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Effects of L-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy F.Moss emma j.Bradbury robert A.Swick School of Environmental and rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and L-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,rP),and rP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,rP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,rP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,rP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(Pred to those fed the rP diet at wk *** fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the rP diet(Prds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(Pred to those offered the rP *** of Arg,GAA,and Cit to the rP diet increased relative femur weight and length(Prulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(PrP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(Prrent findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur Low protein Minerals Digestibility

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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： jessica MITCHELL Michael A. CANT emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel j. NICHOLS School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOrC1 mimics dietary protein restriction in a mouse model of lactation

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 729-738页

作者： Virginia L.Pszczolkowski Steven j.Halderson emma j.Meyer Amy Lin Sebastian I.Arriola Apelo Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Endocrinology and reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Background:Understanding the mechanisms of N utilization for lactation can lead to improved requirement estimates and increased efficiency,which modern dairy diets currently fail to *** mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTOrC1)is a central hub of translation regulation,processing extra-and intra-cellular signals of nutrient availability and physiological state,such as amino acids and *** hypothesized that dietary amino acids regulate lactation through mTOrC1,such that inhibition of mTOrC1 will lead to decreased lactation performance when amino acids are not *** objectives were to assess lactation performance in lactating mice undergoing dietary and pharmacologic interventions designed to alter mTOrC1 ***:First lactation mice(N=18;n=6/treatment)were fed an adequate protein diet(18%crude protein),or an isocaloric protein-restricted diet(9%crude protein)from the day after parturition until lactation day 13.A third group of mice was fed an adequate protein diet and treated with the mTOrC1 inhibitor rapamycin(4 mg/kg every other day)intraperitoneally,with the first two groups treated with vehicle as *** and pups were weighed daily,and feed intake was recorded every other *** production was measured every other day beginning on lactation day 4 by the weigh-suckle-weigh *** were collected after fasting and ***:Milk production and pup weight were similarly decreased by both protein restriction and rapamycin treatment,with final production at 50%of control(P=0.008)and final pup weight at 85%of control(Pry phosphorylation of mTOrC1’s downstream targets were decreased by protein restriction and rapamycin treatment(Pry little effect was observed in the liver of rapamycin treated mice,and none by protein ***:Overall,sufficient supply of dietary amino acids was unable to maintain lactation performance status in mice with pharmacologically reduced mam

关键词： Amino acids Lactation Mammary Mouse model mTOrC1 rapamycin

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Calibration method to improve the accuracy of THz imaging and spectroscopy in reflection geometry

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Photonics research 2016年第3期4卷 29-35页

作者： Shuting Fan Edward P.j.Parrott Benjamin S.Y.Ung emma Pickwell-MacPherson Department of Electric and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong

We introduce a novel method to accurately extract the optical parameters in terahertz reflection imaging. Our method builds on standard self-referencing methods using the reflected signal from the bottom of the imaging window material to further compensate for time-dependent system fluctuations and position-dependent variation in the window thickness. Our proposed method not only improves the accuracy, but also simplifies the imaging procedure and reduces measurement times.

关键词： Calibration method to improve the accuracy of THz imaging and spectroscopy in reflection geometry THz

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Heterosis in locally adapted sorghum genotypes and potential of hybrids for increased productivity in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

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The Crop journal 2016年第6期4卷 479-489页

作者： Taye T.Mindaye emma S.Mace Ian D.Godwin David r.jordan The University of Queensland QueenslandAlliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationHermitage Research Facility Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural research Melkassa Research Center Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Hermitage Research Facility The University of Queensland School of Agriculture and Food Sciences

Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using *** their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their short plant stature and small grain *** study was conducted to investigate hybrid performance and the magnitude of heterosis of locally adapted genotypes in addition to introduced hybrids in three contrasting environments in *** total,139 hybrids,derived from introduced seed parents crossed with locally adapted genotypes and introduced r lines,were ***,the hybrids matured earlier than the adapted parents,but had higher grain yield,plant height,grain number and grain weight in all *** lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis(BPH) of19%,equating to 1160 kg ha-1and a 29% mean increase in grain yield,in addition to increased plant height and grain weight,in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced r *** mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52%in the intermediate environment equating to 698 kg ha-1and 2031 kg ha-1,respectively,in addition to increased grain *** magnitude of heterosis observed for each hybrid group was related to the genetic distance between the parental *** majority of hybrids also showed superiority over the standard check *** general,hybrids from locally adapted genotypes were superior in grain yield,plant height and grain weight compared to the high parents and introduced hybrids indicating the potential for hybrids to increase productivity while addressing farmers' required traits.

关键词： Farmers preferred traits High parent heterosis Locally adapted genotypes Sorghum hybrids

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High-yield fabrication of perpendicularly magnetised synthetic antiferromagnetic nanodiscs

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Nano research 2021年第11期14卷 3873-3878页

作者： emma N.Welbourne Tarun Vemulkar russell P.Cowburn Department of Physics Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB30HEUK

Synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) particles with perpendicular anisotropy display a number of desirable characteristics for applications in biological and other fluid environments. We present an efficient and effective method for the patterning of ultrathin ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida coupled, perpendicularly magnetised SAFs using a combination of nanosphere lithography and ion milling. A Ge sacrificial layer is utilised, which provides a clean and simple lift-off process, as well as maintaining the key magnetic properties that are beneficial to target applications. We demonstrate that the method is capable of producing a particularly high yield of well-defined, thin film based nanoparticles.

