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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第3期4卷 620-633页

作者： Jordan M.Hotz Joanna R.Thomas emily n.katz Robert W.Robey Sachi Horibata Michael M.Gottesman Laboratory of Cell Biology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Zebrafish Core Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMD 20892USA

The brain is protected from toxins by a tightly regulated network of specialized cells,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocyes,and neurons,known collectively as the blood-brain barrier(BBB).This selectively permeable barrier permits only the most crucial molecules essential for brain function to enter and employs a number of different mechanisms to prevent the entry of potentially harmful toxins and *** addition to a physical barrier comprised of endothelial cells that form tight junctions to restrict paracellular transport,there is an active protective mechanism made up of energy-dependent transporters that efflux compounds back into the *** of these ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters are highly expressed at the BBB:P-glycoprotein(P-gp,encoded by the ABCB1 gene)and ABCG2(encoded by the ABCG2 gene).Although a number of in vitro and in vivo systems have been developed to examine the role that ABC transporters play in keeping compounds out of the brain,all have inherent advantages and ***(Danio rerio)have become a model of interest for studies of the BBB due to the similarities between the zebrafish and mammalian BBB *** this review,we discuss what is known about ABC transporters in zebrafish and what information is still needed before the zebrafish can be recommended as a model to elucidate the role of ABC transporters at the BBB.

关键词： ABC transporters blood-brain barrier ABCG2 P-glycoprotein zebrafish

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic n-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via n-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit Glun3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration n-methyl-D-aspartate receptors n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 254-263页

作者： emily n.Blanke Gregory M.Holmes emily M.Besecker Department of Health Sciences Gettysburg CollegeGettysburgPAUSA Department of neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA

The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model *** particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability for neural components to be modified for regain of *** both types of neurotrauma,traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury,the primary parasympathetic control to the gastrointestinal tract,the vagus nerve,remains anatomically ***,individuals with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal *** gastrointestinal dysfunctions attribute to higher morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord *** the vagal efferent output remains capable of eliciting motor responses following injury,evidence suggests impairment of the vagal *** sensory input drives motor output,this review will discuss the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal vagal afferents to better understand the contributions of vagal afferent plasticity following neurotrauma.

关键词： gastrointestinal functions microbiome neurotrauma nodose ganglia sensory neuropathy spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury vagal afferents visceral reflexes

Inhibition of Wnt signaling by Frizzled7 antibody-coated nanoshells sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to the autophagy regulator chloroquine

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nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1693-1703页

作者： Jianxin Wang Megan n.Dang emily S.Day Department of Biomedical Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Helen F.Graham Cancer Center&Research Institute NewarkDE19713USA

nano Research volume 13,pages1693–1703(2020)Cite this article 137 Accesses 6 Altmetric Metrics details Abstract Despite improvements in our understanding of the biology behind triple-negative breast cancer(TnBC),it remains a devastating disease due to lack of an effective targeted *** Wnt signaling is a promising strategy to combat TnBC because Wnt signaling drives TnBC progression,chemoresistance,and ***,Wnt inhibition can lead to upregulation of autophagy,which confers therapeutic *** provides an opportunity for combination therapy,as autophagy inhibitors applied concurrently with Wnt inhibitors could increase treatment ***,we applied the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine(CQ)to TnBC cells in combination with Frizzled7 antibody-coated nanoshells(FZD7-nS)that suppress Wnt signaling by blocking Wnt ligand/FZD7 receptor interactions,and evaluated this dual treatment in *** found that FZD7-nS can inhibit Axin2 and CyclinD1,two targets of canonical Wnt signaling,and increase the expression of LC3,an autophagy *** FZD7-nS and CQ are applied together,they reduce the expression of several stemness genes in TnBC cells,leading to inhibition of TnBC cell migration and ***,co-delivery of FZD7-nS and CQ is more effective than either therapy alone or the combination of CQ with free FZD7 *** demonstrates that the nanocarrier design is important to its therapeutic ***,these findings indicate that combined regulation of Wnt signaling and autophagy by FZD7-nS and CQ is a promising strategy to combat TnBC.

