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Long-wave instabilities

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1761-1776页

作者： Dongfen Bian emmanuel Grenier School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées CNRS UMR 5669Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonLyon 69007France

This paper aims to give a detailed presentation of long-wave instabilities of shear layers for NavierStokes equations,and in particular to give a simple and easy-to-read presentation of the study of the OrrSommerfeld equation and to detail the analysis of its *** these analyses,we prove the existence of long-wave instabilities in the cases of slowly rotating fuids,slightly compressible fuids,or fuids with Navier boundary conditions,under smallness conditions.

关键词： Navier-Stokes equations boundary layers Prandtl equations

Exploring factors of disaster preparedness in UNESCO-designated heritage sites

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 392-404页

作者： emmanuel Eze Alexander Siegmund Institute of Geography&Heidelberg Center for the Environment(HCE) University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Geography-Research Group for Earth Observation(r geo) UNESCO Chair on Observation and Education of World Heritage&Biosphere ReserveHeidelberg University of EducationHeidelbergGermany Geographical and Environmental Education Unit Department of Social Science EducationUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and ***-sidering the pivotal role of UNESCO sites in conservation and development,this study assessed their levels of disaster *** absence of studies assessing disaster awareness,risk perception,and preparedness among UNESCO site actors,as well as the pivotal place of preparedness within the Disaster Risk Management(DRM)cycle justifies this *** the tenets of the Person-Relative-to-Event framework,we hypothe-sized that a strong positive correlation exists between perceived risks,resources,and disaster *** collect pertinent data,we employed an embedded mixed-method design and conducted an online questionnaire survey yielding 141 responses from 59 *** the results of relevant analyses,wildfires,floods,and droughts are top hazards occurring frequently in UNESCO sites,with significant concerns about pollution and habitat loss during future *** emerged as the most available crucial DRM resource,with higher availability of DRM resources correlating positively and significantly with sites’*** findings con-tribute valuable insights to address missing links for disaster-ready and resilient UNESCO sites,promoting their preservation for future generations.

关键词： Biosphere reserves Disaster risk management(DRM) Global geoparks Person-relative-to-event(PRE)framework Sustainability World heritage sites

Community-led total sanitation(CLTS)implementation in West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly in *** do communities think eleven years on?

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 67-73页

作者： Elijah Adam emmanuel Badu School of Media Creative and Social InquiryCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Population Health Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia

Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public ***,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)still have no access to adequate toilet *** has brought untold health repercussions to the inhabitants,the community,and the environment at *** address this menace,the community-led total sanitation(CLTS)was *** study aimed to assess communities’perspectives on the implementation of CLTS and to understand the factors influencing its success and *** A mixed-method approach involving sequential qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this *** for the quantitative study were randomly selected and surveyed using *** qualitative study employed focus group discussion involving purposively sampled participants including assembly members,opinion leaders,and assembly *** The CLTS program in WMMA realized an apparent use of construction and proper use of household latrines leading to a reduction of open defecation free(ODF)and two communities achieving sanitized status in the history of the study area,enabling the training of latrine artisans and natural leaders to facilitate the CLTS expansion and sustainability,improved sanitation and hygiene,strengthened the enforcement of community rules and regulations and many *** The CLTS program has received more widespread acceptance in the study area than the previous government policy of constructing public toilets,which was greeted with massive failures due to poor *** ensure that gains achieved through CLTS implementation are sustained longer,it is recommended that chiefs and opinion leaders should be involved in the CLTS programs to ensure checks and *** entrenchment of bylaws and more education to address enduring myths and misconceptions will sustain the *** in the form

关键词： Community-led total sanitation(CLTS) Community development Ghana Sanitation

Portal hypertension in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Current knowledge and challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 290-307页

作者： Anita Madir Ivica Grgurevic emmanuel A Tsochatzis Massimo Pinzani Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Clinical NutritionUniversity Hospital DubravaZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Hospital and University College LondonLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom

