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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2023年第1期11卷 78-96页

作者： Megan l. Steele emily M. Spatz George P. lemmer Jacob M. Denney Jeremy M. Slagley Casey W. Cooper Robert M. Eninger Fenic Ltd. Dayton USA Department of Systems Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Montgomery County USA Air Force Materiel Command Office of the Command Surgeon Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Montgomery County USA

Contaminated or infected patients present a risk of cross-contamination for emergency responders, attending medical personnel and medical facilities as they enter a treatment facility. The controlled conditions of an aerosol test chamber are required to examine factors of contamination, decontamination, and cross-contamination. This study presents the design, construction, and a method for characterizing an aerosol test chamber for a full-sized manikin on a standard North Atlantic Treaty Organization litter. The methodology combined air velocity measurements, aerosol particle counts and size distributions, and computational fluid dynamics modeling to describe the chamber’s performance in three dimensions. This detailed characterization facilitates future experimental design by predicting chamber performance for a variety of patient-focused research.

关键词： Test Chamber Characterization Aerosol Generation Exposure Chamber Design Air Velocity Mapping Spatial Variability CFD Modeling Patient Decontamination

Effect of Citric Acid on the Total Monomeric Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Activity of liquor Made from Unprocessed Purple leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan Tea Clone

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第10期10卷 1191-1201页

作者： emily C. Kilel John K. Wanyoko Abdul K. Faraj Peninah Ngoda Department of Food Science and Nutrition Karatina University Karatina Kenya Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Njoro Egerton Kenya Kenya Agricultural livestock Research Organization-Tea Research Institute Kericho Kenya.

A study was conducted to find out the effect of citric acid on total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of liquor made from unprocessed purple-leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan tea, brewed at various time/temperature combinations. Most purple tea consumers usually brew the tea leaves then add some lemon juice before consuming it. Citric acid was used here to mimic the use of lemon juice. Documentation on the quality of such a brew is scanty and the effect of acid on its quality is equally scanty. The current study used brewing time/temperature combinations of 5, 10 and 15 minutes with 70°C and 92°C drinking water. Total monomeric anthocyanins were analysed using UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) while DDPH method was used to assay for antioxidant activity. Citric acid concentration of 0, 0.1% to 0.5% was used to check their effect on the brews with the highest total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. The results showed that brewing temperature of 70°C had 9.5 mg/l to 27.7 mg/l, with 5 minutes brewing time being the highest. Temperature of 92°C had 37.5 mg/l to 92 mg/l with 5 minutes brewing time having the highest total monomeric anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity of 92°C brewing temperature ranged from 90.7% to 92.0%. Total monomeric anthocyanins increased with increased citric acid concentration up to 0.3% before it decreases while for antioxidant activity, it decreased with addition of citric acid. It was concluded that for maximum anthocyanins extraction, 5 minutes brewing time is the best while ten minutes brewing time could give optimum antioxidant activity.

关键词： TRFK 306 Total Monomeric Anthocyanins Antioxidant Activity Citric Acid Brewing Conditions

A Fair Plan to Safeguard Earth’s Climate. 3: Outlook for Global Temperature Change throughout the 21st Century

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第6期4卷 653-664页

作者： Michael E. Schlesinger Daniela lindner Michael J. Ring emily F. Cross Climate Research Group Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana USA

We apply Singular Spectrum Analysis to four datasets of observed global-mean near-surface temperature from start year to through 2012: HadCRU (to = 1850), NOAA (to = 1880), NASA (to = 1880), and JMA (to = 1891). For each dataset, SSA reveals a trend of increasing temperature and several quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). QPOs 1, 2 and 3 are predictable on a year-by-year basis by sine waves with periods/amplitudes of: 1) 62.4 years/0.11°C;2) 20.1 to 21.4 years/0.04°C to 0.05°C;and 3) 9.1 to 9.2 years/0.03°C to 0.04°C. The remainder of the natur°l variability is not predictable on a year-by-year basis. We represent this noise by its 90 percent confidence interval. We combine the predictable and unpredictable natural variability with the temperature changes caused by the 11-year solar cycle and humanity, the latter for both the Reference and Revised-Fair-Plan scenarios for future emissions of greenhouse gases. The resulting temperature departures show that we have moved from the first phase of learning—Ignorance—through the second phase—Uncertainty—and are now entering the third phase—Resolution—when the human-caused signal is much larger than the natural variability. Accordingly, it is now time to transition to the post-fossil-fuel age by phasing out fossil-fuel emissions from 2020 through 2100.

