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Motivations,enablers and barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers:Evidence from the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 375-386页

作者： Philip ANTWI-AGYEI emmanuel mawuli abalo Andrew John DOUGILL Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUnited Kingdom

This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices,and the barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of ***,we employed ethnographic research using participatory approaches,including two stakeholder workshops and household surveys with 1061 households in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of *** weighted average index(WAI)and problem confrontation index(PCI)were used to rank smallholder farmers’perceived enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and the barriers affecting climate-smart agricultural practices,*** suggest that the majority of the respondents used a suite of climate-smart agricultural practices,including the timely harvesting of produce and storage,emergency seed banking,appropriate and timely weed and pest control,and early planting as practices to build climate *** majority of smallholder farmers primarily employed climate-smart agricultural practices to improve household food security(96.2%),reduce pests and diseases(95.6%),and obtain higher yields and greater farm income(93.2%).Findings also show that secured land tenure system arrangement,understanding the effects of climate change,and access to sustainable agricultural technologies were ranked the first,second,and third most important enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices with the WAI values of 2.86,2.75,and 2.70,*** barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices included incidences of pests and diseases(PCI=2530),inadequate access to agricultural credit(PCI=2502),high cost of improved crop varieties(PCI=2334),and limited government support with farm inputs(PCI=2296).Sm

关键词： Climate-smart agriculture Smallholder farmers Food security Climate change Weighted average index Problem confrontation index Ghana

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Thermodynamic prediction and experimental investigation of short-term dynamic membrane formation in dynamic membrane bioreactors:Effects of sludge properties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 85-96页

作者： Zhenzhen Yu Yisong Hu mawuli Dzakpasu Xiaochang C.Wang Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development Key Lab of Environmental Engineering Shaanxi Province

In dynamic membrane bioreactors(DMBRs), a dynamic membrane(DM) forms on a support material to act as the separation membrane for solids and liquids. In this study, batch filtration tests were carried out in a DMBR using nylon mesh(25 μm) as support material to filtrate sludge suspensions of variable properties from three different sources to evaluate the effects on the short-term DM formation process(within 240 min). Furthermore, the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek(XDLVO) theory was applied to analyze the sludge adhesion and cohesion behaviors on the mesh surface to predict quantitative parameters of the short-term DM formation process(including initial formation and maturation stage). The filtration results showed that the order of the initial DM formation time(permeate turbidity <1 NTU as an indicator) was as follows: sludge with poor settleability and dewaterability < normal sludge

关键词： Dynamic membrane bioreactor Dynamic membrane formation XDLVO theory Sludge properties Wastewater treatment

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Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 135-145页

作者： Qian Wang Qionghua Zhang mawuli Dzakpasu Nini Chang Xiaochang Wang Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development Xi'an 710055 China

Stormwater runoff derived from the wash-off of road-deposited sediments (RDS), contains elevated heavy metal (HM) concentrations and, thus, imposes an increasing threat to urban aquatic ecosystems. In-depth understanding of the variations of HMs pollution from RDS to stormwater during transport processes facilitates the development of effective RDS and stormwater control strategies. Toward this end, the distribution of HMs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) in RDS and stormwater were investigated simultaneously. The results show a preferential accumulation of Pb and Zn in the finer (< 38.5μm) RDS, and Cu, Cr and Ni in the coarser (38.5-150μm) RDS. For stormwater, n.d.~48.6% of HMs fractionated into the dissolved phase, and stormwater particles constitute the primary carriers of HMs. Furthennore, the accumulation of HMs in stormwater particles increased linearly with finer particle size distributions (PSD). Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) highlighted the predominant pollution of both RDS and stormwater particles by Cu, Pb and Zn. Nonetheless, Cu, Pb, and Ni mostly contributed the potential ecological risk of RDS, whereas Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly contributed that of stormwater particles. Moreover, contamination by Cu, Pb and Zn was significantly higher in stormwater particles than that in RDS. These differences are attributable to the solubility and size-dependent accumulation of HMs in RDS, as well as the PSD variations during transport processes. The study outcomes highlight the importance of very fine (nano- and submicron- scale) RDS in stormwater pollution and the necessity of control.