Portal hypertension(PH)has traditionally been observed as a consequence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,recent studies have provided evidence that PH may develop in earlier stages of NAFLD,suggesting that there are additional pathogenetic mechanisms at work in addition to liver *** early development of PH in NAFLD is associated with hepatocellular lipid accumulation and ballooning,leading to the compression of liver *** compression and intraluminal obstacles cause mechanical forces such as strain,shear stress and elevated hydrostatic pressure that in turn activate mechanotransduction pathways,resulting in endothelial dysfunction and the development of *** spatial distribution of histological and functional changes in the periportal and perisinusoidal areas of the liver lobule are considered responsible for the pre-sinusoidal component of PH in patients with ***,current diagnostic methods such as hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)measurement tend to underestimate portal pressure(PP)in NAFLD patients,who might decompensate below the HVPG threshold of 10 mmHg,which is traditionally considered the most relevant indicator of clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH).This creates further challenges in finding a reliable diagnostic method to stratify the prognostic risk in this population of *** theory,the measurement of the portal pressure gradient guided by endoscopic ultrasound might overcome the limitations of HVPG measurement by avoiding the influence of the pre-sinusoidal component,but more investigations are needed to test its clinical utility for this *** and spleen stiffness measurement in combination with platelet count is currently the best-validated non-invasive approach for diagnosing CSPH and varices needing *** change remains the cornerstone of the treatment of PH in NAFLD,together with correcting the comp

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Mechanotransduction Endothelial dysfunction Hepatic venous pressure gradient

Bulk geochemistry,Rb-Sr,Sm-Nd,and stable O-H isotope systematics of the Metzimevin high-grade iron ore deposit,Mbalam iron ore district,southern Cameroon

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 677-706页

作者： Samndong Cyril Tufoin Cheo emmanuel Suh Tabod Charles Tabod George Lemewihbwen Ngiamte Department of Geology Mining and Environmental ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of GeologyUniversity of BueaP.O.63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Department of Geology Pan-African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Bulk geochemistry,Sr,Nd,and O-H isotope systematics are reported for the first time on banded iron formation(BIF)-hosted high-grade iron ore at the northwestern segment of Congo Craton(CC).Located in Mbalam iron ore district,Southern Cameroon,Metzimevin iron ore deposit is a hematite-magnetite BIF system,dominated by SiO_(2)+Fe_(2)O_(3)(97.1 to 99.84 wt%),with low concentrations of clastic elements e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and HFSE,depicting a nearly pure chemical *** REE+Y signature of the iron deposit displays strong positive Eu anomaly,strong negative Ce anomaly,and chondritic to superchondritic Y/Ho ratios,suggestive of formation by mixed seawater-high temperature hydrothermal fluids in oxidising ***^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of the BIF are higher than the maximum^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr evolution curves for all Archean reservoirs(bulk silicate earth,Archean crust and Archean seawater),indicating involvement of continentally-derived components during BIF formation and ***Ɛ_(Nd)(t)(+2.26 to+3.77)and Nd model age indicate that chemical constituents for the BIF were derived from undifferentiated crustal source,between 3.002 and 2.88 *** variable and diverse O and H isotope data(−1.9‰to 17.3‰and−57‰to 136‰respectively)indicate that the Metzimevin iron ore formed initially from magmatic plumes and later enriched by magmatic-metamorphic-modified meteoric *** balance calculations indicate mineralisation by combined leaching and precipitation,with an average iron enrichment factor of>2.67 and SiO_(2)depletion factor of>*** is associated with an overall volume reduction of 28.27%,reflecting net leaching and volume collapse of the BIF protholith.

关键词： Bulk geochemistry Rb-Sr Sm-Nd Mitzimevin High-grade iron ore

Finite domain solution of a KGD hydraulic fracture in the viscosity-dominated regime

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2024年第1期3卷 55-63页

作者： Cexuan Liu emmanuel Detournay Fengshou Zhang Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical&Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil Environmentaland Geo-EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis55455MNUSA

This paper describes a numerical algorithm for solving the classic problem of a plane strain(KGD)fracture propagating in an impermeable elastic medium with zero *** method,which takes advantage of the self-similar nature of the solution,combines a domain-based scheme to solve the elasticity equations and a finite volume method to solve the nonlinear lubrication *** work represents a first step towards developing a model able to account for pore pressure diffusion in the medium and corresponding poroelastic effects,noting that these processes are more efficiently solved using a domain-based rather than a boundary integral *** enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical scheme,the far-field crack asymptotics is embedded in the discretized elastic relationship between the fluid pressure and the crack opening,while the coupled fluid-solid tip asymptote is enforced in a weak form when solving the nonlinear lubrication *** proposed technique yields results that closely match the analytical solution,even with a coarse *** approach offers potential for addressing more complex hydraulic fracturing problems in the future.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Numerical simulation Domain-based method Far-field asymptotic boundary Tip asymptote

Benefits of jejunostomy feeding in patients who underwent gastrectomy for cancer treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2461-2473页

作者： Romain Jaquet emmanuel Rivkine Nicole De Souza Jean Roudié Department of Digestive and Visceral Surgery Nord Essonne Hospital Group-Longjumeau SiteLongjumeau 91160France Department of General and Digestive Surgery Pierre Zobda-Quitman HospitalUniversity Hospital CenterMartiniqueFranceFort de France 97261Martinique