关键词： nanodiscs synthetic antiferromagnets perpendicular anisotropy sacrificial layers nanofabrication

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The representation of Soil Moisture−Atmosphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： joshua TALIB Omar V.MÜLLEr emma j.BArTON Christopher M.TAYLOr Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Thermal processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atmospheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil moisture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil moisture is a source of atmospheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil moisture−atmosphere coupling on the TP in general circulation models(GCMs).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil moisture−atmosphere coupling in CMIP6 simulations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atmospheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these metrics we partition feedbacks into their atmospheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-model differences in the representation of soil moisture−atmosphere coupling,and that most models underestimate such *** on dry spell analysis,most models underestimate increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** example,the model-mean bias in anomalous sensible heat flux is 10 W m−2(≈25%)smaller compared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atmospheric *** also find that most GCMs fail to capture the negative feedback between soil moisture and deep *** poor simulation of feedbacks in CMIP6 experiments suggests that forecast models also struggle to exploit soil moisture−driven *** improve the representation of land−atmosphere feedbacks requires developments in not only atmospheric modelling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： model evaluation land-atmosphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

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Spatial distribution modeling of subsurface bedrock using a developed automated intelligence deep learning procedure:A case study in Sweden

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journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第6期13卷 1300-1310页

作者： Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri Chunling Shan emma Zall Stefan Larsson Division of rock Engineering Tyréns ABStockholmSweden johan Lundberg AB UppsalaSweden Division of Soil and rock Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

Due to associated uncertainties,modelling the spatial distribution of depth to bedrock(DTB) is an important and challenging concern in many geo-engineering *** association between DTB,the safety and economy of design structures implies that generating more precise predictive models can be of vital *** the present study,the challenge of applying an optimally predictive threedimensional(3D) spatial DTB model for an area in Stockholm,Sweden was addressed using an automated intelligent computing design *** process was developed and programmed in both C++and Python to track their performance in specified tasks and also to cover a wide variety of diffe rent internal characteristics and *** comparison to the ordinary Kriging(OK) geostatistical tool,the superiority of the developed automated intelligence system was demonstrated through the analysis of confusion matrices and the ranked accuracies of different statistical *** re sults showed that in the absence of measured data,the intelligence models as a flexible and efficient alternative approach can account for associated uncertainties,thus creating more accurate spatial 3D models and providing an appropriate prediction at any point in the subsurface of the study area.

关键词： Automated intelligence system Predictive depth to bedrock(DTB)model Three-dimensional(3D)spatial distribution

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High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed Within the Secondary Severe-Intensity Domain Improves Critical Speed But Not Finite Distance Capacity

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第2期2卷 154-166页

作者： emma jThomas robert W.Pettitt Mark Kramer Biokinetics and Sport Science Unit Nelson Mandela UniversityPort Elizabeth 6070South Africa rocky Mountain University of Health Professions ProvoUT 84606USA Physical Activity Sport and Recreation Research Focus AreaNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa

Purpose Improvements in D'(the fatigability constant for running)subsequent to training interventions remain ***-intensity interval training(HIIT)within the severe intensity domain for short durations(rized to improve D'.The purpose of the present study was to assess this in a group of moderately trained *** Eighteen participants completed graded exercise testing(GXT),40-m sprint testing and a 3-min all-out test(3MT)for running to determine key mechanistic and physiological *** were randomly assigned into one of two groups based on intensity prescription(G140%=140%of critical speed[CS]),or time intervals(G90-s=90-s)to complete a twice-weekly training intervention for 6-weeks followed by *** No between-group differences were present either prior to or following the *** and meaning-ful improvements were detected during the post-intervention period for both groups for VO2max(G140%:+7.60%;G90-s:+11.67%),speed evoking VO2max(sVO2max;G140%:+4.33%;G90_s:+2.92%),gas exchange threshold(GET;G140%:+12.02%;G90-s:+20.52%),speed evoking GET(sGET;G140%:+4.17%;G90_s:+7.92%),CS(G140%:M=0.62 m/s;G90-s:M=0.46 m/s),D'(G140%:M=-56.34 m;G90-s:M=-18.36 m),FI%(G140%M=-6.75%;G90-s:M=-4.38%)and maximal distance(G140%:M=49.67 m;G90_s:M=58.38 m).Conclusions The prescribed intensities and durations were insufficient to elicit improvements in D'.Improvements in D'may be dependent on very short-duration intervals(i.e.rint speed.

关键词： Moderately active Severe intensity Threshold

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Mate-recognition and species boundaries in the ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 1-12页

作者： Simon H.Martin emma T.Steenkamp Michael j.Wingfield Brenda D.Wingfield Department of Genetics Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa

reproductive gene evolution is commonly invoked as a source of reproductive isolation during *** possibility has not been adequately explored in the Ascomycota,the most species-rich fungal *** mechanisms of mate-recognition in this group are relatively simple:a“mating type”locus determines reproductive mode and sexual compatibility,and two pheromone/receptor pairs control sexual ***,ascomycete reproductive genes can experience unique and interesting evolutionary forces,which could lead to rapid *** this review,we examine the mechanisms of sexual interaction in ascomycetes and explore current evidence as to whether these mechanisms allow for species-specificity in *** discuss the evolutionary forces that can drive reproductive gene divergence,how these may apply in the world of ascomycetes,and their possible consequences for speciation.

关键词： Ascomycota Speciation Mating type Pheromone receptor

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