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The Prevalence of High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in a Primary Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Cervical Screening Programme Population with HPV Positive and Cytology Negative Smear Results

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第7期10卷 902-908页

作者： Simon G. Williams Ayesha Anwar Sachinta G. Wijesiri Sangeetha Palaparthy emma winter Specialty Trainee in O&G South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust Sunderland UK Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust Carlisle UK Specialty Trainee in O&G County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust Durham UK Specialty Trainee in O&G Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow UK Specialty Doctor in Gynaecology and Colposcopy Services North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Trust Carlisle UK

High-risk HPV is found in 99.7% of cervical cancers. The causative role of HPV in cervical cancer has led to the inclusion of HPV testing as part of cervical screening. A pilot of HPV testing as primary screening was commenced in 2013 at six pilot sites in England. North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC) NHS Foundation Trust took part in the pilot, in which women with an HPV-positive/cytology-negative result were recalled at 12 months. Women with HPV type 16/18 found at initial screening and persisting at 12 months in spite of negative cytology were referred to Colposcopy services at 12 months. Women with smear positive for hrHPV other than 16/18 types were recalled twice at 12 and 24 months before referral to colposcopy. Persistent hrHPV positive/cytology negative smear at 12 and 24 months initiated a colposcopy referral. Objective: To assess the prevalence of high grade CIN and invasive cancer in patients referred to colposcopy services at NCIC NHS Foundation Trust with hrHPV positive/cytology negative smears. Method: The study was conducted at NCIC NHS Foundation Trust between January 2015 and December 2017. Data was collected retrospectively from the colposcopy data base (INFOFLEX). All patients with HPV positive/cytology negative smears seen in colposcopy clinic during the study period were included. Patients with high grade CIN, cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) or invasive cancer were recorded. Results: 763 women were included in the study. A total of 50 (6.6%) women had high grade CIN, CGIN or invasive cancer. 40 of these 50 women (80%) were treated by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). <

关键词： Cervical Screening Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cervical Cancer Human Papillomavirus Colposcopy

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Impact of the Armed Conflict of 2015-2016 in Aden on Health Services and the Availability of Medicines

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Health 2017年第4期9卷 685-696页

作者： Zeyad Sallami Yasmin Kassim Jinisha Selvaraj emma Parry George winter Bronglais Hospital Aberystwyth Ceredigion Wales UK

To assess the impact of the armed conflict of 2015-2016 on the availability of medicines and health service in Aden Governorate whilst the rebels over-run the city. A cross sectional survey was done during the period, September-November 2016. The survey included 63 medicinal preparations as marker medicines in 142 public health facilities including private pharmacies. Direct questions and a retrospective study of the United Nations and other organizations that were working in area reporting were studied. I.V. fluids had the highest availability in the market whilst vaccines had the lowest average availability at 60%. Medicine prices were increased by 71%. The function of health facilities was almost on the verge of collapse. The four districts containing the main hospital and the medical stores were inaccessible and completely controlled by the rebels. Two out of six hospitals remain functional. Dengue and malaria rampantly spread and approximately 65,250 civilians were affected. The situation was further aggravated by the absence of basic services such as electricity, water and food.

关键词： Armed Conflict Aden Yemen Affordability Availability Lifesaving Medicines

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THE OTHER SIDE OF JOY Challenges of Chinese New Year

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2015年第2期 16-17页

作者： emma GUO 不详

Chinese New Yeai;Spring Festival,the largest human migration in the world-they are all different names for the same thing:essential winter family time in *** the most important celebration of the year for Chinese people.

关键词： Spring China. SIDE

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