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after *** To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for *** Between 2003 and 2017,all patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer treatment were included retrospectively.A group with jejunostomy(J+group)and a group without jejunostomy(J-group)were *** Of the 172 patients included,60 received ***,the two groups were comparable with respect to the nutritional parameters studied(body mass index,albumin,etc.).In the postoperative period,the J+group lost less weight and albumin:5.74±8.4 vs 9.86±7.5 kg(P=0.07)and 7.2±5.6 vs 14.7±12.7 g/L(P=0.16),*** morbidity was 25%in the J+group and 36.6%in the J-group(P=0.12).The J+group had fewer respiratory,infectious,and grade 3 complications:0%vs 5.4%(P=0.09),1.2%vs 9.3%(P=0.03),and 0%vs 4.7%(P=0.05),*** 30-day mortality was 6.7%in the J+group and 6.3%in the J-group(P=0.91).CONCLUSION Jejunostomy feeding after gastrectomy improves nutritional characteristics and decreases postoperative morbidity.A prospective study could confirm our results.

关键词： Feeding jejunostomy Gastric cancer Undernutrition Morbimortality Survival

Coping Strategies and Depression among Male Inmates of a Nigerian Correctional Facility:A Cross-sectional Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 92-98页

作者： Alexander Adam Audu Chidi John Okafor Owoidoho Udofia emmanuel Aniekan Essien Bassey Eyo Edet emmanuel Omamurhomu Olose Department of Clinical Services Federal Neuropsychiatric HospitalCalabarNigeria Department of Psychiatry University of Calabar Teaching HospitalCalabarNigeria

Background:Researchers have consistently found higher rates of mental illnesses,especially depression,in prison populations compared to the general *** though specific coping strategies have been implicated as a factor influencing the mental well-being of inmates,little is known about this interplay in resource-poor *** study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and depression among inmates of a prison in *** and Methods:This was a two-stage cross-sectional study involving 269 inmates of Calabar Prison,*** were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire,the Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form,and the General Health Questionnaire-12(GHQ-12).Respondents who scored≥3 on the GHQ-12 together with 10%of low scorers proceeded to the second stage for an interview using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric ***:The prevalence of depression among study participants was 30.5%.Emotion-focused disengagement coping strategies(odds ratio[OR]:1.12,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.05-1.20)and a history of mental illness before imprisonment(OR:3.4,95%CI:1.34-8.57)significantly predicted depression,whereas problem-focused engagement was protective(OR:1.92,95%CI:0.86-0.98).Conclusion:Compared to the general population,depression is more common among prison inmates and is associated with using specific coping *** strategies deserve increasing consideration when planning mental health intervention programs for this population.

关键词： Coping strategies depression inmates mental illness prison

Source of metals related to gold occurrences in Cameroon, Central African Belt

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 308-324页

作者： Kevin Igor Azeuda Ndonfack Jinlin Zhang Yuling Xie NSamiratou Yaya emmanuel Archelaus Afanga Basua JCHX Mining Management Co. LtdBeijing 101500People’s Republic of China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037People’s Republic of China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Earth Science University of BamendaBamendaRepublic of Cameroon

Suites of granitic and metamorphic rocks form a perfect geological environment in which to investigate the source of metals related to gold *** the East Province of Cameroon,the source of metals-related gold(grade~4.6 g/t)that occurs within metamorphic and granitic rocks remains *** host rocks were subjected to XRF and ICP-MS whole-rock geochemistry and BSE/EDS mineral analyses to investigate the source(s)of metals related to gold in the ***,chalcopyrite-pyrite and magnetite-ilmenite are the main sulfi des and oxides of granites,*** low-grade metamorphic rocks are sulfi de-rich consisting of arsenopyrite,chalcopyrite,pyrite,and sphalerite,and oxides include magnetite,ilmenite,hematite,and ***,Ni,Co,Sb,Sc,and Zn concentrations depleted in high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites compared to low-grade metamorphic *** well,Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,V,W,and Zn concentrations decrease with increasing temperatures from low-grade rocks to high-grade rocks and *** suite of depleted elements in high-grade rocks and granites is almost identical to those enriched in gold *** conclude that metals(Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,and Zn)related to gold mineralization in the East Province of Cameroon likely originated from metal-rich low-grade metamorphic rocks during prograde metamorphic processes prior to partial melting.

关键词： East Province of Cameroon Metamorphic rocks Granites Oxide–sulﬁdes Metal and gold Geochemistry