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Assessment of Wind Energy Potential as a Power Generation Sourc. in Five Loc.tions of South Western Nigeria

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第5期2卷 1-13页

作者： Nnawuike Nze-Esiaga emmanuel c. Okogbue Department of Meteorology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

In this study, the wind speed c.arac.eristic. and energy potential in five selec.ed loc.tions in the southwestern part of Nigeria were investigated using monthly mean wind speed data of 51 years obtained from the Nigeria Meteorologic.l Agenc.. The data were subjec.ed to the 2-parameter-Weibull and other statistic.l analyses. The outc.me showed that the wind speed measured at a height of 10 m ranged from 1.3 to 13.2 m/s while the modal wind speed ranges from 3.0 to 5.9 m/s. 83.6% of the data were found to be greater than 3.0 m/s. The average monthly wind speed ranged from 2.72 to 7.72 m/s. Seasonally, average wind speeds ranged between 3.47 to 6.55 m/s and 3.83 to 6.94 m/s for dry (Oc.ober to Marc.) and wet (April to September) seasons, respec.ively. The two parameters of the Weibull statistic. were found to lie between 2.99 ≤ k ≤ 5.32 and 3.02 ≤ c.≤ 8.57, respec.ively. The annual mean power densities are 65.09, 145.07, 176.96, 387.07 and 87.34 W/m2 for Abeokuta, Akure, Ibadan, Ikeja and Oshogbo respec.ively. It was further shown that the respec.ive mean annual values of the most probable wind speed are 3.82, 4.97, 5.23, 7.03 and 4.01 m/s, while the annual values of the wind speed c.rrying maximum energy are 4.12, 5.48, 5.87, 7.50 and 4.55 m/s. These results indic.te that wind speed has the viable potential for wind-to-elec.ric.ty at height of 10 m for most of the loc.tions assessed but it will be more viable in all the stations at a height above 10 m.

关键词： Wind Power Wind Speed Weibull Parameters Southwestern Nigeria

Trends in Vegetation Response to Drought in Sudano-Sahelian Part of Northern Nigeria

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Atmospheric.and c.imate Sc.enc.s 2014年第4期4卷 569-588页

作者： Blessing Bolarinwa Fabeku emmanuel c. Okogbue Meteorology Unit Ondo State University of Science and Technology Okitipupa Nigeria Department of Meteorology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This study was c.rried out to evaluate the drought oc.urrenc. and its implic.tion on vegetation c.ver over the Sudano-Sahelian zone of the Northern part of Nigeria. Monthly mean Rainfall data for the period 40 years (1971-2010) were obtained from Nigeria Meteorologic.l Agenc. (NIMET) for eac. of the meteorologic.l stations present and func.ioning in this region for c.imatic.analysis. Standardized Prec.pitation Index (SPI) was used to analyze drought oc.urrenc. on a time sc.le of five (5) months that c.ver the period of raining season over the study area. Also Satellite data over the selec.ed part of the study area for three different epoc.s, 1986, 2000 and 2005 were used for vegetation response analysis. The SPI values were interpolated using Inverse Distanc. Weighted (IDW) interpolation tec.nique in Arc.IS 9.3 to generate Drought Spatial Pattern Map for eac. selec.ed modeled years. The vegetation response indic.tors used are land c.ver maps and Greenness Index (GI) maps. Land c.ver c.tegories were c.assified into five levels: Dense Vegetation, less dense Vegetation, Settlement/built up, Bare Surfac. and Water body. The results based on the ground truth (rainfall) data show that many years of drought episode were experienc.d over the study area. On the other hand, the prime indic.tors (Land c.ver and GI maps) used in this study also depic.s the c.anges that took plac. over the study area in response to this c.imatic.anomaly (drought) and it c.uld be noted that there was dramatic.reduc.ion in the oc.urrenc. towards the end of the last two dec.de, 1990-1999, whic. simply indic.ted improvement in rainfall even in 2000 and the later years.

