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Liver cancer understaging in liver transplantation in the current era of radiologic imaging and newer generation locoregional therapies

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 233-247页

作者： Hannah M.Lee Donna Mcclish Binu V.John Sarah Winks Ryan clayton Somaya Albhaisi Allawy Allawy Samarth Patel emma c.fields Scott Matherly Brian Strife chandra Bhati Amit Sharma Richard K.Sterling Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Biostatistics Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Division of Digestive Health and Liver Disease University of Miamiand Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMiami VA Health SystemMiamiFL 33125USA Department of Radiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA central Virginia Veterans Health care System RichmondVA 23249USA Department of Radiation Oncology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Hume-Lee Transplant center Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA

Background:Discordance in hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc)staging between pre-transplant imaging and explant pathology is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and *** aim was to evaluate variables that predicted concordance/discordance in the era of new generation locoregional therapies(LRT)and improved radiologic technology in ***:A single-center retrospective study was performed on patients who received a liver transplant for Hcc between ***-and post-LT variables,including type of LRT,downstaging(DS),transplant time period,and radiologic response to LRT,were analyzed for concordance/***-Meier analysis was used to assess post-LT ***:Of 146 patients transplanted within Milan criteria(Mc),discordance rates(understaged)were 45%.Discordance was associated with≥3 Hcc lesions at diagnosis but not newer generation LRT(transarterial radioembolization/stereotactic body radiation therapy),traditional LRT or *** differences in discordance were seen between transplant periods(2008-2013 vs.2014-2019),but those within Mc in the earlier period had higher concordance rates.A trend was observed between DS and ***:Hcc stage discordance remains common and poorly *** was associated with three or more Hcc lesions at the time of *** within Mc transplanted between 2008-2013 was associated with concordance,while a trend was noted between DS and *** other pre-or post-LT variables predicted discordance/*** was associated with decreased survival.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma understaging liver transplant radioembolization stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)

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Hear no evil： The effect of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidance, learned avoidance and memory

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current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： emma c. SIDDALL Nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .

关键词： Aposematism Auditory signals Dietary conservatism Avoidance learning Memorability Multimodal signaling

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The effect of pyrazine odor on avoidance learning and memory in wild robins Erithacus rubecula

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current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： emma c. SIDDALL Nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic insects advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use cues through more than one sensory modality, and combine color, smell and sound to produce a multimodal warning display. Signalling through more than one sensory pathway may enhance the rate of avoidance learning, and the memorability of the learned avoidance. A common insect warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to increase the rate of learned avoidance of unpalatable yellow prey by domestic chicks （GaUus gallus domesticus）, and the odor also improved memory of this learned avoidance. However, to date no research has examined this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural conditions. This study used wild robins （Erithacus rubecula） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that smelled of pyrazine more strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide some evidence that pyrazine odor does increase the level of protection an aposematic insect gains from a wild avian predator, but that the effect of pyrazine on learned avoidance was much weaker than was found with domestic chicks .

关键词： Aposematism Learned avoidance Memory Multimodal warning display Pyrazine Robins

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The birth hour of mammals:insights from intra-specific variation in wild blue monkeys

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current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 499-506页

作者： Marina cords emma Gometz Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA New York consortium in Evolutionary Primatology 695 Park AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA

While most mammals show birth hour peaks at times of the 24-h cycle when they are less active,there are exceptions to this general *** exceptions have been little explored,but may clarify evolutionary reasons for the diel timing of *** investigated intraspecific variation in birth hour in wild blue monkeys cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni,a diurnal primate,to identify factors that differentiated daytime versus nighttime *** and life history data from 14 groups over 14 years revealed that 4%of 484 births occurred during the *** of daytime birth varied with mother’s age,peaking at 15.7 *** whose annual timing deviated most from the population’s peak birth months were 5 times more likely to occur during daytime than those that deviated *** was no evidence that mother’s rank or infant sex influenced birth hour,and mixed evidence that daytime births were more probable in larger *** did not differ significantly for infants born during the day versus ***-aged mothers may be able to handle the consequences of an unusual birth hour more successfully than mothers with less experience or those weakened by *** birth may be more advantageous in the off-season because nights are colder at that time of *** findings are consistent with hypotheses relating birth hour to the risk of losing social protection in group-living animals,but are not consistent with those emphasizing risk of conspecific *** of within-species variation can help in evaluating evolutionary hypotheses for non-random birth hour.