关键词： Climate Change Global Warming Greenhouse-Gas Emissions Mitigation

Safety Properties and Probiotic Potential of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第6期6卷 432-452页

作者： Ammar AlGburi Anna Volski Carla Cugini emily M. Walsh Vladimir A. Chistyakov Maria S. Mazanko Anzhelica B. Bren leon M. T. Dicks Michael l. Chikindas Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rutgers State University New Brunswick NJ USA Department of Microbiology Veterinary College Diyala University Baqubah Iraq School of Arts and Science Rutgers State University New Brunswick NJ USA Department of Oral Biology Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark NJ USA Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers State University New Brunswick NJ USA D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don Russia Department of Microbiology University of Stellenbosch Matieland South Africa Health Promoting Naturals laboratory School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers State University New Brunswick NJ USA Astrabiol LLC Highland Park NJ USA Center for Digestive Health New Jersey Institute for Food Nutrition and Health New Brunswick NJ USA

This study reports on the safety and putative probiotic properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933. According to the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, cell-free supernatants of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were not mutagenic. The two strains co-aggregated with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cell-free supernatants inhibited the growth of Streptococcus intermedius and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Endospores of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were tolerant to 0.3% (w/v) bile salts and survived incubation for 4 h in MRS broth at pH 2.0 to 3.0. The ability of the two strains to produce antimicrobial compounds potentiates their application in health care formulations, personal care products, food and animal feed.

关键词： Bacillus Safety Probiotics Antimicrobials Bacteriocins Spores

Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第7期6卷 537-558页

作者： Andriy Noshchenko lilian Hoffecker emily M lindley Evalina l Burger Christopher MJ Cain Vikas V Patel Andrew P Bradford Department of Orthopaedics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences library University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Orthopaedics and Gyneco-logy University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria:(1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies;(2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and(3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDlINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, Pub Medand patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio(OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of ***: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics:(1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment;(2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment;(3) initial Cobb angle severity(> 25o);(4) osteopenia;(5) patient age letal immaturity;(8) thoracic deformity;(9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and(10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes:(1) calmodulin 1;(2) estrogen receptor 1;(3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1;(3) insulin-like growth factor 1;(5) neurotrophin 3;(6) interleukin-17 receptor C;(7) melatonin receptor 1B, and(8) Scoli Score test. Other predictors included:(1) impairment of mela

关键词： Orthopedics Scoliosis Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Spine deformity Predictors

African eggplant(Solanum anguivi lam.)fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca^(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第10期3卷 757-766页

作者： Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti Jean Paul Kamdem Aline Augusti Bolingon Margareth linde Athayde Seeger Rodrigo lopes emily Pansera Waczuk Ige Joseph Kade Isaac Gbadura Adanlawo Joao Batista Teixeira Rocha Department of Biochemistry Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungbaOndo StateNigeria Postgraduate Programme in Biochemical Toxicology Department of ChemistryCCNE.Federal University of Santa Maria.Campus CamobiSanta MariaRS.97105-900Brazil Postgraduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Santa MariaCampus CamohiSanta MariaRS97105-900.Brazil Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sinteticos.Universidade Federal do Pampa CEP 97500-970 UruguaianaRSBrazil Department of Biochemistry Federal University of TechnologyAkureOndo StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry University of Ado EkitiEkiti State.Nigeria

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit(SAG)and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψ_m)isolated from rat ***:Antioxidant activity of SAG was assayed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),reducing power,iron chelation and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in both liver and brain homogenate of ***,the effect of SAG on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial swelling were *** and quantification of bioactive polyphenolics was done by ***:SAG exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical-scavenging activity(IC_(50)/DPPH=275.03±7.8μg/ml).Reductive and iron chelation abilities also increase with increase in SAG *** also inhibited peroxidation of cerebral and hepatic lipids subjected to iron oxidative *** protected against Ca^(2+)(110μmol/l)-induced mitochondrial swelling and maintained the△Ψ_*** analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid[(17.54±0.04)mg/g],chlorogenic acid(21.90±0.02 mg/g),caffeic acid(16.64±0.01 mg/g).rutin[(14.71±0.03)mg/g]and quercetin[(7.39±0.05)mg/g].Conclusions:These effects could be attributed to the bioactive polyphenolic compounds present in the *** results suggest that SAG extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may be used not only in pharmaceutical and food industry but also in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

关键词： Solanum anguivi fruit Antioxidant activity Oxidative stress Mitochondrial swelling HPlC Polyphenolic compounds MPTP

Evaluating the physicochemical effects of conjugating peptides into thermogelling hydrogels for regenerative biomaterials applications