关键词： nanomedicine nanoparticles combination therapy antibody delivery cancer stem cells

The role of emergency incident type in identifying first responders' health exposure risks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第2期4卷 167-173页

作者： emily J.Haas Katherine n.Yoon Alexa Furek Megan Casey Susan M.Moore national Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(nPPTL) National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)PittsburghPA 15236United States national Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(nPPTL) National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)MorgantownWV2605United States

Fire-based emergency management service(EMS)personnel are dispatched to various incidents daily,many of which have unique occupational *** fully understand the variability of incident types and how to best pre-pare and respond,an exploration of the *** system of incident types is *** study uses potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as a case example to understand if and how coding categories for incident call types may be updated to improve data standardization and emergency response decision *** received emergency response incident data generated by three fire department computer-aided dispatch(CAD)systems between March and September *** incident was labeled EMS,Fire,or *** the 162,766 incidents,approximately 8.1%(n=13,144)noted potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure within their narrative descriptions of which 86.3%were coded as EMS,9.9%as Fire,and 3.9%as *** assess coding variability across incident types,researchers used the original 3-incident type variable and a new 5-incident type variable reassigned by researchers into EMS,Fire,Other,Hazmat,and Motor *** regressions compared differences in potential exposure using the 3-and 5-incident type *** evaluating the 3-incident type variable,those respond-ing to a Fire versus an EMS incident were 84%less likely to be associated with potential exposure to *** the 5-incident type variable,those responding to Fire incidents were 77%less likely to be associated with a potential exposure than those responding to EMS *** in potential exposure between the 3-and 5-incident type models show the need to understand how incident types are *** demonstrates the need for data standardization to accurately categorize incident types to improve emergency preparedness and *** have implications for incident type coding at fire department municipality and national levels.

关键词： Emergencymedical se Firefighter Incident type Surveillance Telecommunicator

Multi-temporal nDVI analysis using UAV images of tree crowns in a northern Mexican pine-oak forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1855-1867页

作者： JoséLuis Gallardo-Salazar Marcela Rosas-Chavoya Marín Pompa-García Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano emily García-Montiel Arnulfo Meléndez-Soto Sergio Iván Jiménez-Jiménez Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo(UMSNH)58330 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoRío Papaloapan y Blvd.DurangoValle del Sur s/n34120 DurangoDurangoMéxico Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoRío Papaloapan y Blvd.DurangoValle del Sur s/n34120 DurangoDurangoMéxico Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoBoulevard del Guadiana 501Ciudad UniversitariaTorre de Investigación34120 DurangoMéxico InIFAP-CEnID RASPA Centro nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relación Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmósfera Margen derecha canal Sacramento km 6.5Zona industrial35140 Gómez PalacioDurangoMexico

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for forest monitoring has grown significantly in recent years,providing information with high spatial resolution and temporal *** with multispectral sensors allow the use of indexes such as the normalized difference vegetation index(nDVI),which determines the vigor,physiological stress and photo synthetic activity of *** study aimed to analyze the spectral responses and variations of nDVI in tree crowns,as well as their correlation with climatic factors over the course of one *** study area encompassed a 1.6-ha site in Durango,Mexico,where Pinus cembroides,Pinus engelmannii,and Quercus grisea *** images were acquired with UAV and information on meteorological variables was obtained from nASA/POWER *** AnOVA explored possible differences in nDVI among the three *** correlation was performed to identify the linear relationship between nDVI and meteorological *** differences in nDVI values were found at the genus level(Pinus and Quercus),possibly related to the physiological features of the species and their *** grisea had the lowest nDVI values throughout the year which may be attributed to its sensitivity to relative humidity and *** the use of UAV with a multispectral sensor for nDVI monitoring allowed genera differentiation,in more complex forest analyses hyperspectral and LiDAR sensors should be integrated,as well other vegetation indexes be considered.

关键词： Multispectral images normalized diff erence Vegetation index Phenology Unmanned aerial vehicles Multitemporal analysis

Resource utilisation among patients transferred for intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2019年第4期4卷 223-226页

作者： Kori Sauser Zachrison emily Aaronson Sadiqa Mahmood Jonathan Rosand Anand Viswanathan Lee H Schwamm Joshua n Goldstein Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Health Catalyst CambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of neurology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

background Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)are frequently transferred between hospitals for higher level of *** aimed to identify factors associated with resource utilisation among patients with ICH admitted to a single academic *** We used a prospectively collected registry of consecutive patients with primary ICH at an urban academic hospital between 1 January 2005 and 31 December *** primary outcome was use of either intensive care unit(ICU)admission or surgical *** regression examined factors associated with the outcome,controlling for age,sex,Glasgow coma score(GCS)and ICH *** Of the 2008 patients included,887(44.2%)received ICU stay or surgical *** patients were younger(71 vs 74 years,pn white(83.9% vs 89.3%,pne GCS(12 vs 14,pnd more frequently had intraventricular haemorrhage(58.6%vs 43.4%,pndependently associated with ICU stay or surgical intervention were age>65 years(OR 0.38,95% CI 0.21 to 0.69),GCSnd ICH score>0(OR 2.23,95% CI 1.70 to 2.91).Conclusion Among this cohort of primary patients with ICH,GCS of 15 and ICH score of 0 were associated with less frequent use of ICU or *** results should be validated in a larger sample but may be valuable for hospitals considering which patients with ICH could safely remain at the referring facility.