关键词： birth timing cercopithecus mitis circadian pattern diel cycle guenon parturition

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Role of support in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysed by Ni/cexTiyO2

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第2期28卷 168-177页

作者： Salina Jantarang emma c.Lovell Tze Hao Tan Jason Scott Rose Amal Particles and catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering The University of New South Wales

Nickel was supported on varied ratios of ceria-titania mixed oxides（Ni/cexTiyO2） to evaluate the role the support plays in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce methane. In a batch photothermal reactor system, Ni/ceO2achieved the highest conversion rate, reaching a conversion of 93% in approximately60–90 min. To decouple the influence of light and heat, the cO2hydrogenation was examined in an in-house designed photothermal reactor, whereby heat can be applied externally. Decoupling experiments revealed that heat from the thermalisation by light was the main driving force for the reaction. In addition, the conversion and temperature profile of the different catalysts revealed that the catalyst performance was governed by catalyst reducibility. H2-TPR analyses showed that the Ni became more readily reducible with increasing ce O2content,suggesting that the oxide plays a role in activating the Ni. The reduction temperature of the nickel catalyst（following a reduction and passivation process） was below 200 °c, which meant that the inherent heating temperature of the photothermal reactor was sufficient to initiate Ni/cexTiyO2catalyst activity. The exothermic methanation reaction was then able to heat the system further, ultimately reaching a temperature of 285 °c. The ancillary rise in temperature promotes further nickel reduction and methane formation, leading to a "snow-ball"effect. The findings demonstrate that, to achieve a "snow-ball" effect in a photothermal system, designing a catalyst which is easy to reduce, active for cO2hydrogenation, and capable of converting light to heat for its initial activation is critical.

关键词： Photothermal cO2 Methanation ceria Titania Nickel Reducibility

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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-county Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona c.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny college of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA college of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union county reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette county reported the lowest. county-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette county emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. county profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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Larger floods reduce soil cO_(2)efflux during the post-flooding phase in seasonally flooded forests of Western Amazonia

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 342-352页

作者： emma M.DOcHERTY Andrew D.THOMAS Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth SY233DB(UK) School of Geography University of LeedsLeeds LS29JT(UK)

Seasonally flooded várzea forests of Western Amazonia are one of the most productive and biodiverse wetland forests in the ***,data on their soil cO_(2)emissions,soil organic matter decomposition rates,and soil c stocks are *** is a concern because hydrological changes are predicted to lead to increases in the height,extent,and duration of seasonal floods,which are likely to have a significant effect on soil c stocks and ***,with no empirical data,the impact of altered flood regimes on várzea soil c cycles remains *** study quantified the effects of maximum annual flood height and soil moisture on soil cO_(2)efflux rate(R_(s))and soil organic matter decomposition rate(k)in the várzea forests of Pacaya Samiria National Reserve,*** study was conducted between May and August *** results showed that R_(s)(10.6–182.7 mg c m^(-2)h^(-1))and k(0.016–0.078)varied between and within sites,and were considerably lower than the values reported for other tropical *** addition,R_(s)was negatively affected by flood height(Pcreased with decreasing river levels post flooding(Pcontrast,k was not affected by any of the above-mentioned *** moisture was the dominant factor influencing R_(s),and it was significantly affected by maximum flood height,even after the floods had subsided(Pconsequently,we concluded that larger floods will likely lead to reduced R_(s),whilst k could remain unchanged but with decomposition processes becoming more anaerobic.