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2021年第6期8卷 260-272页

作者： Hannah A.Pearce emily Y.Jiang Joseph W.R.Swain Adam M.Navara Jason l.Guo Yu Seon Kim Andrew Woehr Jeffrey D.Hartgerink Antonios G.Mikos Department of Bioengineering Rice University6500 Main StreetHoustonTX 77030USA Depatment of Chemistry Rice University6500 Main StreetHoustonTX 77030USA

Thermogelling hydrogels,such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)[P(NiPAAm)],provide tunable constructs leveraged in many regenerative biomaterial ***,our lab developed the crosslinker poly(glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glycolic acid)-di(but-2-yne-1,4-dithiol),which crosslinks P(NiPAAm-co-glycidyl methacrylate)via thiol-epoxy reaction and can be functionalized with azide-terminated peptides via alkyne-azide click *** study’s aim was to evaluate the impact of peptides on the physicochemical properties of the *** physicochemical properties of the hydrogels including the lower critical solution temperature,crosslinking times,swelling,degradation,peptide release and cytocompatibility were *** gels bearing peptides increased equilibrium swelling indicating hydrophilicity of the hydrogel *** sol fractions were found for all groups,indicating that inclusion of peptides does not impact ***,the inclusion of a matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive peptide allowed elucidation of whether release of peptides from the network was driven by hydrolysis or enzymatic *** hydrophilicity of the network determined by the swelling behavior was demonstrated to be the most important factor in dictating hydrogel behavior over *** study demonstrates the importance of characterizing the impact of additives on the physicochemical properties of *** characteristics are key in determining design considerations for future in vitro and in vivo studies for tissue regeneration.

关键词： thermogelling click chemistry hydrogels peptides poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-lIKE (SVl) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2404-2415页

作者： Greg S.Goralogia Glenn T.Howe Amy M.Brunner emily Helliwell Michael F.Nagle Cathleen Ma Haiwei lu Amanda l.Goddard Anna C.Magnuson Amy l.Klocko Steven H.Strauss Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Biology University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA

The spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants,particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as *** report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-lIKE(SVl),a homolog of the Arabidopsis MADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP),delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic *** expression of SVl correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance,and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics,tree form,or stem *** effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and *** results suggest that use of SVl and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.

关键词： field planted crops

Host Factors Alter Effects of Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 on Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Mice

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2016年第4期6卷 277-290页

作者： Sichen liu emily M. Smith Timothy H. King lindsey Glenn Michelle Trevino So Hyun Park Yui Machida Ciriaco Villaflor Wojciech Grzesik Margaret A. Morris Yumi Imai Jerry l. Nadler Eastern Virginia Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Strelitz Diabetes Center Norfolk VA USA Department of Internal Medicine Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA USA

Recovery of functional beta cell mass offers a biological cure for type 1 diabetes. However, beta cell mass is difficult to regain once lost since the proliferation rate of beta cells after youth is very low. Angiopoietin like-protein 8 (ANGPTl8), a peptide that has a role in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, was reported to increase beta cell proliferation in mice in 2013. Subsequent studies of human ANGPTl8 for short term (3 to 8 days) in non-diabetic mice showed little or no increase in beta cell proliferation. Here, we examined the effect of ANGPTl8 on glucose homeostasis in models that have not been examined previously. We expressed mouse ANGPTl8 using adenovirus in 2 mouse models of diabetes (streptozotocin and Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice) over 2 weeks. Also, we tested ANGPTl8 in NOD mice deficient in leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase (12lO), an enzyme that contributes to insulitis and loss of beta cell function in NOD, in an effort to determine whether 12lO deficiency alters the response to ANGPTl8. Adenovirus-mediated expression of ANGPTl8 lowered blood glucose levels in streptozotocin treated mice without an increase in beta cell proliferation or serum insulin concentration. While ANGPTl8 did not reverse hyperglycemia in overtly hyperglycemic NOD mice or alter glucose homeostasis of non-diabetic NOD mice, ANGPTl8 reduced blood glucose levels in 12lOKO NOD mice. However, the lower glucose levels in 12lOKO NOD were not associated with higher serum insulin levels or beta cell proliferation. In summary, while mouse ANGPTl8 does not increase beta cell proliferation in NOD mice or streptozotocin treated mice in agreement with studies in non-diabetic mice, it lowers blood glucose levels in multiple low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetes and 12lO deficiency indicating that host factors influence the impact of ANGPTl8 on glucose homeostasis.

关键词： Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 Type 1 Diabetes NOD 12-lipoxygenase Beta Cells Glucose Homeostasis