关键词： patients admitted Glasgow

Differential effects of short term winter thermal stress on diapausing tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio spp.）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 277-285页

作者： J. Mark Scriber emily Maher Matthew L. Aardema Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton N J USA

It is generally thought that insects inhabiting lower latitudes are more severely impacted by changes in their thermal environment than are high latitude species. This is attributed to the wider range of temperatures to which high-latitude species are exposed. By contrast, low-latitude species have typically evolved in more thermally stable environments with a narrower range of temperature variation. However, deviation from this pattern can occur and here we report that under variable winter conditions a higher latitude species may be more sensitive to thermal variation than its lower latitude sister species. Using split broods, we examined the survival and adult emergence success of diapausing pupae of Papilio canadensis and P. glaucus, as well as a unique, recombinant hybrid population （＂late-flight＂） to short periods of mid-winter cold and heat stress. Our results indicate that the higher latitude, univoltine populations （P. canadensis and late-flights） exhibit lower pupal survival than the lower latitude, facultative diapauser （P. glaucus） for all mid-winter thermal stress treatments, both high and low. Size differences alone do not appear to account for the observed differences in survival or metabolic costs in these three pheno- types, as late-flight individuals are similar in size to R glaucus. We attribute the observed differences in survival and weight loss to potential metabolic differences and variation in the intensity of diapause, in addition to divergent adaptation to winter precipitation levels （e.g. snow cover） and the influences this may have on microhabitat temperature moderation.

关键词： climate change developmental threshold incipient hybrid species metabolic cost Papilionidae post-diapause delays thermal stress

Teen reactions to a self-representational avatar:A qualitative exploration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 157-163,I0002页

作者： emily Baysden ninna Mendoza Chishinga Callender Zhigang Deng Debbe Thompson United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Computer Science University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA

Purpose:This research presents findings from a qualitative exploration of the reactions of adolescents(12-14 years old)to navigating an exergame with an avatar created from multiple scans of the player(referred to as a self-representational avatar).Methods:Post-gameplay interviews were conducted with adolescents following participation in a 20-min laboratory session(21.2±0.8 min,mean±SD)where the self-representational avatar was navigated through an *** transcripts(n=40)were coded and analyzed by 2 independent coders using hybrid thematic analysis for this secondary data *** were reviewed to identify themes representing adolescents’***:Four themes *** connected with their avatars and felt protective toward them,which influenced their actions in the exergame and contributed to their overall game ***:Creating exergames navigated by a self-representational avatar was an enjoyable experience and influenced *** research should explore the effect of this approach on gameplay frequency and intensity over time.

关键词： Avatar Exergame Physical activity Relatedness Self-determination theory

High yield reproducible rat model recapitulating human Barrett's carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6077-6087页

作者： Daisuke Matsui Ashten n Omstead Juliann E Kosovec Yoshihiro Komatsu emily J Lloyd Hailey Raphael Ronan J Kelly Ali H Zaidi Blair A Jobe Esophageal and Lung Institute Allegheny Health Network Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kanazawa University Hospital Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins Hospital

AIM To efficiently replicate the biology and pathogenesis of human esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC) using the modified Levrat model of end-to-side esophagojejunostomy. METHODS End-to-side esophagojejunostomy was performed on rats to induce gastroduodenoesophageal reflux to develop EAC. Animals were randomly selected and serially euthanized at 10(n = 6),17(n = 8),24(n = 9),31(n = 6),38(n = 6),and 40(n = 6) wk postoperatively. The esophagi were harvested for downstream histopathology and gene expression. Histological evaluation wascompleted to determine respective rates of carcinogenic development. Quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression levels of MUC2,CK19,and CK20,and results were compared to determine significant differences throughout disease progression *** The overall study mortality was 15%. Causes of mortality included anastomotic leak,gastrointestinal hemorrhage,stomach ulcer perforation,respiratory infection secondary to aspiration,and obstruction due to tumor or late anastomotic stricture. 10 wk following surgery,100% of animals presented with esophagitis. Barrett's esophagus(BE) was first observed at 10 wk,and was present in 100% of animals by 17 wk. Dysplasia was confirmed in 87.5% of animals at 17 wk,and increased to 100% by 31 wk. EAC was first observed in 44.4% of animals at 24 wk and increased to 100% by 40 wk. In addition,two animals at 38-40 wk post-surgery had confirmed macro-metastases in the lung/liver and small intestine,respectively. MUC2 gene expression was progressively down-regulated from BE to dysplasia to EAC. Both CK19 and CK20 gene expression significantly increased in a stepwise manner from esophagitis to EAC. COnCLUSIOn Esophagojejunostomy was successfully replicated in rats with low mortality and a high tumor burden,which may facilitate broader adoption to study EAC development,progression,and therapeutics.

关键词： Esophageal adenocarcinoma gastroeso phageal reflux disease Levrat Esophagojejunostomy Experimental rat model Mucin genes Cytokeratins