关键词： c cycle climate change greenhouse gas soil cO_(2)emissions soil moisture soil organic matter decomposition rate tropical forest

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Monitoring magnesium degradation using microdialysis and fabric-based biosensors

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Science china Materials 2018年第4期61卷 643-651页

作者： M.Su Natasha Radha S.P.Malon Dedy H.B.Wicaksono emma P.córcoles Hendra Hermawan Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology Swiss German University Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-cNM) CSIC Campus UAB Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center

This paper describes the development of a monitoring system capable of detecting the concentration of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)) released during the degradation of magnesium implants. The system consists of a microdialysis probe that samples fluid adjacent to the implant and a catalytic biosensor specific to Mg^(2+)ions. The biosensor was fabricated on a cotton fabric platform, in which a mixture of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase enzymes was immobilized on the fabric device via a simple matrix entrapment technique of the cotton fibers. Pure magnesium was used as the implant material. Subsequently, the concentration of ions released from the degradation of the magnesium specimen in Ringer's solution was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. The device demonstrated a pseudo-linear response from 0.005 to 0.1 mmol L^(-1) with a slope of 67.48 μA mmol^(-1) L. Detectable interfering species were lesser than 1%indicating a high selectivity of the fabric device. Furthermore,the device requires only 3 μL of fluid sample to complete the measurement compared to spectroscopic method(±50 μL),hence providing a higher temporal resolution and reduced sampling time. The system could potentially provide a real time assessment of the degradation behavior, a new studied aspect in biodegradable metals research.

关键词： biodegradable metal biosensor fabric device magnesium microdialysis

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Quantifying Electrochemical Processes in Batteries and Beyond

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第4期5卷 1001-1004页

作者： emma N.Antonio Michael F.Toney Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Joint center for Energy Storage Research(JcESR) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Department of chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA

The correlation of electrochemical measurements with materials characterization has advanced our understanding of operation and degradation mechanisms in electrochemical energy storage and many other ***,often these correlations are qualitative,preventing the unambiguous identification of both operational principles and the root causes of performance *** we suggest quantitative approaches to define competing mechanisms and determine their relative *** illustrate the importance of quantitative methodologies over a range of electrochemical systems and highlight the need to consider the effect of the experimental design and measurement *** approaches will reveal the most detrimental degradation mechanisms and enable the development of strategies to suppress,stabilize or eliminate them,leading to materials and devices with longer lifetimes,reduced environmental impact,and improved performance.

关键词： electrochemistry in situ and operando characterization batteries quantification materials science

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Antigen-specific mRNA lipid nanoparticle platforms for the prevention and treatment of allergy and autoimmune diseases

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BMEMat(BioMedical Engineering Materials) 2024年第2期2卷 61-68页

作者： emma Y.Yim Amanda c.Zhou Yvonne c.Yim Xiang Wang Tian Xia Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA Division of NanoMedicine Department of MedicineCenter for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology(UC CEIN)California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA

While most nanomedicines primarily aim to stimulate the immune system against infections or tumors,there is a growing demand for inducing immune tolerance under certain conditions,such as allergic and autoimmune *** have explored nanotechnology-based strategies to induce immune tolerance in a targeted and specific *** approach involves the use of nanoparticles(NPs)to encapsulate immunosuppressive drugs and/or antigens to educate naïve T cells and promote the generation of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that inhibit immune ***,this approach has certain *** hydrophobicity of proteins or peptides restricts the degree to which they can be encapsulated in NPs,which in turn,affects their loading efficiency and treatment *** the emergence of mRNA lipid nanoparticle(LNP)platforms,there is the possibility of overcoming the limitations of protein and peptide *** date,mRNA LNP systems have been shown to provide organ,cellular,and subcellular targeting for the induction of immune *** method of drug delivery is flexible and scalable that can be customized for a specific patient,resulting in an effective means of administering relevant proteins or epitopes to induce antigen-specific immune *** continued research and development,this technology could offer a safer and more effective alternative to current therapies,ultimately improving the quality of life of patients worldwide.

关键词： allergy autoimmune diseases immune tolerance mRNA lipid nanoparticle nanomedicine

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