic suturing system for transoral outlet reduction in patients with weight regain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB). All studies that contained material applicable to the topic were considered. Retrieved peer-reviewed original and review articles were reviewed by the authors and the data extracted using a standardized collection tool. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis as percentages of the event. RESULTS: Four original published articles which met our search criteria were pooled. The total number cases were fifty-nine with a mean age of 46.75 years(34-63 years). Eight of the patients included in those studies were males(13.6%) and fifty-one were females(86.4%). The mean time elapsed since the primary bypass surgery was 5.75 years. The average pre-endoscopic procedure body mass index(BMI) was 38.68(27.5-48.5). Mean body weight regained post-RYGB surgery was 13.4 kg from their post-RYGB nadir. The average pouch length at the initial upper endoscopy was 5.75 cm(2-14 cm). The pre-intervention anastomotic diameter was averaged at 24.85 mm(8-40 mm). Average procedure time was 74 min(50-164 min). Mean post endoscopic intervention anastomotic diameter was 8 mm(3-15 mm). Weight reduction at 3 to 4 mo post revision noted to be anaverage of 10.1 kg. Average overall post revision BMI was recorded at 37.7. The combined technical and clinical success rate was

关键词： Endoscopic anastomosis reduction Bariatricsurgery Endoscopic suturing EndoCinch Overstitchbariatric surgery

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Comparisson of Recrystallization Kinetics and Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2020年第2期10卷 76-80页

作者： Marcelo Nava emmanuel Pacheco Rocha Lima Pedro Cunha de Lima DETEC Instituto Federal de EducaçãoCiência e Tecnologia da BahiaBarreiras 47808-006Brasil

The non-ferrous SMAs(shape memory alloys)have,normally,two problems that hinder the use in industrial scale:the natural aging and grain *** first degrades the memory effect,while the second,observed during the alloy’s mechanical processing,modifies the phase transformation ***,the study of recrystallization kinetics is important for enabling the control of hardened state as a function of treatment time without allowing the exaggerated grain *** objective of this study is to determine the recrystallization kinetics in different SMAs(Cu-14Al-4Ni,Cu-12Al-0.5Be and Ni-42Ti),based on an empirical law of J-M-A(Johnson-Mehl-Avrami),as well as their activation energies for grain growth process according to the empirical Arrhenius *** evaluations of the grain growth kinetics over a wide range of indicated DSC(differential scanning calorimetry)temperatures have been *** results show that the alloy less susceptible to aging in temperatures below the recrystallization peak is the Ni-42Ti,because it presented the highest activation energy,followed by the *** equations that describe the recrystallization kinetics follow the empirical law of *** recrystallization kinetics accompanied by hardness variation was an important tool,working as an advisor for selection of treatment time as a function of temperature.

关键词： SMAs NiTi CuAlNi CuAlBe recrystallization kinetics grain growth

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Sub-chronic(Ninety Days)Toxicity Study of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Datura stramonium *** Rodents

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2023年第3期3卷 19-30页

作者： Abdullahi A.Murtala Oyinloye E.Oladapo Aderonke A.Aderionla Wasiu E.Olooto Oluwatosin O.Soyinka Royhan O.Folarin Farouk A.Oladoja Oluwatoyin O.Shonde Luqmon E.Osipitan emmanuel B.Adegbe Julius A.Abolarinwa Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesObafemi Awolowo College of Health SciencesOlabisi Onabanjo UniversitySagamu CampusOgun State 121102Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyOlabisi Onabanjo UniversitySagamu CampusOgun State 121102Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesObafemi Awolowo College of Health SciencesOlabisi Onabanjo UniversitySagamu CampusOgun State 121102Nigeria Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesObafemi Awolowo College of Health SciencesOlabisi Onabanjo UniversitySagamu CampusOgun State 121102Nigeria

Background:Phyto-medicine represents a vast pool of novel drug development,but understanding their safety requires elaborate,multifaceted approaches,including toxicity ***:This study investigated the effects of 90 days of oral administration of Datura stramonium(DSE)leaf extract in ***:In the oral acute toxicity study,mice were treated with a single oral gavage of DSE at 500,1000,and 2000 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po and observed for signs of acute toxicity for 14 *** the sub-chronic study,rats were randomized into four Groups(A-D).Group A received distilled water(10 mL·kg^(-1),po)while groups B-D received DSE(10,50 and 250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po,respectively)orally for 90 days *** were weighed weekly,with food and water measured daily and relevant parameters assayed at the end of the 90days ***:In acute toxicity studies,oral administration of up to 2 g·kg^(-1)/d,po of DSE did not elicit any semblance of toxicity or mortality within 24 h to 14 *** the 90days studies,DSE(250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)decreased the body weight,brain weight,and food intake in female ***(10-250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)increased the red blood cell(RBC),packed cell volume(PCV)and hemoglobin(Hb)in both ***(10-250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)increased the triglycerides(TG),cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein(LDL);and decreased HDL in both ***(10-250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)increased the white blood cells(WBC)and platelets in female ***(10-250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)decreased the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alanine transaminase(ALT)in both *** urea level was decreased in both ***(250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po)decreased male rats’serum sodium ion ***,brain,testes and kidney showed severe lesions at 250 mg·kg^(-1)/d,po of the ***:*** is safe on acute exposure and relatively safe on sub-chronic oral ***-ever,prolonged use,especially at high doses,could cause Liver,brain and kidney toxicities;and abnormal lipid m

