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Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： emily a.hibba.d Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George d.Bittner dale R.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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Neuroprotection by resveratrol-glucuronide and quercetin-glucuronide via binding to polyphenol-and glycosaminoglycan-binding sites in the laminin receptor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 819-820页

作者： Rayudu Gopalakrishna Jennifer Aguilar emily Lee William J.Mack department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The dietary polyphenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin prevent neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models;however, they reach the brain only in nanomolar concentrations in the glucuronidated and sulfated ... 详细信息

关键词： resveratrol molar dated

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy emily a.hibba.d Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak dale R.Sengelaub George d.Bittner department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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The pig as a preclinical traumatic brain injury model:current models,functional outcome measures,and translational detection strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 413-424页

作者： Holly A.Kinder emily W.Baker Franklin d.West Regenerative Bioscience Center University of Georgia department of Animal and dairy Science University of Georgia

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a major contributor of long-term disability and a leading cause of death worldwide. A series of secondary injury cascades can contribute to cell death, tissue loss, and ultimately to the development of functional impairments. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions that improve brain outcomes following TBI. As a result, a number of experimental TBI models have been developed to recapitulate TBI injury mechanisms and to test the efficacy of potential therapeutics. The pig model has recently come to the forefront as the pig brain is closer in size, structure, and composition to the human brain compared to traditional rodent models, making it an ideal large animal model to study TBI pathophysiology and functional outcomes. This review will focus on the shared characteristics between humans and pigs that make them ideal for modeling TBI and will review the three most common pig TBI models–the diffuse axonal injury, the controlled cortical impact, and the fluid percussion models. It will also review current advances in functional outcome assessment measures and other non-invasive, translational TBI detection and measurement tools like biomarker analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The use of pigs as TBI models and the continued development and improvement of translational assessment modalities have made significant contributions to unraveling the complex cascade of TBI sequela and provide an important means to study potential clinically relevant therapeutic interventions.

关键词： traumatic brain injury large animal model pig model diffuse axonal injury functional outcome assessment measures controlled cortical impact model fluid percussion injury model magnetic resonance imaging,biomarkers

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South Asian dairy smallholders: A scoping review of practices and zoonoses

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第10期16卷 446-452页

作者： emily Schembri Angus J d Campbell Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia The Nossal Institute for Global Health The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia The Peter doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne HospitalVictoriaAustralia

Objective: To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia. Methods: This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region. Conclusions: Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.

关键词： Management practices Zoonoses dairy Smallholder system

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An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 118-133页

作者： Heather d.MASONJONES emily ROSE Lori Benson McRAE danielle L.dIXSON Biology department University of Tampa Biology department Texas A & M University School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University

Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

关键词： Syngnathids Habitat-use Seahorse Pipefish Population density Mark-recapture

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Laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal liver metastases—shortand long-term outcomes:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第7期13卷 732-757页

作者： emily Taillieu Celine de Meyere Frederiek Nuytens Chris Verslype Mathieu d'Hondt department of digestive and Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery AZ GroeningeKortrijk 8500Belgium department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium

BACKGROUNd For well-selected patients and procedures,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)has become the gold standard for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)when performed in specialized ***,little is currently known concerning patient-related and peri-operative factors that could play a role in survival outcomes associated with LLR for *** To provide an extensive summary of reported outcomes and prognostic factors associated with LLR for *** A systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and the Cochrane Library using the keywords“colorectal liver metastases”,“laparoscopy”,“liver resection”,“prognostic factors”,“outcomes”and“survival”.Only publications written in English and published until december 2019 were ***,abstracts of which no accompanying full text was published,reviews,case reports,letters,protocols,comments,surveys and animal studies were *** search results were saved to Endnote Online and imported in Rayyan for systematic *** of interest were extracted from the included publications and tabulated for qualitative *** Out of 1064 articles retrieved by means of a systematic and grey literature search,77 were included for qualitative ***-two research papers provided data concerning outcomes of LLR for *** papers were eligible for extraction of data concerning prognostic factors affecting survival *** analysis of the collected data showed that LLR for CRLM is safe,feasible and provides oncological *** research groups have reported on the short-term advantages of LLR compared to open *** obtained results accounted for minor LLR,as well as major LLR,simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection,LLR of posterosuperior segments,twostage hepatectomy and repeat LLR for *** research groups so far have studied prognostic factors affecting long-term outcomes of LLR for ***

关键词： Laparoscopic liver resection Colorectal liver metastases Outcomes Prognostic factors Systematic review

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Effects of Acute Exercise on Verbal, Mathematical, and Spatial Insight Creativity

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 87-96页

作者： Myungjin Jung emily Frith Minsoo Kang Paul d.Loprinzi Exercise and Memory Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA Health and Sport Analytics Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA Center for Healthy Aging College of Health and Human DevelopmentPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

This experiment was designed to accommodate the diversified verbal,mathematical,and spatial skills of young adults,which have not yet to be collectively evaluated in research projects focused on acute exercise and creativity among college *** emerging research suggests that acute moderate-intensity exercise may influence human creativity,creativity during and after exercise has not been experimentally *** differences are plausible,as previous work demonstrates that memory can be differentially influenced based on whether the memory task occurs during or after ***,the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute moderate‐intensity treadmill walking,for 15 min,on verbal,mathematical,and spatial insight creativity performance while considering the timing of the exercise and creativity *** a sample of 20 undergraduate students,all completed three randomized laboratory visits in this within-subjects design:control condition,insight problem-solving following exercise,and insight problem-solving during *** also completed six insight creativity tasks(two verbal,two mathematical,and two spatial tasks)per visit,with the order of task-presentation randomized and counterbalanced across the three *** insight creativity scores were similar across the three exercise manipulations:That is,verbal insight[F(2,18)=0.689,P=0.51],mathematical insight[F(2,18)=0.033,P=0.97],and spatial insight[F(2,18)=1.0,P=0.38]performance were not statistically significant across the three ***,moderate-intensity acute exercise may not appreciably influence verbal,mathematical or spatial insight creativity.

关键词： Convergent thinking Creativity research methodology Embodied cognition Executive function Physical activity

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Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 236-241页

作者： emily d Kosten Jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert Polman Harry A Atwater Thomas J.Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125 USA Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLFScience Park 1041098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted *** isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in ***,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single *** highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back *** with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear ***,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design.

关键词： detailed balance GaAs solar cell light trapping photovoltaics two photon lithography

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