关键词： Road-deposited sediment Stormwater runoff Heavy metal Particle size Pollution variation

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Dynamic membrane bioreactor performance enhancement by powdered activated carbon addition:Evaluation of sludge morphological,aggregative and microbial properties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 73-83页

作者： Zhenzhen Yu Yisong Hu mawuli Dzakpasu Xiaochang C.Wang Huu Hao Ngo Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development Key Lab of Environmental Engineering Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney

The effects of powdered activated carbon(PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor(DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane(DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes(protists and metazoans)and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC(BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter(13.9%), Comamonas(2.9%), Flavobacterium(0.31%) and Pseudomonas(0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several(such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance.

关键词： Dynamic membrane bioreactor Powdered activated carbon Sludge property Filtration performance Wastewater treatment Microbial community

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The Impact of Health Insurance Scheme on Health Delivery in the Volta Region.a Case Study of Adaklu Anyigbe District

The Impact of Health Insurance Scheme on Health Delivery in ...

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作者： Phanuel mawuli Kofi Segbefia 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

社会为确保所有社会群体都能获得医疗保健而采取的卫生筹资机制至关重要。这在很大程度上决定了居民的生活质量和预期寿命。因此,有效的卫生筹资措施的组织将影响卫生保健的提供。因此,本研究旨在了解作为卫生筹资措施的国家健康保险计... 详细信息

社会为确保所有社会群体都能获得医疗保健而采取的卫生筹资机制至关重要。这在很大程度上决定了居民的生活质量和预期寿命。因此,有效的卫生筹资措施的组织将影响卫生保健的提供。因此,本研究旨在了解作为卫生筹资措施的国家健康保险计划是否对阿达克鲁-安尼格贝地区的医疗保健提供有任何影响。这项研究是必要的,因为它增加了学术界和卫生系统的知识库。因此本研究采用描述性研究设计,采用问卷调查法收集原始资料,并采用概率抽样法(简单随机抽样技术)选取样本。调查了220名投保人。社会科学统计软件包一种数据分析工具,用于对变量进行描述性和相关性分析。这项调查显示,国民健康保险计划与该地区的医疗保健服务有相当强的相关性。因此,它揭示出,任何时候在该计划中投保的人在提供医疗保健的各种卫生设施中有积极的经验,该计划的注册人数就会增加。另据观察,国家健康保险计划的影响在统计上具有显著性。因此,这项研究建议该计划和卫生设施的管理者,努力为人民提供最好的服务和及时。

关键词：医疗服务健康保险医疗保健教育健康保险计划

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A renewable energy forecasting and control approach to secured edge-level efficiency in a distributed micro-grid

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 968-979页

作者： Raphael Anaadumba Qi Liu Bockarie Daniel Marah Francis mawuli Nakoty Xiaodong Liu Yonghong Zhang School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044Jiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Shandong Beiming Medical Technology Ltd Jinan 250000China School of Computing Edinburgh Napier University10 Colinton RoadEdinburgh EH105DTUK

Energy forecasting using Renewable energy sources(RESs)is gradually gaining weight in the research field due to the benefits it presents to the modern-day *** only does energy forecasting using renewable energy sources help mitigate the greenhouse effect,it also helps to conserve energy for future *** the years,several methods for energy forecasting have been proposed,all of which were more concerned with the accuracy of the prediction models with little or no considerations to the operating *** research,however,proposes the uses of Deep Neural Network(DNN)for energy forecasting on mobile devices at the edge of the *** ensures low latency and communication overhead for all energy forecasting operations since they are carried out at the network ***,the cloud would be used as a support for the mobile devices by providing permanent storage for the locally generated data and a platform for offloading resource-intensive computations that exceed the capabilities of the local mobile devices as well as security for *** network topology was proposed which allows seamless incorporation of multiple RESs into the distributed renewable energy source(DRES)***,a novel grid control algorithm that uses the forecasting model to administer a wellcoordinated and effective control for renewable energy sources(RESs)in the electrical network is *** electrical network was simulated with two RESs and a DNN model was used to create a forecasting model for the simulated *** model was trained using a dataset from a solar power generation company in Belgium(elis)and was experimented with a different number of layers to determine the optimum architecture for performing the forecasting *** performance of each architecture was evaluated using the mean square error(MSE)and the r-square.

