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Wuthering Heights

Better together?Comparing physical activity of parents walking outdoors with and without their child

作者： emily Bront.

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sports Medicine and Health science 2023年第3期5卷 190-195页

作者： Patrick M.Filanowski emily slade Department of sport science&Management Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOH45207USA Department of Biostatistics University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA

This study compares the physical activity levels and enjoyment of parents(n=50;age=41.8±4.0 years)during outdoor,self-paced walking sessions while walking alone and when walking with their 6-to-12-year-old *** counts,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA),vigorous physical activity,and enjoyment were compared using paired *** modeling was used to examine the impact of children's age and adults'and children's body mass index on the disparity in step counts experienced by *** attained high percentages of time spent in MVPA while walking alone(99.8%)and when walking with their child(96.6%).However,more of this time was categorized as vigorous physical activity when walking alone(13.6%vs.3.0%,p=0.006).Adults'step counts decreased by an average of 6.4%while walking with their child compared to walking alone(ps reduction was greater for parents of younger children(p=0.004).In obese adults,the reduction in step counts experienced while walking with their child was not as great as the reduction experienced by normal-weight adults(p=0.042).Although adults obtained higher step counts and vigorous physical activity while walking alone,they enjoyed walking more with their child(ps should be aware of this tradeoff when making recommendations for parent-child co-participation in physical activity,and parents may wish to supplement their physical activity obtained while walking with their child(ren)with additional activities that result in vigorous physical activity.

关键词： alone walking younger

Leisure participation patterns and gender wage gap:Evidence from Chinese manufacturing industry

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China Finance and Economic Review 2017年第4期6卷 3-22页

作者： Wei Xiang Ma emily Wang Pengfei National Academy of Economic strategy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Department of Tourism LeisureHotel and Sport ManagementGriffith UniversityNathan Campus Graduate school of Chinese Academy of social sciences

This paper aims at explaining the gender wage gap in the labor market from the perspective of leisure participation patterns between men and *** traditional view is that time and effort spent in child-bearing activities are major sources of gender wage ***,particularly in Chinese society are the major career of children and share a large portion of housework,thus,lacking time for the accumulation of human *** directly affects women’s employment status in the labor market as well as wages gaps with *** study empirically examines the within-job wage differences between men and women in the same occupation and establishment in relationship to their leisure participation *** were collected via Time Diary survey from“blue-collar”employees of a Chinese factory,producing parts for *** results showed that differences of time allocation in social time and passive leisure time between men and women contribute to gender wage *** study also uncovered the hidden gender discrimination in a male-dominated *** study calls for institutional arrangements by the Chinese government to acknowledge women’s need and rights in workplace.

关键词： gender wage gap leisure participation pattern China

Acute chylous ascites mimicking acute appendicitis in a patient with pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4849-4852页

作者： emily K smith Edmund Ek Daniel Croagh Lavinia A spain stephen Farrell Department of surgery St Vincent's Hospital Melbournec/o St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Department of surgery St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Department of Colorectal surgery St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne

We report a case of acute chylous peritonitis mimicking acute appendicitis in a man with acute on chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatitis, both acute and chronic, causing the development of acute chylous ascites and peritonitis has rarely been reported in the English literature. This is the fourth published case of acute chylous ascites mimicking acute appendicitis in the literature.

关键词： Chylous ascites Pancreatitis

Auditory perceptual efficacy of nonlinear frequency compression used in hearing aids:A review

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Journal of Otology 2017年第3期12卷 97-111页

作者： Yitao Mao Jing Yang emily Hahn Li Xu Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Communication sciences and Disorders Ohio University Communication sciences and Disorders University of Central Arkansas

Many patients with sensorineural hearing loss have a precipitous high-frequency loss with relatively good thresholds in the low *** present paper briefly introduces and compares the basic principles of four types of frequency lowering algorithms with emphasis on nonlinear frequency compression(NLFC). A review of the effects of the NLFC algorithm on speech and music perception and sound quality appraisal is then provided. For vowel perception, it seems that the benefits provided by NLFC are limited, which are probably related to the parameter settings of the compression. For consonant perception, several studies have shown that NLFC provides improved perception of highfrequency consonants such as/s/and/z/. However, a few other studies have demonstrated negative results in consonant perception. In terms of sentence recognition, persistent use of NLFC might provide improved performance. Compared to the conventional processing, NLFC does not alter the speech sound quality appraisal and music perception as long as the compression setting is not too aggressive. In the subsequent section,the relevant factors with regard to NLFC settings, time-course of acclimatization, listener characteristics, and perceptual tasks are *** the literature shows mixed results on the perceptual efficacy of NLFC, this technique improved certain aspects of speech understanding in certain hearing-impaired listeners. Little research is available on speech perception outcomes in languages other than English. More clinical data are needed to verify the perceptual efficacy of NLFC in patients with precipitous high-frequency hearing loss. such knowledge will help guide clinical rehabilitation of those patients.

关键词： Nonlinear frequency compression Hearing loss Hearing aids speech perception Music perception

Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks emily G. Robb H. Michael G. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary synthesis (CEEs) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2019年第2期10卷 149-165页

作者： Jenni Barclay emily Wilkinson Carole s.White Clare shelton Johanna Forster Roger Few Irene Lorenzoni George Woolhouse Claire Jowitt Harriette stone Lennox Honychurch school of Environmental sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Overseas Development Institute London SE18NJUK school of International Development University of EastAngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics HRWallingfordHowbery ParkWallingford OX108BAUK school of History University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversityCollege LondonLondon WC1E6BTUK University of the West Indies Open Campus DominicaRoseauDominica

The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.

关键词： Dominica Historical trajectories Natural hazards Resilience Risk exposure small island developing states

Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane Laurence E A Feyten emily Collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,UsA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 118-133页

作者： Heather D.MAsONJONEs emily ROsE Lori Benson McRAE Danielle L.DIXsON Biology Department University of Tampa Biology Department Texas A & M University school of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University

seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while s. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

关键词： syngnathids Habitat-use seahorse Pipefish Population density Mark-recapture