关键词： Datura stramonium Phyto-medicine Acute toxicity Sub-chronic toxicity Liver enzymes

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Communities and service providers address access to perinatal care in postconflict Northern Uganda:socialising evidence for participatory action

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第2期9卷 1-10页

作者： Loubna Belaid Pamela Atim Eunice Atim emmanuel Ochola Martin Ogwang Pontius Bayo Janet Oola Isaac Wonyima Okello Ivan Sarmiento Laura Rojas-Rozo Kate Zinszer Christina Zarowsky Neil Andersson CIET/PRAM Family Medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada Public Health Gulu UniversityGuluUganda Maternal and child health Nwoya Health DistrictNwoyaUganda St Mary's Lacor Hospital GuluUganda Family Medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada Preventive and social medicine University of MontrealMontrealQuébecCanada Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades TropicalesAcapulcoMexico

Objectives Describe participatory codesign of interventions to improve access to perinatal care services in Northern *** design Mixed-methods participatory research to codesign increased access to perinatal *** cognitive mapping,focus groups and a household survey identified and documented the extent of obstructions to *** dialogue focused stakeholder discussions of this evidence to address the obstacles to *** significant change stories explored the participant experience of this *** Three parishes in Nwoya district in the Gulu region,Northern *** Purposively sampled groups of women,men,female youth,male youth,community health workers,traditional midwives and service *** of seven stakeholder categories included 5-8 participants in each of three *** Stakeholders identified several obstructions to accessing perinatal care:lack of savings in preparation for childbirth in facility costs,lack of male support and poor service provider *** suggested joining saving groups,practising saving money and income generation to address the short-term financial *** recommended increasing spousal awareness of perinatal care and they proposed improving service provider *** described their own improved care-seeking behaviour and patient-provider relationships as short-term gains of the *** Participatory service improvement is feasible and acceptable in postconflict settings like Northern *** communities in identifying perinatal service delivery issues and reflecting on local evidence about these issues generate workable community-led solutions and increases trust between community members and service providers.

关键词： service services action

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北京和巴黎社区获得性肺炎急诊治疗的比较

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中华急诊医学杂志 2006年第12期15卷 1118-1121页

作者：薛晓艳朱继红 Emanuel FIERE Jean-Louis POURRIAT 北京大学人民医院急诊科北京100044 Medical division of Total company Emergency department of Hotel-Dieu hospital

目的比较北京和巴黎社区获得性肺炎的急诊治疗情况。方法收集2003年10月1日至2004年9月30日北京大学人民医院急诊科和巴黎市中心H(?)tel-Dieu 医院急诊科的社区获得性肺炎患者病情和治疗方面的信息,通过Fine危险分层评估两组患者,并对... 详细信息

目的比较北京和巴黎社区获得性肺炎的急诊治疗情况。方法收集2003年10月1日至2004年9月30日北京大学人民医院急诊科和巴黎市中心H(?)tel-Dieu 医院急诊科的社区获得性肺炎患者病情和治疗方面的信息,通过Fine危险分层评估两组患者,并对治疗进行比较。结果(1)两组患者在五个 Fine分级中的分布差异没有统计学意义(P＞0．05),因此两组患者病情有可比性。(2)北京组患者和巴黎组相比,三代头孢类、碳青霉烯类等高级抗生素的用药比例高(P＜0．01),而青霉素和大环内酯类用药等基础药物的比例低(P＜0．01)；静脉用药比例高,而口服药比例低(P＜0．01)。北京组病人抗生素治疗和指南的一致性(59．6%)显著低于巴黎组患者(88．6%,P＜0．01)。(3)北京组患者全部在4 h 内得到抗生素治疗,而巴黎组患者92例(52．2%)在4 h 内得到抗生素治疗。(4)急诊观察室停留时间北京组患者显著长于巴黎组患者。结论北京和巴黎社区获得性肺炎的急诊处理有很大的不同,我们应借鉴巴黎,以完善自己。

关键词：社区获得性肺炎指南急诊比较

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