关键词： Artificial neural network Distributed microgrid systems Renewable energy source Edge control scheme

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Modelling die filling with charged particles using DEM/CFD

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 229-235页

作者： emmanuel Nkem Nwose School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The effects of electrostatic charge on powder flow behaviour during die filling in a vacuum and in air were analysed using a coupled discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics （DEM]CFD） code, in which long range electrostatic interactions were implemented. The present 2D simulations revealed that both electrostatic charge and the presence of air can affect the powder flow hehaviour during die filling. It was found that the electrostatic charge inhibited the flow of powders into the die and induced a loose packing structure. At the same filling speed, increasing the electrostatic charge led to a decrease in the fill ratio which quantifies the volumetric occupancy of powder in the die. In addition, increasing the shoe speed caused a further decrease in the fill ratio, which was characterised using the concept of critical filling speed, When the electrostatic charge was low, the air/particle interaction was strong so that a lower critical filling speed was obtained for die filling in air than in a vacuum. With high electrostatic charge, the electrostatic interactions became dominant. Consequently, similar fill ratio and critical filling speed were obtained for die filling in air and in a vacuum.

关键词： DEMCFDElectrostaticsDie fillingPowder flowCohesionCharged particles

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Systems Analysis of Vulnerability to Hydrometeorological Threats: An Exploratory Study of Vulnerability Drivers in Northern Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 204-219页

作者： emmanuel Mavhura Department of Geography Bindura University of Science Education

Disasters result from complex interactions of hazards and vulnerability conditions. Reducing human exposure and sensitivity to threats can reduce disaster impact. Prior knowledge about community vulnerability levels is crucial to minimizing potential losses from future threats. Most vulnerability studies focus on high-impact disasters and their temporal and spatial analyses. Yet highfrequency, low-impact disasters have a cumulative potential to severely disrupt or damage socioeconomic *** is limited knowledge especially in the global south about the creation of vulnerability to hydrometeorological threats. Using a systems approach, this study explores ways in which communities in the northern semiarid tropics of Zimbabwe are vulnerable to hydrometeorological *** predominantly qualitative study used literature review, interviews, transect walks, and focus groups to gather data from selected samples involving smallholder farmers with in-depth knowledge about community vulnerability. The results show that the communities are vulnerable to multiple hydrometeorological threats due to multiple interacting factors including rainfed and floodbased farming, land tenure, topography, climate, and other socioeconomic conditions such as inadequate income sources and high poverty. In order to reduce vulnerability,this study provides five policy options for government and nongovernmental organization interventions, including the need to transform rural economies beyond the traditional rainfed and flood-based farming systems.

关键词： Community vulnerability Flood-based farming Hydrometeorological threats Rainfed agriculture Zimbabwe

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Physico-chemical characterization of a farmland affected by wastewater in relation to heavy metals

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第3期9卷 366-372页

作者： emmanuel U. ONWEREMADU Department of Soil Science and Technology Federal University of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri Nigeria

This study investigated selected properties of soils affected by wastewater and its relationship with some heavy metals. A free survey technique involving target sampling was used in siting soil profile pits. Soil samples were collected based on horizon differentiation and analyzed using routine and special analytical techniques. Soil data were subjected to correlation analysis using SAS program. Results show that all heavy metals studied had values above critical limits in the polluted soils using known standards and that these biotoxic metals decreased with soil depths. Highly significant (P=0.01 and 0.05) relationships were established between investigated heavy metals and some soil properties, especially soil pH and organic matter. Further studies involving more edaphic properties, biotoxic metals and their bioaccessibility in crops growing on wastewater soils will surely enhance knowledge and management of these highly anthropogenically influenced soils of the study site.

关键词： Bioavailability Characterization Heavy metals Soil pollution Wastewater

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A Unified Spatio-Temporal Framework of the Cuerno-Barabasi Stochastic Continuum Model of Surface Sputtering

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第7期58卷 165-170页

作者： Oluwole emmanuel Oyewande Department of Physics University of Ibadan

The nonlinear continuum model proposed by Cuerno and Barabasi is the most successful and widely acceptable theoretical description of oblique incidence ion sputtered surfaces to date and is quite robust in its predictions of the time evolution and scaling of interfaces driven by ion bombardment. However, this theory has thus far predicted only ripple topographies and rough surfaces for short and large scales, respectively. As a result, its application to the interpretation and study of nanodots, predicted by Monte Carlo simulations for, and observed in experiments of, oblique incidence sputtering is still unclear and, hence, an open problem. In this paper, we provide a new insight to the theory, within the same length scale, that explains nanodot formation on off-normal incidence sputtered surfaces, among others, and propose ways of observing the predicted topographies of the MC simulations, as well as possible control of the size of the nanodots, in the framework of the Cuerno-Barabasi continuum theory.

关键词： topographic phase diagrams surface nanostructures surface nanodots Cuerno-Barabasi model

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