关键词： Drought Oc.urrenc. Vegetation Response Standardize Prec.pitation Index (SPI) Normalized Prec.pitation Index (NDVI) Greenness Index (GI) Drought Spatial Map

Trend Analysis of Drought in the Guinea and Sudano-Sahelian c.imatic.Zones of Northern Nigeria (1907-2006)

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Atmospheric.and c.imate Sc.enc.s 2014年第4期4卷 483-507页

作者： Temidayo O. Omonijo emmanuel c. Okogbue Department of Meteorology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

A quantitative assessment of drought c.arac.eristic. and their assoc.ated variability in the Northern Nigeria was c.rried out. Monthly rainfall data for all the selec.ed loc.tions whic. span a period of 100 years (1907-2006) c.llec.ed from the c.imate Researc. Unit (c.U) database were used. The resolution of the data is 0.5 × 0.5 degrees in longitude and latitude. The long-term rainfall rec.rds were analyzed for drought using standardized prec.pitation index (SPI). The 100 years of Study was subdivided into 10 dec.des. Using Ilwis GIS software, the SPI results were presented on a spatial digitized map of northern Nigeria. This was done using the c.ordinates got from the Nigerian Meteorologic.l Agenc., Lagos Nigeria. The results of SPI analysis revealed that there were several drought years in the study period. Analysis further revealed that dec.de 7 to dec.de 9 (i.e. 1967-1976, 1977-1986, 1987-1996) witnessed persistent drought in the northern Nigeria. These were c.assified into mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought c.nditions. Near normal dry or mild drought was predominant in the 100 years of study. Mild drought has the highest number of oc.urrenc. in the northern Nigeria. A c.oser examination shows that north eastern part of Nigeria is susc.ptible to moderate drought. SPI analysis for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months was c.rried out. Ac.ording to the Nigerian Meteorologic.l Agenc. c.assific.tion, 1 month represents meteorologic.l drought, 3 months represents agric.ltural drought, 6 months represents hydrologic.l drought and 12 months represents soc.o-ec.nomic.drought. The SPI analysis revealed distinc. period of negative and positive values in whic. negative values indic.te oc.urrenc. of drought and positive values imply there is no drought. This study has provided useful information and pro-ac.ive intervention to reduc. the impac. of drought whic. will be helpful to effec.ively plan rain-fed agric.lture in northern Nigeria.

关键词： Drought Northern Nigeria Standardized Prec.pitation Index (SPI)

Assessment of Foot c.re Knowledge among Diabetic.Amputees at National Orthopaedic.Hospital Enugu

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Journal of Biosc.enc.s and Medic.nes 2018年第4期6卷 25-32页

作者： Osita Ede Gabriel O. Eyic.ukwu emmanuel c. Iyidobi Basil c. Nwac.ukwu Department of Orthopaedic. and Trauma National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Diabetic. with unilateral lower extremity amputation (LEA) have an inc.eased risk of c.ntralateral re-amputation. Foot c.re knowledge and prac.ic. has been shown to reduc. the inc.denc. of amputation. The study aims to assess the level of foot c.re knowledge among diabetic. with unilateral LEA. Method: A questionnaire based study involving diabetic. with unilateral LEA from August 2015 to August 2017. Demographic.data and level of foot c.re knowledge were assessed. Assoc.ations between age, gender, educ.tional level, prior amputation and duration of diabetes with level of foot c.re knowledge were investigated. The presenc. of peripheral neuropathy in the c.ntralateral leg was also assessed. Results: A total of 64 patients had unilateral LEA within this period, but only 42 patients c.mpleted the study. Twenty-four, 24 (57.1%) were males while 18 (42.9%) were females. Mean age was 58.3 years (SD = 12.0). Fifteen, 15 (35.7%) had sec.ndary, 15 (35.7%) had tertiary educ.tion, while 3 (7.1%) and 9 (21.4%) had none and primary educ.tion respec.ively. Below knee amputation (BKA) was the c.mmonest (78.6%), and 35.7% have had a prior amputation. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 71.4% of c.ses. No partic.pant had a good level of foot c.re knowledge, while 13 (31%) have a fair knowledge and 29 (69%) have poor knowledge. Only 18 (42%) said they have been taught on foot c.re. Only duration of diabetes and educ.tional level were signific.ntly assoc.ated with level of foot c.re knowledge. c.nc.usion: Diabetic. with unilateral LEA have poor knowledge of foot c.re and a high prevalenc. of peripheral neuropathy. Efforts at educ.tion of these susc.ptible c.horts should be intensified.

关键词： Diabetic. Amputation Foot c.re Knowledge

New detrital zirc.n U-Pb ages from BIF-related metasediments in the Ntem c.mplex (c.ngo c.aton) of southern c.meroon, West Afric.

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Natural Sc.enc. 2013年第7期5卷 835-847页

作者： Nelson N. c.ombong emmanuel c. Suh c.arles D. c. Ilouga Department of Earth Sc.enc.s University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Ec.nomic.Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) were formed by c.ntemporaneous events of ac.ive sediments supply and the venting of a hydrothermal fluid sourc. at the Mid-Oc.an-Ridge. BIFs within the Ntem c.mplex at the northern edge of the c.ngo c.aton are interc.lated with metasandstones and siltstones. SHRIMP U-Pb analysis on detrital zirc.ns obtained from these metasediments gave variable ages from over 3000 Ma to 1000 Ma with the maximum age of deposition c.ustered around 1200 Ma and the peak of deposition at 1800 Ma. This age range suggested that the sub-basin was opened sometime in the Arc.ean and remained ac.ive up till the Neoproterozoic. Zirc.ns with Arc.ean ages have a provenanc. linked to the c.arnoc.itic.suite and the high-K granites within the Ntem c.mplex. The Paleoproterozoic.ages are attributed to c.astic.inputs from the neigbouring Nyong Series west of the Ntem c.mplex. Also the peak of deposition in the Proterozoic.c.uld probably be explained by the globally rec.gnized intense c.ust-forming proc.sses in the Early Proterozoic.time. The provenanc. of the younger Neoproterozoic.ages is tied to various lithologies within the northern mobile belts of the Adamawa-Yade massifs and c.rrelates with Neoproterozoic.sedimentation ages in the Yaoundé, Lom and Poli series. The Neoproterozoic.ages obtained are c.mparable to those obtained from metasediments of the Amazonian c.aton and provide evidenc. of Pre-Gondwana assemblage of the c.ngo and the S?o Franc.sc. c.atons.

关键词： BIFs Metasediments Ntem c.mplex SHRIMP U-Pb Age Detrital Zirc.ns

c.arac.erization of TB/HIV c.-Infec.ed Patients Rec.iving TB Treatment at a DOTS c.inic. in a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberc.losis Researc. 2015年第4期3卷 113-121页

作者： Ec.endu D. Adinma Darlington c. Obi emmanuel c. Azuike Vic.or A. Mbanuzuru Ifeoma c. Iloghalu Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

Bac.ground: Tuberc.losis (TB) is a spec.fic.infec.ious disease c.used by myc.bac.erium tuberc.losis while ac.uired immune defic.enc. syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal illness c.used by human immunodefic.enc. virus (HIV). Both of them c.nstitute the main burden of infec.ious public.health disease in many parts of the world, partic.larly in resourc. limited c.untries like Nigeria. This study sets out to desc.ibe TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients ac.essing c.re at the DOTS c.inic.in a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methods: This study was c.nduc.ed retrospec.ively at the DOTS c.inic.of NAUTH Nnewi. A struc.ured proforma was used to extrac. spec.fic.c.arac.eristic. of TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients who rec.ived TB treatment for the period of 1st January 2013 to 31st Dec.mber 2013. The c.llec.ed data were analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: Ninety eight patients (40.6%) were TB/HIV c.-infec.ed, out of the two hundred and forty one patients treated for tuberc.losis in the DOTS c.inic.during the period under review. These were the findings among the TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients: there were more females (51%) than males (49%);the c.mmonest age group affec.ed was the group 30 - 39 years (34.7%);majority of the patients (91.8%) had pulmonary TB as against extrapulmonary TB (8.2%) and most of the patients had negative sputum AFB result (43.9%) as against those with positive result (36.7%). c.nc.usion: This study demonstrated some important c.arac.eristic. of TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients. Suc. knowledge if taken into c.nsideration in both the tuberc.losis c.ntrol and HIV c.ntrol programs will improve the outc.mes of the programs.

关键词： c.arac.erization TB/HIV c.-Infec.ed Patients

c.arac.erization of Defaulters from Tuberc.losis Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in South Eastern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Ec.endu Dolly Adinma Vic.or Ahoma Mbanuzuru emmanuel c. Azuike Ifeoma c. Iloghalu Darlington c.ukwudimma Obi Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Nigeria

Bac.ground: Tuberc.losis is sec.nd only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infec.ious agent. Direc.ly Observed Treatment Short-c.urse (DOTS) is presently the WHO rec.mmended programme to fight tuberc.losis worldwide. There is a need to understand the c.arac.eristic. of patients who default from treatment for tuberc.losis. This will help modify the strategies to reduc. suc. default to the barest minimum and ac.ieve higher levels of adherenc.. Objec.ive: The aim of this study was to desc.ibe the c.arac.eristic. of patients that defaulted from treatment for TB at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac.ing Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi DOTS c.inic.for the period 1st January 2011 to 31st Dec.mber 2012. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospec.ive study c.nduc.ed at the DOTS c.inic.at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac.ing Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The rec.rds of patients who rec.ived treatment from the c.inic.from 1st January 2011 to 31st Dec.mber 2012 (2 years) were reviewed. The data c.llec.ed inc.ude patients’ demographic.c.arac.eristic., treatment c.tegory, patient type, baseline sputum smear result, and retroviral status. From the data, default rate was c.lc.lated and its relationship with other variables noted. Assoc.ations between patients’ c.arac.eristic. were determined using c.i square test of independenc.. The signific.nc. level was set at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 765 patients enrolled for TB treatment in the DOTS c.inic.of the study area within the study period of 1st January 2011 and Dec.mber 31st 2012. The mean age at c.mmenc.ment of the treatment was 33.14 years (±18.09). The outc.me of treatment showed that 260 (34%) had treatment c.mpleted, 230 (30.1%) c.red, 120 (15.7%) defaulted, 103 (13.5%) died, 40 (5.2%) were transferred-out, and 12 (1.6%) failed in the treatment, giving a treatment suc.ess rate of 64.1%. Among the 120 (15.7%) patients that defaulted from treatment, majority 80 (66.7%) were males, and most 30

关键词： Tuberc.losis Treatment Defaulters Tertiary Hospital South Eastern Nigeria

Knowledge, Attitude and the Prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing among Sec.ndary In-Sc.ool Adolesc.nts in Orlu Loc.l Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2017年第2期7卷 77-91页

作者： Anthony c. Iwu Henry N. c.ineke Kevin c. Diwe c.ukwuma B. Duru Kenec.i A. Uwakwe emmanuel c. Azuike Ugoc.ukwu c. Madubueze c.ukwuyem Abejegah emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Family Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria

Bac.ground: Adolesc.nc. is a period of vulnerability with the onset of multiple risky behaviour whic. exposes them to HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and as suc., the timely introduc.ion and uptake of strategies like HIV c.unselling and Testing will reduc. transmission and provide ac.ess to preventive servic.s. Objec.ive: To assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing among sec.ndary in-sc.ool adolesc.nts in Orlu Loc.l Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional analytic.l study design was used that selec.ed students aged 13 - 19 years in senior c.asses SS1 to SS3 attending sec.ndary sc.ools. Data was c.llec.ed using a pretested, semi-struc.ured questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. c.i square statistic.was c.mputed and p value was set at 0.05 signific.nt level. Results: Though most of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS (99%) and HIV c.unselling and Testing (92%), the majority of the respondents had a poor level of overall knowledge (61%) and attitude (70%) towards HIV c.unselling and Testing. The prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing amongst the respondents was very low (7%). Furthermore, there was a statistic.lly signific.nt relationship between the level of overall knowledge and level of overall attitude towards HIV c.unselling and Testing (p c.nc.usion: Identifying and c.osing the gaps in their knowledge and attitude towards HIV c.unselling and Testing, will form the basis for the introduc.ion of adolesc.nt-tailored strategies that will further enc.urage and improve voluntary and c.nfidential uptake of HIV c.unselling and Testing among the adolesc.nts.

关键词： Hc. Knowledge Attitude Prevalenc. Adolesc.nts Nigeria

Removal of Safranin-O from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Kaolinite c.ay

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Journal of Enc.psulation and Adsorption Sc.enc.s 2014年第3期4卷 89-104页

作者： Kayode O. Adebowale Bamidele I. Olu-Owolabi emmanuel c. c.igbundu Department of c.emistry Faculty of Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of c.emic.l Sc.enc.s Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria

In this study, Natural Raw Kaolinite (NRK) c.ay was used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetic., isotherms and thermodynamic.parameters of a c.tionic.dye Safranine-O, also known as Basic.Red 2 (BR2) from aqueous solution. The effec.s of pH, temperature, initial dye c.nc.ntration and c.ntac. time on the adsorption c.pac.ty were evaluated and the adsorbent was c.arac.erized by XRD, BET and FTIR. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-sec.nd-order kinetic.models and the intrapartic.e diffusion model were used to desc.ibe the kinetic.data and the rate c.nstants were evaluated. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-sec.nd-order kinetic.model and also followed intrapartic.e diffusion model revealing that diffusion is not only the rate-c.ntrolling step. The Langmuir Freundlic. and Dubinin-Radushkevic.adsorption models were applied to desc.ibe the equilibrium isotherms and the isotherm c.nstants were also determined. The Langmuir model agrees with experimental data well. The ac.ivation energy, c.ange of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were also evaluated for the adsorption of BR2 onto NRK.

关键词： Basic Red 2 Kaolinite Adsorption Kinetic Thermodynamic Surfac. Area